# Homolobus

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***Homolobus*** is a genus of [insects](/source/Insects) belonging to the family [Braconidae](/source/Braconidae).[1]

## Description and identification

*Homolobus* are moderate to large braconids with a body length ranging from 4.4 to 14.6 mm. They have long tibial spurs like the [Macrocentrinae](/source/Macrocentrinae) but differ in having an occipital carina and shorter, nearly square submarginal cell. The ovipositor is usually very short and hardly extending beyond the apex of the gaster except in species like *[Homolobus armatus](/source/Homolobus_armatus)*, wherein the ovipositor is 0.77 times the length of the forewing. Many species are testaceous and have large ocelli.[1]

They are separated from the allied *Exasticolus* in having vein (Rs+M)a straight rather than curved.[1]

## Distribution

The genus has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/Cosmopolitan_distribution).[1]

## Behavior

*Homolobus* are endoparasitoids of caterpillars, particularly of the families [Noctuidae](/source/Noctuidae) and [Geometridae](/source/Geometridae).[1]

## Taxonomy and phylogeny

*Homolobus* is classified within the tribe Homolobini along with *Exasticolus*. The tribe Homolobini is sister to Westwoodiellini, containing only *Westwoodiella*. The two tribes Homolobini and Westwoodiellini comprise the subfamily Homolobinae.[2]

## Species

There are roughly 55 species of *Homolobus* divided into 5 subgenera:[3]

- *[Homolobus pallidus](/source/Homolobus_pallidus)* [4]
- *[Homolobus sungkangensis](/source/Homolobus_sungkangensis)* Chou & Hsu, 1995[5]

### Subgenus *Homolobus (Apatia)* Enderlein, 1918

- *[Homolobus australiensis](/source/Homolobus_australiensis)* (Nixon, 1938)[1]
- *[Homolobus albipalpis](/source/Homolobus_albipalpis)* (Granger, 1949)[1]
- *[Homolobus alternipes](/source/Homolobus_alternipes)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus arabicus](/source/Homolobus_arabicus)* Ghramh, 2012[6]
- *[Homolobus elagabalus](/source/Homolobus_elagabalus)* (Nixon, 1938)[1]
- *[Homolobus huddlestoni](/source/Homolobus_huddlestoni)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus indicus](/source/Homolobus_indicus)* Ahmad & Shuja-Uddin, 2001[7]
- *[Homolobus lacteiceps](/source/Homolobus_lacteiceps)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus madeirensis](/source/Homolobus_madeirensis)* van Achterberg & Aguiar, 2009[8]
- *[Homolobus maculatus](/source/Homolobus_maculatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus ophioninus](/source/Homolobus_ophioninus)* (Vachal, 1907)[1]
- *[Homolobus palidistigmus](/source/Homolobus_palidistigmus)* (Cameron, 1911)[1]
- *[Homolobus priapus](/source/Homolobus_priapus)* (Nixon, 1938)[1]
- *[Homolobus pulchricornis](/source/Homolobus_pulchricornis)* (Nixon, 1938)[1]
- *[Homolobus rufithorax](/source/Homolobus_rufithorax)* (Granger, 1949)[1]
- *[Homolobus truncatoides](/source/Homolobus_truncatoides)* van Achterberg, 1979[9]
- *[Homolobus truncator](/source/Homolobus_truncator)* (Say, 1828)[10]

### Subgenus *Homolobus (Chartolobus)* van Achterberg, 1979

- *[Homolobus infumator](/source/Homolobus_infumator)* (Lyle, 1914)[10]
- *[Homolobus nigritarsis](/source/Homolobus_nigritarsis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus stevestroudi](/source/Homolobus_stevestroudi)* Sharkey, 2009[11]
- *[Homolobus undulatus](/source/Homolobus_undulatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]

### Subgenus *Homolobus (Homolobus)* Förster, 1862

- *[Homolobus cingulatus](/source/Homolobus_cingulatus)* (Granger, 1949)[1]
- *[Homolobus discolor](/source/Homolobus_discolor)* (Wesmael, 1835)[10]
- *[Homolobus dauricus](/source/Homolobus_dauricus)* Shestakov, 1940[1]
- *[Homolobus ethiopicus](/source/Homolobus_ethiopicus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus inopinus](/source/Homolobus_inopinus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus luteifasciatus](/source/Homolobus_luteifasciatus)* Mateo, 1982[12]
- *[Homolobus rufiventralis](/source/Homolobus_rufiventralis)* Mateo, 1982[12]
- *[Homolobus rugosus](/source/Homolobus_rugosus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus simplex](/source/Homolobus_simplex)* (Watanabe, 1932)[1]
- *[Homolobus sinensis](/source/Homolobus_sinensis)* Chen,1991[13]

### Subgenus *Homolobus (Oulophus)* van Achterberg, 1979

- *[Homolobus acares](/source/Homolobus_acares)* van Achterberg, 1979[2]
- *[Homolobus annulatus](/source/Homolobus_annulatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[9]
- *[Homolobus antefurcalis](/source/Homolobus_antefurcalis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus armatus](/source/Homolobus_armatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus bicolor](/source/Homolobus_bicolor)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus bohemani](/source/Homolobus_bohemani)* (Bengtsson, 1918)[10]
- *[Homolobus carbonator](/source/Homolobus_carbonator)* (Shestakov, 1940)[10]
- *[Homolobus crenulatus](/source/Homolobus_crenulatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus flagitator](/source/Homolobus_flagitator)* (Curtis, 1837)[10]
- *[Homolobus fuscinervis](/source/Homolobus_fuscinervis)* van Achterberg & Shaw, 2009 [14]
- *[Homolobus hirashimai](/source/Homolobus_hirashimai)* Maeto, 1982[2]
- *[Homolobus intermedius](/source/Homolobus_intermedius)* van Achterberg, 1992[2]
- *[Homolobus macropterus](/source/Homolobus_macropterus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus mesoxiphius](/source/Homolobus_mesoxiphius)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus nepalensis](/source/Homolobus_nepalensis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus nipponensis](/source/Homolobus_nipponensis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus obscurus](/source/Homolobus_obscurus)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus occidentalis](/source/Homolobus_occidentalis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]
- *[Homolobus rectinervis](/source/Homolobus_rectinervis)* van Achterberg, 1979[1]

### Subgenus *Homolobus (Phylacter)* Reinhard, 1863

- *[Homolobus annulicornis](/source/Homolobus_annulicornis)* (Nees, 1834)[10]
- *[Homolobus bifurcatus](/source/Homolobus_bifurcatus)* van Achterberg, 1979[2]
- *[Homolobus kahonoi](/source/Homolobus_kahonoi)* van Achterberg, 1992[2]
- *[Homolobus meridionalis](/source/Homolobus_meridionalis)* van Achterberg, 1979[10]

### Subgenus *[incertae sedis](/source/Incertae_sedis)*

- †*[Homolobus rasnitsyni](/source/Homolobus_rasnitsyni)* Belokobylskij, 2014[15]

## References

1. van Achterberg, Cornelis (1979). ["A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/66354). *voor Entomologie*. **112** (7): 241-479. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. van Achterberg, Cornelis (1992). ["Revisionary notes on the subfamily Homolobinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254893125). *Zoologische Mededelingen*. **66** (25): 359-368. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. Farahani, Samira; Talebi, Ali Asghar; Rakhshani, Ehsan; van Achterberg, Cornelis (2012). "First record of *Homolobus infumator* (Lyle, 1914) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Homolobinae) from Iran". *Check List*. **8** (6): 1350-1352. [doi:10.15560/8.6.1350](https://doi.org/10.15560/8.6.1350)

1. ["*Homolobus pallidus*"](https://boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=212871). *BOLD Systems*. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. Chou, L.Y. & Hsu, T.C. (1995). "The Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Taiwan VI. Charmontinae, Homolobinae and Xiphozelinae". *Journal of Agricultural Research of China*. **44** (3): 357-378.

1. Ghramh, Hamed (2012). "Record of the genus *Homolobus* Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with description of a new species from Saudi Arabia". *Trends in Biosciences*. **5** (3): 6-7.

1. Ahmad, Zubair & Shuja-Uddin (2001). "A New species of the genus *Homolobus* Foerster (Homolobinae: Braconidae: Hymenoptera) from India". *Shashpa*. **8** (2): 99-101.

1. van Achterberg, Cornelis & Aguiar, Franquinho (2009). ["Additions to the fauna of Braconidae from Madeira and Selvagens Islands, with the description of five new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Homolobinae, Alysiinae, Opiinae)"](https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/315871/ZM83_0777-0798_Achterberg-Aguiar.pdf). *Zoologische mededelingen, Leiden*. **83**: 777-797. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. Mateo, Kaoru (1982). "The genus *Homolobus* Foerster of Japan. II. Subgenera *Chartolobus*, *Apatia*, *Phylacter* and *Oulophus*". *Kontyu*. **50** (2): 314-323.

1. Shaw, Mark R. (2010). ["Palaearctic Homolobinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the National Museums of Scotland, with host and distribution records and a key to British species"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296538958). *Entomologist's Gazette*. **61** (1): 43-51. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. Sharkey, Michael J.; Baker, Austin; McCluskey, Kathryn; Smith, Alex; Naik, Suresh; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan; Manjunath, Ramya; Perez, Kate; Sones, Jayme; D'Souza, Michelle; Jacques, Brianne St.; Hebert, Paul; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel (2021-12-07). "Addendum to a minimalist revision of Costa Rican Braconidae: 28 new species and 23 host records". *ZooKeys*. '***(1075): 77–136. [Bibcode:2021ZooK.1075...77S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ZooK.1075...77S). [doi:10.3897/zookeys.1075.72197](https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1075.72197). [ISSN 1313-2970](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1313-2970). [PMC 8671719](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8671719). [PMID 35046752](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35046752)***

1. Mateo, Kaoru (1982). "The genus *Homolobus* Foerster of Japan. I. Subgenus *Homolobus*". *Kontyu*. **50** (2): 314-323.

1. Chen, Xuexin (1991). ["A new species of the genus *Homolobus* Foerster from China, with a checklist of the Chinese species"](https://natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/1012432/EB1991051004002.pdf). *Ent. Ber., Amst.*. **51** (4): 47-49. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Scott R. (2009). ["A new species of the genus *Homolobus* Foerster from Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Homolobinae)"](https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/315877/ZM83_0805-0810_Achterberg-Shaw.pdf). *Zoologische mededelingen, Leiden*. **83**: 805-810. Retrieved 2025-07-03.

1. Antropov, Alexander V.; Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Compton, Stephen G.; Dlussky, Gennady M.; Khalaim, Andrey I.; Kolyada, Victor A.; Kozlov, Mikhail A.; Perfilieva, Ksenia S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. (2014). "The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespidae = Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK". *Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh*. **104**: 335-446. [doi:10.1017/S1755691014000103](https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691014000103)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Homolobus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolobus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolobus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.