# Hydrophyllaceae

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{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Hydrophyllum occidentale.jpg
|image_caption = ''[Hydrophyllum occidentale](/source/Hydrophyllum_occidentale)''
|taxon = Hydrophyllaceae
|authority = R.Br., nom. cons.<ref name=WFO_7000001199/>
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = See text.
}}

'''Hydrophyllaceae''' is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) in the [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant) order [Boraginales](/source/Boraginales).<ref name=WFO_7000001199>{{Cite WFO |title=Hydrophyllaceae R.Br. |id=7000001199 |access-date=2025-12-22}}</ref> Its taxonomic position has varied; it has also been treated as the subfamily '''Hydrophylloideae''' of the family [Boraginaceae](/source/Boraginaceae) ''sensu lato''.

==Description==
Plants in the family may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem. Most have a taproot. The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

==Taxonomy==
Traditionally, and under the [Cronquist system](/source/Cronquist_system), the taxon was given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order [Solanales](/source/Solanales). The family takes its name from the genus ''[Hydrophyllum](/source/Hydrophyllum)'' (waterleaf). Later systems recognised a close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order [Boraginales](/source/Boraginales).<ref>e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. ''Pl. Biol.'' 3: 629–636.</ref> In the 2016 [APG IV system](/source/APG_IV_system), Hydrophyllaceae was included in Boraginaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society](/source/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society) |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} |doi-access=free}}</ref> Following the publication of APG IV, a collaborative group along similar lines to the [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group](/source/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group), the Boraginales Working Group (BWG),<ref name=BWG19>{{cite web |title=Boraginales Working Group |date=2019 
|url=http://boraginales.myspecies.info/ |access-date=2025-12-22 }}</ref> published an alternative taxonomy based on the [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetics) relationships within the Boraginaceae ''s.l.''<ref name=BWG16>{{cite journal |last1=Luebert |first1=Federico |last2=Cecchi |first2=Lorenzo |last3=Frohlich |first3=Michael W. |last4=Gottschling |first4=Marc |last5=Guilliams |first5=C. Matt |last6=Hasenstab-Lehman |first6=Kristen E. |last7=Hilger |first7=Hartmut H. |last8=Miller |first8=James S. |last9=Mittelbach |first9=Moritz |last10=Nazaire |first10=Mare |last11=Nepi |first11=Massimo |last12=Nocentini |first12=Daniele |last13=Ober |first13=Dietrich |last14=Olmstead |first14=Richard G. |last15=Selvi |first15=Federico |last16=Simpson |first16=Michael G. |last17=Sutorý |first17=Karel |last18=Valdés |first18=Benito |last19=Walden |first19=Genevieve K. |last20=Weigend |first20=Maximilian |title=Boraginales Working Group: Familial classification of the Boraginales |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304454062 |journal=[Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal)) |date=24 June 2016 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=502–522 |doi=10.12705/653.5 |hdl=2158/1062790 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> This classification split the order into eleven families, including Hydrophyllaceae,<ref name=BWG16/> and {{As of|2025|December|lc=yes}} was accepted by many taxonomic sources, including [World Flora Online](/source/World_Flora_Online)<ref name=WFO_7000001199/> and the [Angiosperm Phylogeny Website](/source/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website).<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Hydrophyllaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Hydrophyllaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2025-12-22.</ref>

===Genera===
{{As of|2025|December}}, the World Flora Online accepted 11 genera:<ref name=WFO_7000001199/>
* ''[Draperia](/source/Draperia)'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[Ellisia](/source/Ellisia)'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[Emmenanthe](/source/Emmenanthe)'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[Eucrypta](/source/Eucrypta)'' <small>Nutt.</small>
* ''[Hesperochiron](/source/Hesperochiron)'' <small>S.Wats.</small>
* ''[Hydrophyllum](/source/Hydrophyllum)'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[Nemophila](/source/Nemophila)'' <small>Nutt.</small> 
* ''[Phacelia](/source/Phacelia)'' <small>Juss.</small>
* ''[Pholistoma](/source/Pholistoma)'' <small>Lilja</small>
* ''[Romanzoffia](/source/Romanzoffia)'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[Tricardia](/source/Tricardia)'' <small>Torr. ex S.Watson</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q164189|from2=Q5905613}}

Category:Hydrophyllaceae
Category:Asterid families

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hydrophyllaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophyllaceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophyllaceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.