# Hyoglossus

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Muscle of the tongue

Hyoglossus Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. (Hyoglossus visible at center.) Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. Hyoglossal muscle in purple Details Origin Hyoid Insertion Side of the tongue Nerve Hypoglossal (CN XII) Actions Depresses and retracts the tongue Identifiers Latin musculus hyoglossus TA98 A05.1.04.102 TA2 2118 FMA 46691 Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

The **hyoglossus** is a thin and quadrilateral extrinsic muscle of the [tongue](/source/Tongue). It originates from the [hyoid bone](/source/Hyoid_bone); it inserts onto the side of the tongue. It is innervated by the [hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)](/source/Hypoglossal_nerve). It acts to depress and retract the tongue.

## Structure

It forms a part of the floor of [submandibular triangle](/source/Submandibular_triangle).

### Origin

from the side of the body and from the whole length of the [greater cornu](/source/Hyoid_bone#Horns) of the [hyoid bone](/source/Hyoid_bone). The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the [greater cornu](/source/Greater_cornu).

### Insertion

Its fibres pass almost vertically upward to enter the side of the [tongue](/source/Tongue), inserting between the [styloglossus](/source/Styloglossus) and the [inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue](/source/Inferior_longitudinal_muscle_of_the_tongue).

### Relations

Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the [glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)](/source/Glossopharyngeal_nerve), the [stylohyoid ligament](/source/Stylohyoid_ligament) and the [lingual artery](/source/Lingual_artery) and [lingual vein](/source/Lingual_vein).

The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus. The lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus.

Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle, lay several important structures (from upper to lower): [sublingual gland](/source/Sublingual_gland), [submandibular duct](/source/Submandibular_duct), [lingual nerve](/source/Lingual_nerve), [vena comitans](/source/Vena_comitans) of hypoglossal nerve, and the [hypoglossal nerve](/source/Hypoglossal_nerve). Note, posteriorly, the [lingual nerve](/source/Lingual_nerve) is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular [salivary gland](/source/Salivary_gland) protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and [mylohyoid muscles](/source/Mylohyoid_muscle).

## Function

The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue and makes the dorsum more convex.

## Additional images

		- Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.

		- Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.

		- The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.

		- Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.

		- Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.

		- Coronal section of [tongue](/source/Tongue), showing intrinsic muscles.

		- Hyoglossus muscle

## References

*This article incorporates text in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain) from [page 1129](https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/1129/mode/2up) of the 20th edition of* [Gray's Anatomy](/source/Gray's_Anatomy) *(1918)*

## External links

- [Anatomy figure: 34:02-09](https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l34/340209.htm) at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center

- ["Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131231131054/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html). *Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator*. Elsevier. Archived from [the original](http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html) on 2013-12-31.

- [Diagram](http://www.perfect-voice.com/images/Hyoglossus2.JPG) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20050909210341/http://www.perfect-voice.com/images/Hyoglossus2.JPG) 2005-09-09 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

v t e Muscles of the head Extraocular Oblique inferior superior Rectus superior inferior medial lateral Levator palpebrae superioris superior tarsal Masticatory Masseter Temporalis sphenomandibularis Pterygoid lateral medial Fascia masseteric temporal Facial Ear Auricular anterior superior posterior Temporoparietalis Scalp/eyelid Occipitofrontalis occipitalis frontalis Orbicularis oculi depressor supercilii Corrugator supercilii Levator palpebrae superioris Nose Procerus Nasalis dilator naris Depressor septi nasi Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Mouth Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus major minor Orbicularis oris Risorius Buccinator Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Mentalis Transversus menti Soft palate Veli palatini tensor levator Musculus uvulae Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus Tongue Extrinsic Genioglossus Hyoglossus chondroglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus Intrinsic Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal Transverse Vertical

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hyoglossus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoglossus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoglossus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.