# Hexapodidae

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{{Short description|Family of crabs}}
{{For|the six-legged octopus|Henry the Hexapus}}
{{distinguish|Hexapoda}}
{{automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|Paleocene|Recent}}
| parent_authority = [Miers](/source/Edward_J._Miers), 1886&nbsp;<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal|journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology) |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref>
| taxon = Hexapodidae
| image = Hexapodidae_(MNHN-IU-2013-1704).jpeg
| display_parents = 2
| authority = Miers, 1886&nbsp;<ref name="Grave"/>
| type_genus=''[Hexapus](/source/Hexapus)''
| type_genus_authority = [De Haan](/source/Wilhem_de_Haan), 1833
| subdivision_ranks = [Genera](/source/Genus)
| subdivision =
See text
}}

'''Hexapodidae''' is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [crab](/source/crab)s, the only family in the superfamily '''Hexapodoidea'''.<ref name="Grave"/> It has traditionally been treated as a [subfamily](/source/subfamily) of the family [Goneplacidae](/source/Goneplacidae),<ref>{{cite journal |title=Crabs of the family Hexapodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) from taiwan, with description of a new genus and new species |author1=Jung-Fu Huang |author2=Pan-Wen Hsueh |author3=Peter K. L. Ng |journal=[Journal of Crustacean Biology](/source/Journal_of_Crustacean_Biology) |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=651–660 |year=2002 |url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/17381/17381.pdf |doi=10.1163/20021975-99990277|doi-access=free }}</ref> and was originally described as a subfamily of [Pinnotheridae](/source/Pinnotheridae).{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}}  Its members can be distinguished from all other true crabs by the reduction of the [thorax](/source/thorax), such that only seven [sternite](/source/sternite)s are exposed, and only four pairs of [pereiopod](/source/pereiopod)s are present.<ref name="S&F">{{cite journal |title=Differentiation of the fossil Hexapodidae Miers, 1886 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from similar forms |author1=Carrie E. Schweitzer |author2=Rodney M. Feldmann |journal=[Journal of Paleontology](/source/Journal_of_Paleontology) |volume=75 |issue=2 |year=2001 |pages=330–345 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0330:DOTFHM>2.0.CO;2 |url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/10789/10789.pdf}}</ref> Not counting the enlarged pair of [claw](/source/claw)s, this leaves only six walking legs, from which the type genus ''Hexapus'', and therefore the whole family, takes its name. Some [anomura](/source/anomura)n "crabs", such as [porcelain crab](/source/porcelain_crab)s and [king crab](/source/king_crab)s also have only four visible pairs of legs. With the exception of ''[Stevea williamsi](/source/Stevea_williamsi)'', from [Mexico](/source/Mexico), all the extant members are found either in the [Indo-Pacific](/source/Indo-Pacific) oceans, or around the coast of [Africa](/source/Africa).<ref name="S&F"/>

==Fossil record==
In addition to the extant taxa, the family contains two genera known only from fossils – ''[Goniocypoda](/source/Goniocypoda)'' and ''[Palaeopinnixa](/source/Palaeopinnixa)'' – and two further genera include both living and fossil representatives: ''[Hexapus](/source/Hexapus)'' and ''[Stevea](/source/Stevea)''.<ref name="Grave"/> The family's fossil record extents back certainly as far as the [Paleocene](/source/Paleocene), with unverified reports of a species in the [Maastrichtian](/source/Maastrichtian) of [Senegal](/source/Senegal).<ref name="S&F"/>

==Genera==
The following are the [genera](/source/genus) included under Hexapodidae:<ref name="S&F"/><ref name="rahayu2014">{{cite journal|author1=Dwi Listyo Rahayu|author2=Peter K. L. Ng|year=2014|title=New genera and new species of Hexapodidae (Crustacea, Brachyura) from the Indo-West Pacific and east Atlantic|journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology)|volume=62|pages=396&ndash;483|url=http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/data/raffles_bulletin_of_zoology/zoology_volume_62/62rbz396-483.pdf|access-date=2014-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215214051/http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/data/raffles_bulletin_of_zoology/zoology_volume_62/62rbz396-483.pdf|archive-date=2014-12-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="angeli">{{cite journal|author1=Antonio De Angeli |author2=Danièlle Guinot |author3=Alessandro Garassino |year=2010|title=New hexapodid crabs from the Eocene of Vicenza (NE Italy) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Hexapodidae)|journal=Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano|volume=151|issue=1|pages=51&ndash;75|url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/31623/31623.pdf}}</ref>
:<small>Genera marked with {{extinct}} are [extinct](/source/extinct)</small>
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{Extinct}}''[Bellhexapus](/source/Bellhexapus)'' <small>De Angeli, Guinot, & Garassino, 2010</small>
*{{Extinct}}''[Eohexapus](/source/Eohexapus)'' <small>De Angeli, Guinot, & Garassino, 2010</small>
*{{Extinct}}''[Eurohexapus](/source/Eurohexapus)'' <small>De Angeli, Guinot, & Garassino, 2010</small>
*{{Extinct}}''[Globihexapus](/source/Globihexapus)'' <small>Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2001</small>
*{{Extinct}}''[Goniocypoda](/source/Goniocypoda)'' <small>Woodward, 1867</small>
*''[Hexalaughlia](/source/Hexalaughlia)'' <small>Guinot, 2006</small>
*''[Hexapinus](/source/Hexapinus)'' <small>Manning & Holthuis, 1981</small>
*''[Hexaplax](/source/Hexaplax)'' <small>Doflein, 1904</small>
*''[Hexapus](/source/Hexapus)'' <small>De Haan, 1833</small>
*''[Mariaplax](/source/Mariaplax)'' <small>Rahayu & Ng, 2014</small> 
*''[Lambdophallus](/source/Lambdophallus)'' <small>Alcock, 1900</small>
*''[Latohexapus](/source/Latohexapus)'' <small>Huang, Hsueh, & Ng, 2002</small>
*''[Paeduma](/source/Paeduma)'' <small>Rathbun, 1897</small>
*{{Extinct}}''[Palaeopinnixa](/source/Palaeopinnixa)'' <small>Via, 1966</small>
*''[Parahexapus](/source/Parahexapus)'' <small>Balss, 1922</small>
*''[Pseudohexapus](/source/Pseudohexapus)'' <small>Monod, 1956</small>
*''[Rayapinus](/source/Rayapinus)'' <small>Rahayu & Ng, 2014</small> 
*''[Spiroplax](/source/Spiroplax)'' <small>Manning & Holthuis, 1981</small>
*''[Stevea](/source/Stevea)'' <small>Manning & Holthuis, 1981</small>
*''[Thaumastoplax](/source/Thaumastoplax)'' <small>Miers, 1881</small>
*''[Theoxapus](/source/Theoxapus)'' <small>Rahayu & Ng, 2014</small> 
*''[Tritoplax](/source/Tritoplax)'' <small>Manning & Holthuis, 1981</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

{{Brachyura}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1061024}}

Category:Eubrachyura
Category:Extant Paleocene first appearances
Category:Taxa named by Edward J. Miers
Category:Decapod families

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hexapodidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.