# Huaura

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City of historical significance in Peru

City in Lima, Peru

Huaura City Coat of arms Nickname: Cuna de la Independencia del Perú (Cradle of the Independence of Peru) Country Peru Department Lima Province Huaura District Huaura Founded July 25, 1597 Government • Mayor Juan José Reaño Antúnez Elevation 30 m (98 ft) Population (2017) • Total 24,668 Demonym(s) Huaurino, -na Time zone UTC-5 (PET)

**Huaura** is a city in [Peru](/source/Peru). It is the capital of the [homonymous district](/source/Huaura_District) located in the [province of Huaura](/source/Huaura_Province) in the [department of Lima](/source/Department_of_Lima). It had an estimated population of 24,668 according to the [2017 census](/source/2017_Peruvian_census). It ceased to be the provincial capital in 1866 in favor of the city of [Huacho](/source/Huacho) and is part of the conurbation formed around the latter by means of two bridges over the [Huaura River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huaura_River&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Huaura)].

The city's main square houses the [Huaura Museum](/source/Huaura_Museum), the site of the proclamation of the independence of Peru by José de San Martín in 1820.

## History

The city was founded under the name of **Villa de Carrión de Velasco** on July 25, 1597.[1]

On November 27, 1820, [José de San Martín](/source/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn) proclaimed the [independence](/source/Independence_of_Peru) of [Peru](/source/Protectorate_of_Peru) from a [balcony](/source/Balc%C3%B3n_de_Huaura) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balc%C3%B3n_de_Huaura)] in an old [Viceregal](/source/Viceroyalty_of_Peru) house that originally belonged to the Royal Customs of Lima, working today as the city's museum.[2][3]

A constituent assembly known as the [Huaura Assembly](/source/Huaura_Assembly) was held from August 3 to 24, 1836, and featured representatives from [La Libertad](/source/Department_of_La_Libertad), [Lima](/source/Lima_Department), [Huaylas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huaylas_Department&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Huaylas)], [Maynas](/source/Department_of_Amazonas%2C_Peru) and [Junín](/source/Department_of_Jun%C3%ADn).[4] On August 11, [North Peru](/source/North_Peru) was officially established through the promulgation of its constitution by the then President [Luis José de Orbegoso](/source/Luis_Jos%C3%A9_de_Orbegoso), naming [Andrés de Santa Cruz](/source/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz)—who triumphantly entered [Lima](/source/Lima) on August 15—as the Supreme Protector of the state. Orbegoso also presented his resignation, but it was not approved by the assembly, who named him provisional president. The assembly also established the new territorial divisions of the country.[5]

In 1920, festivities were held in the town's balcony as part of the [Centennial of the Independence of Peru](/source/Centennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru) organised by the [second government](/source/History_of_Peru_(1919%E2%80%931930)) of [Augusto B. Leguía](/source/Augusto_B._Legu%C3%ADa).[2][3]

On July 24, 1985, members of the [Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement](/source/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement) (MRTA) broke into the city's historic museum and stole a replica of the sable used by San Martín, the original first [flag of Peru](/source/Flag_of_Peru) designed by San Martín and a replica of an [Argentine flag](/source/Argentine_flag).[6] The relics were later recovered and returned, but the flag never returned to the city, instead remaining in Lima.[7] A replica has since replaced the original flag during celebrations held in the city.[8]

In 2021, the city was named as the emblematic city of the [Bicentennial of the Independence of Peru](/source/Bicentennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru),[7] being visited by then president [Francisco Sagasti](/source/Francisco_Sagasti).[9]

## Climate

The city has a [desert climate](/source/Desert_climate). The average annual temperature is 19.1 °C. Rainfall is almost nil.

Climate data for Huaura Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Daily mean °F 71.1 72.5 72.1 69.4 65.8 63.5 63 61.7 62.1 63.1 65.5 68 66.5 Daily mean °C 21.7 22.5 22.3 20.8 18.8 17.5 17 16.5 16.7 17.3 18.6 20 19.1 Source: climate-data.org[10]

## Festivities

Date Festivities March–April Holy Week July 16 Virgen del Carmen (Huaura) July 28–29 Fiestas Patrias November 27 First proclamation of the Independence of Peru from Huaura Balcony [es]

## See also

- [Plaza Mayor, Lima](/source/Plaza_Mayor%2C_Lima), where independence was again proclaimed in 1821

- [Sicuani](/source/Sicuani), where [South Peru](/source/South_Peru) was proclaimed in 1836

- [Tapacarí](/source/Tapacar%C3%AD), where the [Bolivian Republic](/source/Bolivian_Republic_(Peru-Bolivian_Confederation)) was proclaimed in 1836

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["HUAURA ¨Villa de Carrión de Velasco¨"](https://www.gob.pe/institucion/munihuaura-huaura/noticias/692809-huaura-villa-de-carrion-de-velasco). *[Gob.pe](/source/Gob.pe)*. Municipalidad Distrital de Huaura. 2023-01-25.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bicentenario_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bicentenario_2-1) ["Animales, víveres y soldados. ¿Cuál fue el rol de Huaura en la Independencia y por qué un balcón de la ciudad es símbolo del país?"](https://bicentenario.gob.pe/animales-viveres-y-soldados-cual-fue-el-rol-de-huaura-en-la-independencia-y-por-que-un-balcon-de-la-ciudad-es-simbolo-del-pais/). *Bicentenario.gob.pe*. [Ministerio de Cultura](/source/Ministry_of_Culture_(Peru)). 2020-11-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ElComercioJul28_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ElComercioJul28_3-1) ["Balcón de Huaura: ¿qué hecho importante ocurrió aquí en la independencia del país?"](https://elcomercio.pe/respuestas/balcon-de-huaura-que-hecho-importante-ocurrio-aqui-en-la-independencia-del-pais-independencia-de-peru-bicentenario-historia-revtli-noticia/?ref=ecr). *[El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru))*. 2021-07-28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETamayo1985253_4-0)** [Tamayo 1985](#CITEREFTamayo1985), p. 253.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasadre2014119_5-0)** [Basadre 2014](#CITEREFBasadre2014), p. 119.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** "CRONOLOGIA: HECHOS PRINCIPALES". [*Violencia política en el Perú: 1980-1988*](https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/0DD72E3AC43606DC05257BE9006D9BAD/$FILE/1_pdfsam_desco00002.pdf) (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1. Lima: DESCO Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo. 1989. p. 123.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ElComercioNov24_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ElComercioNov24_7-1) Miranda, Luis (2020-11-24). ["Huaura: el pueblo peruano donde todavía vive el general don José de San Martín"](https://elcomercio.pe/somos/historias/bicentenario-huaura-el-pueblo-peruano-donde-todavia-vive-el-general-don-jose-de-san-martin-noticia/?ref=ecr). *[El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru))*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["🤓CON HOMENAJE a NUESTROS SIMBOLOS PATRIOS SE APERTURÓ LA PRIMERA EXPOFERIA TURÍSTICA "LA HISTORIA QUE DEBES SABER""](https://www.gob.pe/institucion/munihuaura-huaura/noticias/772860-con-homenaje-a-nuestros-simbolos-patrios-se-aperturo-la-primera-expoferia-turistica-la-historia-que-debes-saber). *[Gob.pe](/source/Gob.pe)*. Municipalidad Distrital de Huaura. 2023-06-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Miranda, Luis (2020-12-13). ["Aquí nació el Perú: la casona que fue usada como cuartel por don José de San Martín"](https://elcomercio.pe/luces/arte/aqui-nacio-el-peru-la-casona-que-fue-usada-como-cuartel-por-don-jose-de-san-martin-noticia/?ref=ecr). *[El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru))*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** climate-data.org (ed.). ["Clima: Huaura"](https://es.climate-data.org/location/765023/). Retrieved 2017-06-09.

## Bibliography

- [Basadre Grohmann, Jorge](/source/Jorge_Basadre) (2014). *Historia de la República del Perú [1822-1933]*. Vol. 2. [El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru)). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-612-306-353-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-612-306-353-5).

- [Tamayo Herrera, José](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Tamayo_Herrera) (1985). *Nuevo Compendio de Historia del Perú*. Editorial Lumen.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Huaura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaura) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaura?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.