# Hooded warbler

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hooded_warbler
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hooded_warbler.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_warbler
> Source revision: 1349273847
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Species of bird

Hooded warbler Adult male Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae Genus: Setophaga Species: S. citrina Binomial name Setophaga citrina (Boddaert, 1783) Range of S. citrina (note: missing distribution on Hispaniola) Breeding range Wintering range Synonyms Wilsonia citrina Dendroica citrina

The **hooded warbler** (***Setophaga citrina***) is a [New World warbler](/source/New_World_warbler). It breeds in eastern [North America](/source/North_America) across the [eastern United States](/source/Eastern_United_States) and into southernmost [Canada](/source/Canada) ([Ontario](/source/Ontario)). It is [migratory](/source/Bird_migration), wintering in [Central America](/source/Central_America) and the [West Indies](/source/West_Indies). Hooded warblers are very rare vagrants to western [Europe](/source/Europe).

Recent genetic research has suggested that the [type species](/source/Type_species) of *Wilsonia* (hooded warbler *W. citrina*) and of *[Setophaga](/source/Setophaga)* ([American redstart](/source/American_redstart) *S. ruticilla*) are closely related and should be merged into the same genus. As the name *Setophaga* (published in 1827) takes priority over *Wilsonia* (published in 1838), hooded warbler would then be transferred as *Setophaga citrina*.[2] This change has been accepted by the North American Classification Committee of the [American Ornithologists' Union](/source/American_Ornithologists'_Union),[3] and the [IOC World Bird List](/source/IOC_World_Bird_List).[4] The South American Classification Committee continues to list the bird in the genus *[Wilsonia](/source/Wilsonia_(bird))*.

## Taxonomy

The French polymath [Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon](/source/Georges-Louis_Leclerc%2C_Comte_de_Buffon) described the hooded warbler in 1779 in his *[Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux](/source/Histoire_Naturelle)* from a specimen collected in [Louisiana](/source/Louisiana).[5] The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by [François-Nicolas Martinet](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Martinet) in the *Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle* which was produced under the supervision of [Edme-Louis Daubenton](/source/Edme-Louis_Daubenton) to accompany Buffon's text.[6] Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist [Pieter Boddaert](/source/Pieter_Boddaert) coined the [binomial name](/source/Binomial_name) *Muscicapa citrina* in his catalogue of the *Planches Enluminées*.[7]

The hooded warbler was formerly placed in the genus *[Wilsonia](/source/Wilsonia_(bird))*.[8] A [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) study of the family [Parulidae](/source/Parulidae) published in 2010 found that the hooded warbler was embedded in a clade that contained species then assigned to *Dendroica* as well as two of four species of *Parula* and the [monotypic](/source/Monotypic) genera *Catharopeza* and *[Setophaga](/source/Setophaga)*.[9] To create a [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic) genus, all members of the clade were placed in the expanded genus *Setophaga*, which under the rules of the [International Code of Zoological Nomenclature](/source/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature), had [priority](/source/Principle_of_Priority).[9][10] The genus *Setophaga* was introduced by the English naturalist [William Swainson](/source/William_Swainson) in 1827.[11] The species is monotypic; no subspecies are recognised.[10] The genus name *Setophaga* is from [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) *ses*, "moth", and **phagos**, "eating", and the specific *citrina* is [Latin](/source/Latin) for [citrine](/source/Citrine_(colour)).[12]

## Description

Hooded Warbler in Audubon's *Birds of America*

The hooded warbler is a small bird and mid-sized warbler, measuring 13 cm (5.1 in) in length and weighing 9–12 g (0.32–0.42 oz).[13] The hooded warbler has a wingspan of 6.9 in (17.5 cm).[14] It has a plain olive/green-brown back and yellow underparts. Their outer [rectrices](/source/Rectrix) have whitish vanes. Males have distinctive black hoods which surround their yellow faces; the female has an olive-green cap which does not extend to the forehead, ears, and throat. Males attain their hood at about 9–12 months of age; younger birds are essentially identical to (and easily confused with) females.[15] The song is a series of musical notes which sound like: *wheeta wheeta whee-tee-oh*, for which a common mnemonic is "The red, the red T-shirt" or "Come to the woods or you won't see me". The call of these birds is a loud *chip*.

## Life history

These birds feed on [insects](/source/Insect), which are often found in low vegetation or caught by [flycatching](/source/Hawking_(birds)). Hooded warblers' breeding habitats are broadleaved woodlands with dense undergrowth. These birds nest in low areas of a bush, laying three to five eggs in a [cup-shaped nest](/source/Cup_nest). Hooded warblers are often the victims of [brood parasitism](/source/Brood_parasite) by the [brown-headed cowbird](/source/Brown-headed_cowbird), especially where the hooded warblers' forest habitats are [fragmented](/source/Forest_fragmentation). In areas with protected woodlands or recovering wooded habitats, the hooded warbler population is stable and possibly increasing.[13]

## Gallery

		- South Padre Island Birding & Nature Center - Texas

		- 1st yr female - South Padre Island Birding & Nature Center - Texas

		- Female on nest

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-iucn_status_1-0)** BirdLife International (2021). ["*Setophaga citrina*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22721876/137314200). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2021** e.T22721876A137314200. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22721876A137314200.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22721876A137314200.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Lovette, I. J.; et al. (2010). "A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **57** (2): 753–770. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010MolPE..57..753L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010MolPE..57..753L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.07.018). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20696258](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20696258).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Chesser, R. T.; et al. (2011). ["Fifty-Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds"](http://www.aou.org/auk/content/128/3/0600-0613.pdf) (PDF). *Auk*. **128** (3): 600–613. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011Auk...128..600C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Auk...128..600C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600](https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fauk.2011.128.3.600). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [13691956](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13691956).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IOC_4-0)** ["Family Parulidae"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201149/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-finches.html). *IOC World Bird List*. Archived from [the original](http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-finches.html) on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de](/source/Georges-Louis_Leclerc%2C_Comte_de_Buffon) (1779). ["Le gobe-mouche citrin de la Louisiane"](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42286841). *Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux* (in French). Vol. 8. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 336.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de](/source/Georges-Louis_Leclerc%2C_Comte_de_Buffon); [Martinet, François-Nicolas](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Martinet); [Daubenton, Edme-Louis](/source/Edme-Louis_Daubenton); [Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie](/source/Louis-Jean-Marie_Daubenton) (1765–1783). ["Gobe-mouche, de la Louisiane"](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35219157). *Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle*. Vol. 7. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 666 Fig. 2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Boddaert, Pieter](/source/Pieter_Boddaert) (1783). [*Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton: avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés*](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27822661) (in French). Utrecht. p. 41, Number 666 Fig. 2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). [*Check-list of Birds of the World*](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481251). Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 50.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-lovette2010_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-lovette2010_9-1) Lovette, I.J.; Pérez-Emán, J.L.; Sullivan, J.P.; Banks, R.C.; Fiorentino, I.; Córdoba-Córdoba, S.; Echeverry-Galvis, M.; Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Bermingham, E. (2010). ["A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45582717). *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **57** (2): 753–770. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010MolPE..57..753L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010MolPE..57..753L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.07.018). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20696258](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20696258).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ioc_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ioc_10-1) [Gill, Frank](/source/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)); Donsker, David, eds. (2019). ["New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers"](https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/warblers/). *IOC World Bird List Version 9.2*. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 September 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [Swainson, William](/source/William_Swainson) (1827). ["A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun"](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15530378). *Philosophical Magazine*. New Series. **1**: 364–369 [368]. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14786442708674330](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786442708674330).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-job_12-0)** Jobling, James A. (2010). [*The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names*](https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling). London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. [110](https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n110), 355. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4081-2501-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cornell_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cornell_13-1) ["Hooded Warbler"](http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Warbler/lifehistory). *All About Birds*. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Hooded Warbler Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Warbler/id). *www.allaboutbirds.org*. Retrieved 2020-09-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Burns, Frank L. (1898). ["Hooded Warbler"](http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v010n05/p0070-p0070.pdf) (PDF). *[Wilson Bulletin](/source/Wilson_Bulletin)*. **10** (5): 70.

## External links

[Wikispecies](/source/Wikispecies) has information related to ***[Setophaga citrina](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Setophaga_citrina)***.

- [Hooded warbler species account](https://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Hooded_Warbler.html) – Cornell Lab of Ornithology

- [Hooded warbler – *Wilsonia citrina*](https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6840id.html) – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

- [Stamps](https://web.archive.org/web/20001025163558/http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/19906700.htm) (for [Cuba](/source/Cuba), [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](/source/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines)) with Range Map at bird-stamps.org

- ["Hooded warbler media"](https://www.hbw.com/ibc/species/hooded-warbler-wilsonia-citrina). *[Internet Bird Collection](/source/Internet_Bird_Collection)*.

- [Hooded warbler photo gallery](https://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=hooded+warbler&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24) at VIREO (Drexel University)

- [Hooded warbler bird sound](http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/index.php/download_file/view/1346/724/) at Florida Museum of Natural History

- [Hooded warbler species account](https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/hoowar/overview) at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)

Taxon identifiers Setophaga citrina Wikidata: Q27075904 Wikispecies: Setophaga citrina ABA: hoowar ADW: Wilsonia_citrina Avibase: 15EB30007E1908FD BirdLife: 22721876 BOLD: 670039 BOW: hoowar CoL: 4X3BL eBird: hoowar GBIF: 6093374 GNAB: hooded-warbler iNaturalist: 145229 ITIS: 950029 IUCN: 22721876 NatureServe: 2.105404 NBN: NHMSYS0021003276 NCBI: 1316271 Neotropical: hoowar Observation.org: 262105 Open Tree of Life: 3597211 Xeno-canto: Setophaga-citrina Muscicapa citrina Wikidata: Q28465060 GBIF: 8841472

Authority control databases National Israel Other Yale LUX

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hooded warbler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_warbler) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_warbler?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.