# Hoketus > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hoketus > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hoketus.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoketus > Source revision: 1327152001 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Musical ensemble}} {{For|the musical effect|hocket}} {{More citations needed|date=May 2022}} '''Hoketus''' was an amplified musical ensemble founded by Dutch composer [Louis Andriessen](/source/Louis_Andriessen) in the Netherlands in 1976. The group was originally formed to perform Louis Andriessen's [minimal](/source/minimalist_music) composition ''Hoketus'', but remained together and began to perform music composed for the group by other composers (many of whom came from within the group's ranks). The group disbanded in 1987. The ensemble's instrumentation and overall artistic aesthetic was quite radical; it was made up of two equal groups of instruments (two pianos, two [Fender Rhodes electric pianos](/source/Rhodes_piano), two sets of [panpipes](/source/Pan_flute), two [saxophone](/source/saxophone)s, two [electric bass guitar](/source/Bass_guitar)s, and two percussionists). Hoketus considered itself a [collective](/source/collective) and set a number of rules for itself, rules so stringent that taken together they could be considered a manifesto.{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Nick |date=2015 |title=Hoketus: Of Hierarchy and Hiccups |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43928154 |journal=Tempo |volume=69 |issue=273 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1017/S004029821500008X |jstor=43928154 |issn=0040-2982|url-access=subscription }} The group always performed with amplification set at a high volume, the two groups of instruments situating themselves as far apart as possible from one another on stage. Personal expression was not permitted; melodies could only be built through the interlocking of single notes or chords, played in alternation between the groups using the [Medieval](/source/Medieval_music) technique of [hocket](/source/hocket) (hence the group's name). The group had an aesthetic bias toward works that were heavy, loud, dissonant, and brutal, showing influence from both [hard rock](/source/hard_rock) and the works of [Igor Stravinsky](/source/Igor_Stravinsky) (one of Andriessen's favorite composers). Besides Andriessen, other composers who wrote for Hoketus include [Diderik Wagenaar](/source/Diderik_Wagenaar), [Cornelis de Bondt](/source/Cornelis_de_Bondt), [Michael Nyman](/source/Michael_Nyman), [Huib Emmer](/source/Huib_Emmer), [Cees van Zeeland](/source/Cees_van_Zeeland), [Klas Torstensson](/source/Klas_Torstensson), and [Gene Carl](/source/Gene_Carl). An ensemble of similar instrumentation called [Icebreaker](/source/Icebreaker_(band)) was formed in [York](/source/York), [England](/source/England) in 1989, and continues to perform works from the Hoketus repertoire. {{Louis Andriessen}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * Louis Andriessen – De Staat / Il Principe / Il Duce / Hoketus, Composers' Voice – CV 7702 1977 [https://www.discogs.com/release/1951809-Louis-Andriessen-De-Staat-Il-Principe-Il-Duce-Hoketus] * Hoketus, Louis Andriessen, Fréderic Rzewski* – Hoketus / Coming Together, Hoketus – 001, Hoketus – 6814 090 1980 [https://www.discogs.com/release/3104848-Hoketus-Louis-Andriessen-Fr%C3%A9deric-Rzewski-Hoketus-Coming-Together] * Diderik Wagenaar, Cornelis De Bondt – Tam Tam / Bint Composers' Voice – CV 8101 1981 [https://www.discogs.com/release/1879297-Hoketus-Diderik-Wagenaar-Cornelis-De-Bondt-Tam-Tam-Bint] * Balans Composers' Voice – CVS 1986/2 1986 [https://www.discogs.com/release/1675219-Hoketus-Balans] * Bang on a Can Industry "SK66483" {{Authority control}} Category:Contemporary classical music ensembles Category:Dutch musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 1976 Category:1976 establishments in the Netherlands --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hoketus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoketus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoketus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.