# Hwp1

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**Hwp1** (**Hyphal wall protein 1**) is a [protein](/source/Protein) ([glycoprotein](/source/Glycoprotein)) located on the surface of an [opportunistic](/source/Opportunistic_infection) [diploid](/source/Diploid) [fungus](/source/Fungus) called *[Candida albicans](/source/Candida_albicans)*.

This "hyphal" denomination is due to Hwp1 appearing exclusively on the surface of a projection called [hyphae](/source/Hyphae) that emerges from the surface of this fungus.

Hwp1 is particularly important because it is a [substrate](/source/Enzyme_substrate_(biology)) of [mammalian](/source/Mammal) [transglutaminase](/source/Transglutaminase).[1]

This transglutaminase ability has two implications, one (in [fungus pathogenicity](/source/Oral_candidiasis)) proved, and the other (in [food proteins](/source/Protein_(nutrient)) [potential pathogenicity](/source/Abductive_reasoning)) hypothetical.

## Fungus pathogenicity

Hwp1 has been proven to be involved in [oral candidiasis](/source/Oral_candidiasis). Candida albicans Hwp1 allows through the use of transglutaminase from the [host](/source/Host_(biology)) (human beings, for example) to adhere to human epithelial cells with the [strength](/source/Chemical_bond) of a [covalent](/source/Covalent_bond), [isopeptide](/source/Isopeptide_bond) bond (the same [strength](/source/Chemical_bond) in which human body proteins are built). This ability is highly related to *Candida albicans* being the prevalent Candida species in all types of candidiasis. Other candida species don't have the Hwp1 protein.

## Hwp1 - Gluten molecular mimicry

Hwp1 of Candida albicans shares similar sequence homology of amino acids with gliadin (α- and γ-gliadins) of gluten protein. This homology appears between fragments of hwp1 sequence and α-gliadin and γ-gliadin T-cell epitopes in celiac disease.[2][3][4]

## See also

- [Adhesin molecule (immunoglobulin -like)](/source/Adhesin_molecule_(immunoglobulin_-like))
- [Bacterial adhesin](/source/Bacterial_adhesin)
- [Cell adhesion](/source/Cell_adhesion)
- [Fungal adhesin](/source/Fungal_adhesin)

## References

1. Williams DW, Jordan RP, Wei XQ, Alves CT, Wise MP, Wilson MJ, Lewis MA (2013). "Interactions of Candida albicans with host epithelial surfaces". *Journal of Oral Microbiology*. **5**. [doi:10.3402/jom.v5i0.22434](https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.22434). [PMC 3805843](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3805843). [PMID 24155995](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24155995)

1. Stepniak D, Koning F (2006). "Celiac disease--sandwiched between innate and adaptive immunity". *Human Immunology*. **67** (6): 460–8. [doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.03.011](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2006.03.011). [PMID 16728270](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16728270)

1. Goldman DL, Huffnagle GB (2009). "Potential contribution of fungal infection and colonization to the development of allergy". *Medical Mycology*. **47** (5): 445–56. [doi:10.1080/13693780802641904](https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780802641904). [PMID 19384753](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19384753)

1. Meresse B, Ripoche J, Heyman M, Cerf-Bensussan N (2009). "Celiac disease: from oral tolerance to intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis". *Mucosal Immunology*. **2** (1): 8–23. [doi:10.1038/mi.2008.75](https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2008.75). [PMID 19079330](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19079330)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hwp1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwp1) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwp1?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.