# Hydroscope

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"Hydroscopic" redirects here; not to be confused with [hygroscopic](/source/Hygroscopic) or [hygroscope](/source/Hygroscope).

A **hydroscope** is any of several instruments related to [water](/source/Water):

- One kind is an instrument for making observations below the surface of [water](/source/Water),[1] such as a long tube fitted with various [lenses](/source/Lens_(optics)) arranged so that objects lying at the bottom can be reflected upon a screen on the deck of the ship that carries it. These are built with a large tire tube that supports the screen and covered by an acrylic dome for protection.[2]

- Another kind detects subsurface water through nuclear magnetic resonance using the [surface nuclear magnetic resonance](/source/Surface_nuclear_magnetic_resonance) technique.

- An instrument (likely a [hydrometer](/source/Hydrometer)[3][4]) described by [Synesius](/source/Synesius) in his *Letter 15* to [Hypatia](/source/Hypatia), written in 402 AD.[5][6] There are references to such instruments as early as the fourth century.[7]

- Another ancient Greek instrument: a [water clock](/source/Water_clock) or *clepsydra*.[4]

## Sources and notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Worthington, David (2003). *Dictionary of Environmental Health*. London: Spon Press. p. 135. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0415267242](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415267242).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Giaccardi, Elisa (2012). *Heritage and Social Media: Understanding Heritage in a Participatory Culture*. London: Routledge. p. 222. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780415616621](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415616621).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Booth, Charlotte (2017), Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth, London: Fonthill Media, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-78155-546-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78155-546-0) pp.113-114

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Anderson_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Anderson_4-1) Anderson, Marlow; [Katz, Victor](/source/Victor_J._Katz); [Wilson, Robin](/source/Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)) (2004). *Sherlock Holmes in Babylon: And Other Tales of Mathematical History*. The Mathematical Association of America. p. 57. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0883855461](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0883855461).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Synesius, Letter 015 - Livius"](https://www.livius.org/sources/content/synesius/synesius-letter-015/). *www.livius.org*. Retrieved 2019-02-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Waithe, M.E. (1987). *Ancient women philosophers, 600 B.C. – 500 A.D*. A History of Women Philosophers. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 192.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Forbes, Robert James (1970). *A Short History of the Art of Distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal*. Brill. p. 25.

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