# Hydroxycinnamic acid

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**Hydroxycinnamic acids** (**hydroxycinnamates**) are a class of [aromatic acids](/source/Aromatic_acid) or [phenylpropanoids](/source/Phenylpropanoid) having a C6–C3 skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of [cinnamic acid](/source/Cinnamic_acid).

In the category of [phytochemicals that can be found in food](/source/List_of_phytochemicals_in_food), there are:

- [α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid](/source/Alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic_acid)
- [Caffeic acid](/source/Caffeic_acid) – burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple
- [Cichoric acid](/source/Cichoric_acid)
- [Cinnamic acid](/source/Cinnamic_acid) – aloe
- [Chlorogenic acid](/source/Chlorogenic_acid) – echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries
- [Diferulic acids](/source/Diferulic_acids)
- [Coumaric acid](/source/Coumaric_acid)
- [Ferulic acid](/source/Ferulic_acid) (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) – oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut
- [Sinapinic acid](/source/Sinapinic_acid) (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid or sinapic acid)

## Hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids

- [Caftaric acid](/source/Caftaric_acid) – grapes and wine,[1] mainly the [*trans* isomer](/source/Trans_isomer)[2]
- [Coutaric acid](/source/Coutaric_acid) – grapes and wine, both *trans* and *cis* isomers[2]
- [Fertaric acid](/source/Fertaric_acid) – grapes and wine, mainly the *trans* isomer[2]

## References

1. Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna; Verbaere, Arnaud; Meudec, Emmanuelle; Cheynier, Véronique; Sommerer, Nicolas (2015). "Straightforward Method To Quantify GSH, GSSG, GRP, and Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Wines by UPLC-MRM-MS". *J. Agric. Food Chem.*. **63** (1): 142–149. [doi:10.1021/jf504383g](https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504383g). [PMID 25457918](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25457918)

1. Vrhovsek (1998). "Extraction of Hydroxycinnamoyltartaric Acids from Berries of Different Grape Varieties". *J. Agric. Food Chem.*. **46** (10): 4203–8. [doi:10.1021/jf980461s](https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980461s)

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