# Hu Jiwei

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In this [Chinese name](/source/Chinese_name), the [family name](/source/Chinese_surname) is *[Hu](/source/Hu_(surname))*.

Movements in contemporary Chinese political thought Cultural conservatism Chen Ming [zh] Daniel A. Bell Gan Yang Jiang Qing Kang Xiaoguang [zh] Liu Xiaofeng Tang Chun-i Tu Weiming Yan Xuetong Yao Zhongqiu Yu Ying-shih Liberalism Ai Weiwei Bao Zunxin Bo Yang Du Daozheng Fang Fang Fang Lizhi Gao Shangquan Gu Su He Weifang Hu Jiwei Hu Shuli Jin Guantao Li Honglin Li Rui Li Shenzhi Li Yinhe Li Zehou Liu Binyan Liu Xiaobo Mao Yushi Qin Benli Qin Hui Wang Ruoshui Wang Ruowang Wang Yuanhua Wu Jinglian Xu Jilin Xu Youyu Yan Jiaqi Zhang Qianfan Zhang Weiying Zhu Houze Zhu Xueqin Neoauthoritarianism Bao Tong Chen Yizi Chen Yuan Dai Qing Li Zehou Liu Zaifu Wang Huning Wu Jiaxiang Xiao Gongqin Yang Baikui Zhao Ziyang Zhang Bingjiu [zh] Zheng Yongnian Debateable: Hu Yaobang, Hu Qili, Rong Yiren, Wang Zhengwei, Wen Jiabao, Zhu Rongji and Zhou Xiaochuan Neo-nationalism He Xin [zh] Hu Xijin Jiang Shigong Jin Canrong Eric X. Li Shen Yi [zh] Wang Xiaodong [zh] Zhang Weiwei Zhang Wenmu New Left Bo Xilai Cui Zhiyuan Dai Jinhua Deng Liqun Gan Yang Gao Mobo Hu Angang Kong Qingdong Larry Hsien Ping Lang Li Minqi Sima Nan Sun Zhengcai Wang Hui Wang Lijun Wang Shaoguang Qiu Zhanxuan Yue Xin Zhou Yongkang Socialism with Chinese characteristics Bagatur Bayanqolu Buhe Cai Qi Chen Derong Chen Huanyou Chen Jinhua Chen Kuiyuan Chen Liangyu Chen Min'er Chen Xi Chen Xitong Chen Yun Chen Zhili Deng Liqun Deng Xiaoping Deng Yingchao Gao Di Geng Biao Gu Hailiang He Lifeng He Yiting Hu Jintao Hu Chunhua Hu Qiaomu Huang Ju Huang Kunming Huang Xingguo Huo Shilian Ji Lin Jia Qinglin Jia Ting'an Jiang Zemin Leng Rong Li Keqiang Li Peng Li Qiang Li Shulei Li Xi Li Xiannian Li Xuai Li Yuanchao Li Zhanshu Liang Lingguang Lin Huiyong Liu He Liu Jinguo Liu Shuiyuan Liu Tianfu Liu Yandong Liu Yazhou Liu Yunshan Luo Wen Lou Yangsheng Ma Xingrui Pan Yue Peng Zhen Qiao Shi Song Ping Shu Guozeng Sun Chunlan Sun Liancheng Wan Li Wang Qishan Wang Weiguang Wang Weizhong Wang Xiaohong Wang Xuezhen Wang Yang (politician) Wang Yang (Liaoning politician) Wang Zuo'an Wu Bangguo Wu Shuqing Xi Jinping Xi Yuanping Xi Zhongxun Xia Baolong Xie Fei Xie Fuzhan Xu Kuangdi Ye Xiaowen Ye Xuanping Yi Gang Ying Yong Yu Guangyuan Yu Qiuli Yu Weiguo Yu Yunyao Zhao Leji Zeng Qinghong Zheng Bijian Zhou Qiang Zhong Shaojun Zhu Mingguo Politics of China v t e

**Hu Jiwei** (Chinese: 胡绩伟; August 1916 – September 16, 2012) was a Chinese [journalist](/source/Journalist) and a senior Chinese official who served as the president of the *[People's Daily](/source/People's_Daily)* (1982–1983) and previously its [editor-in-chief](/source/Editor-in-chief).[1][2]

As an influential [liberal](/source/Liberalism_in_China) official, Hu was a long-time champion of [freedom of the press](/source/Freedom_of_the_press) and political reforms in China, calling "people's spirit should be above [Party](/source/Chinese_Communist_Party) spirit (人民性高于党性)".[2][3][4] Hu also served as a vice director of the [Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee of the National People's Congress](/source/Education%2C_Science%2C_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee) between 1983 and 1989, but was purged from the central leadership after the [Tiananmen Square Massacre](/source/Tiananmen_Square_Massacre) in 1989.[2][4]

## Biography

Hu Jiwei (rightmost position on the front row in the picture) attending a conference with [Mao Zedong](/source/Mao_Zedong) and others in [Yan'an](/source/Yan'an) in 1940.

Hu Jiwei was born in [Zigong, Sichuan](/source/Zigong%2C_Sichuan) in August 1916 (some say September 1916[5]).[1] In 1935, Hu enrolled in [West China Medical Center](/source/West_China_Medical_Center), but transferred to [Sichuan University](/source/Sichuan_University) in 1936, when he became an active member in a number of newspaper and magazines.[5][6] Hu joined the [Chinese Communist Party](/source/Chinese_Communist_Party) (CCP) in 1937, and in 1939, he travelled to [Yan'an](/source/Yan'an) and subsequently worked for *[Jiefang Daily](/source/Jiefang_Daily)* and [Xinhua News Agency](/source/Xinhua_News_Agency).[5][6] After the [founding of the People's Republic of China](/source/Founding_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China), Hu became a deputy editor-in-chief of *[People's Daily](/source/People's_Daily)* in 1952, as an assistant to [Deng Tuo](/source/Deng_Tuo).[5][6]

Hu was persecuted during the [Cultural Revolution](/source/Cultural_Revolution) (1966–1976), and soon afterwards was appointed the [editor-in-chief](/source/Editor-in-chief) of the *[People's Daily](/source/People's_Daily)* in January 1977 and played an important role during the *[Boluan Fanzheng](/source/Boluan_Fanzheng)* period.[1][5][6] In the late 1970s, Hu Jiwei said that the "people's spirit" should be primary in doing journalism, meaning that the media should report truthfully because it represented the interests of the people. Hu Jiwei argued in 1979 that "party spirit" should be consistent with human nature media should be independent from the Party, saying the media should be "the eyes and ears of CCP" in order to report accurately on the actual situation in the country and listen to the people's voices. His position was endorsed by reformist leader [Hu Yaobang](/source/Hu_Yaobang). [Hu Qiaomu](/source/Hu_Qiaomu), in contrast, argued for the primacy of the "party spirit" in media and journalism.[7]

Hu Jiwei worked as the newspaper's president between April 1982 and October 1983, under [Hu Yaobang](/source/Hu_Yaobang), then [General Secretary of the CCP](/source/General_Secretary_of_the_CCP) and a leader of reformists within the CCP.[1][2] However, Hu Jiwei was criticized for his liberal remarks by left-wing conservative figures within the CCP such as Hu Qiaomu, and was forced to resign as the president of *People's Daily* during the [Campaign against spiritual pollution](/source/Campaign_against_spiritual_pollution) in 1983.[8] Hu Qiaomu continued to argue Hu Jiwei's ideas continued to poison the media after his resignation as editor-in-chief in 1983. After the [1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre](/source/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre), Hu Qiaomu argued the failure to properly control the press "guided matters in the direction of chaos".[7]

From 1983 to 1989, Hu served as a vice director of the [Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee of the National People's Congress](/source/Education%2C_Science%2C_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee), as a member of the [National People's Congress Standing Committee](/source/National_People's_Congress_Standing_Committee), the top legislature in China.[1][5] In the meantime, he tried to pass laws to protect free press in China, but did not succeed.[2] After the [Tiananmen Square Massacre](/source/Tiananmen_Square_Massacre) in 1989, Hu was purged from the central leadership.[2][4] However, Hu continued to support free press and called for political reforms in mainland China.[9][10]

Hu died at the age of 96 in Beijing on September 16, 2012.[1][2]

## See also

- [Wang Ruoshui](/source/Wang_Ruoshui)

- [Reform and Opening](/source/Reform_and_Opening)

- [New Enlightenment (China)](/source/New_Enlightenment_(China))

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_1-5) ["Former head of People's Daily dies at 96"](https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-09/27/content_15788707.htm). *[China Daily](/source/China_Daily)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121005182223/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-09/27/content_15788707.htm) from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:1_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:1_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:1_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:1_2-6) ["Former People's Daily chief editor Hu Jiwei sought Tiananmen vindication"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150325130812/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1039377/former-peoples-daily-chief-editor-hu-jiwei-sought-tiananmen-vindication). *[South China Morning Post](/source/South_China_Morning_Post)*. 2012-09-18. Archived from [the original](https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1039377/former-peoples-daily-chief-editor-hu-jiwei-sought-tiananmen-vindication) on 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Party Spirit"](https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/party-spirit/). *China Media Project*. 2021-12-12. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241004081111/https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/party-spirit/) from the original on 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_4-2) Hai, Tao (2013-09-17). ["人民日报重炒马列 理论争执再起硝烟"](https://www.voachinese.com/a/china-daily-20130916/1750772.html). *[Voice of America](/source/Voice_of_America)* (in Chinese). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240423075114/https://www.voachinese.com/a/china-daily-20130916/1750772.html) from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:3_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:3_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:3_5-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:3_5-5) Bao, Yujun (2012-10-08). ["报人气概"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121011231643/https://magazine.caixin.com/2012-10-01/100443897.html) [The spirit of a journalist]. *[Caixin](/source/Caixin)*. Archived from [the original](https://magazine.caixin.com/2012-10-01/100443897.html) on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:4_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:4_6-3) Xu, Qingquan (2012-12-13). ["报人胡绩伟"](https://www.aisixiang.com/data/59843.html) [Journalist Hu Jiwei]. *Ai Sixiang (爱思想)* (in Chinese). [Caijing](/source/Caijing). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240503070845/https://www.aisixiang.com/data/59843.html) from the original on 2024-05-03.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:03_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:03_7-1) ["Party Spirit"](https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/party-spirit/). *China Media Project*. 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2025-11-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Iyer, Pico (1983-11-28). ["China: Battling Spiritual Pollution"](https://time.com/archive/6860258/china-battling-spiritual-pollution/). *TIME*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240907234429/https://time.com/archive/6860258/china-battling-spiritual-pollution/) from the original on 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["China must abandon censorship"](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/oct/13/china-censorship-freedom-speech). *The Guardian*. 2010-10-13. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 2024-10-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Kong, Anka Lee / Hong (2009-04-17). ["Hong Kong Dissidents Get Organized As Tiananmen Anniversary Draws Near"](https://time.com/archive/6946390/hong-kong-dissidents-get-organized-as-tiananmen-anniversary-draws-near/). *TIME*. Retrieved 2024-10-19.

v t e Second Council of the All-China Journalists Association (Restoration) August 1980 – April 1983 (Restoration) Executive President Zeng Tao Members of the Presidium Ding Xiling Wang Wei Hua Nan Yang Xiguang Zhang Xiangshan Hu Jiwei First Secretary of the Secretariat Wang Yi Secretaries of the Secretariat Zuo Moyie An Gang Xing Fangqun Chen Ji Lü Liang She Shiguang Zhang Dazhong An Wenyi

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hu Jiwei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Jiwei) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Jiwei?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.