# Homorganic consonant > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Homorganic_consonant > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Homorganic_consonant.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homorganic_consonant > Source revision: 1351467297 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Consonant sound articulated in the same place of articulation as another}} thumb|250px|Places of articulation (passive & active):
1. Exo-labial, 2. Endo-labial, 3. Dental, 4. Alveolar, 5. Post-alveolar, 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal, 12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero-dorsal, 15. Antero-dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18. Sub-apical|class=skin-invert-image In [phonetics](/source/phonetics), '''homorganic consonants''' (from [Latin](/source/Latin) {{lang|la|homo-}} {{gloss|same}} and {{lang|la|organ}} {{gloss|[speech] organ}}) are [consonant](/source/consonant) sounds that are articulated in the same [place of articulation](/source/place_of_articulation) as one another. For example, {{IPAblink|p}}, {{IPAblink|b}} and {{IPAblink|m}} are homorganic consonants of one another since they share the [bilabial](/source/Bilabial_consonant) place of articulation. Consonants that are not articulated in the same place are called '''heterorganic'''. ==Articulatory position== Descriptive phonetic classification relies on the relationships between a number of technical terms that describe the way sounds are made; and one of the relevant elements involves that place at which a specific sound is formed and voiced.Laver, John. (2003).[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl8LDiR11nYC&dq=articulatory+position&pg=PA172 "Linguistic Phonetics," in ''The Handbook of Linguistics,'' pp. 164]-178. In [articulatory phonetics](/source/articulatory_phonetics), the specific "place of articulation" or "point of articulation" of a [consonant](/source/consonant) is that point of contact where an [obstruction](/source/airway_obstruction) occurs in the [vocal tract](/source/vocal_tract) between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth). Along with the [manner of articulation](/source/manner_of_articulation) and [phonation](/source/phonation), this gives the consonant its distinctive sound. ===Similar articulatory position=== Consonants that have a similar or the same place of articulation, such as the alveolar sounds (n, t, d, s, z, l) in [English](/source/English_language), are said to be homorganic. ==Homorganic nasal rule== A homorganic nasal rule is the {{Clarify|date=September 2022|reason= Weird sentence formation |text=point of articulation of the initial sound being assimilated by the last sound in a prefix}}. An example of the rule is found in [Yoruba](/source/Yoruba_language) in which {{lang|yo|ba}} {{gloss|meet}} becomes {{lang|yo|mba}} {{gloss|is meeting}}, and {{lang|yo|sun}} {{gloss|sleep}} becomes {{lang|yo|nsun}} {{gloss|is sleeping}}. ==Consonant clustering== Two or more consonant sounds may appear sequentially linked or clustered as either identical consonants or homorganic consonants that differ slightly in the manner of articulation, as when the first consonant is a [fricative](/source/fricative) and the second is a [stop](/source/stop_consonant).[Ravid, Dorit Diskin](/source/Dorit_Ravid) '' et al.'' (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-tkzIMxWrKsC&dq=homorganic+consonants&pg=PA55 ''Perspectives on Language and Language Development,'' p. 55.] In some languages, a syllable-initial homorganic sequence of a stop and a nasal is quite uncontroversially treated as a sequence of two separate segments; and the separate status of the stop and the nasal is quite clear. In [Russian](/source/Russian_language), the stop + nasal sequences are just one of the possible types amongst many different syllable-initial consonant sequences that occur.Ladefoged, Peter ''et al.'' (1996). [https://books.google.com/books?id=h1byJz_rWUcC&q=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&pg=PA128 ''The Sounds of the World's Languages,'' p. 128.] In English, nasal + stop sequences within a [morpheme](/source/morpheme) must be homorganic.Ladefoged, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h1byJz_rWUcC&q=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&pg=PA119 p. 119.] ===Consonant length=== In languages as diverse as [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language), [Tamil](/source/Tamil_language) and [Icelandic](/source/Icelandic_language), there is a phonological contrast between long and short consonants,Ladefoged, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h1byJz_rWUcC&q=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&pg=PA92 p. 92.] which are distinguishable from consonant clusters. In [phonetics](/source/phonetics), [gemination](/source/gemination) happens when a spoken [consonant](/source/consonant) is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short [consonant](/source/consonant). Consonant length is distinctive in some languages. In [Japanese](/source/Japanese_language), for example, 来た (kita) means 'came; arrived', while 切った (kitta) means 'cut; sliced'. The romanization or [transliteration](/source/transliteration) of the sound of each Japanese word produces the misleading impression of a doubled consonant. ==See also== *[Hepburn romanization](/source/Hepburn_romanization) *[List of phonetics topics](/source/List_of_phonetics_topics) *[Manner of articulation](/source/Manner_of_articulation) *[Relative articulation](/source/Relative_articulation) *[Ƞ](/source/%C8%A0) ==Notes== {{reflist|2}} ==References== * Aronoff, Mark and Janie Rees-Miller. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rl8LDiR11nYC ''The Handbook of Linguistics.''] Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-0252-0}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/185384910 OCLC 185384910] *{{SOWL}} * Ravid, Dorit Diskin, Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot and Ruth Aronson Berman. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-tkzIMxWrKsC ''Perspectives on Language and Language Development: Essays in Honor of Ruth A. Berman.''] Dordrecht: Springer (Kulwer Academic). {{ISBN|978-1-4020-7903-0}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/55220212 OCLC 55220212] ==External links== *[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html Interactive places and manners of articulation] Category:Consonants --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Homorganic consonant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homorganic_consonant) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homorganic_consonant?action=history)). 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