# Heteroconchia

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**Heteroconchia** is a [taxonomic](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) infraclass of diverse [bivalve](/source/Bivalve) [molluscs](/source/Mollusc), belonging to the subclass [Autobranchia](/source/Autobranchia).[1]

This infraclass includes the [cockles](/source/Cockle_(bivalve)), [Venus clams](/source/Venus_clams),[1] the [freshwater mussels](/source/Unionida), [brooch clams](/source/Palaeoheterodonta), as well as Heterodonta and Archiheterodonta.[2]

## Description

These bivalves are distinguished by having the two halves of the [shell](/source/Bivalve_shell) equally sized (i.e., they are *equivalved*) and having a few [cardinal teeth](/source/Hinge_teeth) separated from a number of long [lateral teeth](/source/Hinge_teeth). Their shells lack a [nacreous](/source/Nacre) layer, and the gills are [lamellibranch](/source/Lamellibranch) in form. Most species have a [siphon](/source/Siphon_(mollusc)).[3]

## Orders and families

The following tree is their info which has been updated with the latest information from the [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species):[1]

**Infraclass: Heteroconchia**

- Unclassified family: †[Lipanellidae](/source/Lipanellidae)
- **Subterclass: Archiheterodonta**[4][5] - **Order: †[Actinodontida](/source/Actinodontida)**[6] - Superfamily: †[Amnigenioidea](/source/Amnigenioidea) - Family: †[Amnigeniidae](/source/Amnigeniidae) - Family: †[Montanariidae](/source/Montanariidae) - Family: †[Zadimerodiidae](/source/Zadimerodiidae) - Superfamily: †[Anodontopsoidea](/source/Anodontopsoidea) - Family: †[Actinodontidae](/source/Actinodontidae_(bivalve)) - Family: †[Anodontopsidae](/source/Anodontopsidae) - Family: †[Baidiostracidae](/source/Baidiostracidae) - Family: †[Cycloconchidae](/source/Cycloconchidae) - Family: †[Intihuarellidae](/source/Intihuarellidae) - Family: †[Redoniidae](/source/Redoniidae)[7] - Superfamily: †[Nyassoidea](/source/Nyassoidea) - Family: †[Nyassidae](/source/Nyassidae) - Superfamily: †[Oriocrassatelloidea](/source/Oriocrassatelloidea) - Family: †[Crassatellopsidae](/source/Crassatellopsidae) - Family: †[Oriocrassatellidae](/source/Oriocrassatellidae) - Superfamily: †[Palaeomuteloidea](/source/Palaeomuteloidea) - Family: †[Palaeomutelidae](/source/Palaeomutelidae) - **Order: [Carditida](/source/Carditida)**[8] - Unclassified family: †[Archaeocardiidae](/source/Archaeocardiidae) - Unclassified family: †[Eodonidae](/source/Eodonidae) - Superfamily: [Carditoidea](/source/Carditoidea) - Family: †[Cardiniidae](/source/Cardiniidae) - Family: [Carditidae](/source/Carditidae) - Family: [Condylocardiidae](/source/Condylocardiidae) - Superfamily: [Crassatelloidea](/source/Crassatelloidea) - Family: †[Aenigmoconchidae](/source/Aenigmoconchidae) - Family: [Astartidae](/source/Astartidae) - Family: [Crassatellidae](/source/Crassatellidae) - Family: †[Myophoricardiidae](/source/Myophoricardiidae)
- **Subterclass: [Euheterodonta](/source/Euheterodonta)[9]** - Unassigned Euheterodonta[10] - Superfamily: †[Babinkoidea](/source/Babinkoidea) - Superfamily: †[Orthonotoidea](/source/Orthonotoidea) - **Superorder: [Anomalodesmata](/source/Anomalodesmata)**[11] - Superfamily: [Clavagelloidea](/source/Clavagelloidea) - Family: [Clavagellidae](/source/Clavagellidae) - Family: [Penicillidae](/source/Penicillidae) - Superfamily: [Cuspidarioidea](/source/Cuspidarioidea) - Family: [Cuspidariidae](/source/Cuspidariidae) - Family: [Halonymphidae](/source/Halonymphidae) - Family: [Protocuspidariidae](/source/Protocuspidariidae) - Family: [Spheniopsidae](/source/Spheniopsidae) - Superfamily: [Myochamoidea](/source/Myochamoidea) - Family: [Cleidothaeridae](/source/Cleidothaeridae) - Family: [Myochamidae](/source/Myochamidae) - Superfamily: [Pandoroidea](/source/Pandoroidea) - Family: [Lyonsiidae](/source/Lyonsiidae) - Family: [Pandoridae](/source/Pandoridae) - Superfamily: [Pholadomyoidea](/source/Pholadomyoidea) - Family: †[Arenigomyidae](/source/Arenigomyidae) - Family: †[Margaritariidae](/source/Margaritariidae) - Family: [Parilimyidae](/source/Parilimyidae) - Family: [Pholadomyidae](/source/Pholadomyidae) - Family: †[Ucumariidae](/source/Ucumariidae) - Superfamily: [Poromyoidea](/source/Poromyoidea) - Family: [Cetoconchidae](/source/Cetoconchidae) - Family: [Poromyidae](/source/Poromyidae) - Superfamily: [Thracioidea](/source/Thracioidea) - Family: †[Burmesiidae](/source/Burmesiidae) - Family: [Clistoconchidae](/source/Clistoconchidae) - Family: [Laternulidae](/source/Laternulidae) - Family: [Periplomatidae](/source/Periplomatidae) - Family: [Thraciidae](/source/Thraciidae) - Superfamily: [Verticordioidea](/source/Verticordioidea) - Family: [Euciroidae](/source/Euciroidae) - Family: [Lyonsiellidae](/source/Lyonsiellidae) - Family: [Verticordiidae](/source/Verticordiidae) - **Superorder: [Imparidentia](/source/Imparidentia)**[12] - Unassigned Imparidentia - Unassigned Family: †[Palaeocarditidae](/source/Palaeocarditidae) - Superfamily: [Cyamioidea](/source/Cyamioidea) - Family: [Cyamiidae](/source/Cyamiidae) - Family: [Galatheavalvidae](/source/Galatheavalvidae) - Family: [Sportellidae](/source/Sportellidae) - Superfamily: [Gaimardioidea](/source/Gaimardioidea) - Family: [Gaimardiidae](/source/Gaimardiidae) - Superfamily: †[Grammysioidea](/source/Grammysioidea) - Family: †[Grammysiidae](/source/Grammysiidae) - Family: †[Sanguinolitidae](/source/Sanguinolitidae) - Superfamily: †[Kalenteroidea](/source/Kalenteroidea) - Family: †[Kalenteridae](/source/Kalenteridae) - **Order: [Adapedonta](/source/Adapedonta)**[13] - Superfamily: †[Edmondioidea](/source/Edmondioidea) - Family: †[Edmondiidae](/source/Edmondiidae) - Family: †[Pachydomidae](/source/Pachydomidae) - Superfamily: [Hiatelloidea](/source/Hiatelloidea) - Family: [Hiatellidae](/source/Hiatellidae) - Superfamily: [Solenoidea](/source/Solenoidea) - Family: [Pharidae](/source/Pharidae) - Family: [Solenidae](/source/Solenidae) - **Order: [Cardiida](/source/Cardiida)**[14] - Superfamily: [Cardioidea](/source/Cardioidea) - Family: [Cardiidae](/source/Cardiidae) - Family: †[Pterocardiidae](/source/Pterocardiidae) - Superfamily: [Tellinoidea](/source/Tellinoidea) - Family: [Donacidae](/source/Donacidae) - Family: †[Icanotiidae](/source/Icanotiidae) - Family: [Psammobiidae](/source/Psammobiidae) - Family: †[Quenstedtiidae](/source/Quenstedtiidae) - Family: [Semelidae](/source/Semelidae) - Family: [Solecurtidae](/source/Solecurtidae) - Family: †[Sowerbyidae](/source/Sowerbyidae) - Family: †[Tancrediidae](/source/Tancrediidae) - Family: [Tellinidae](/source/Tellinidae) - Family: †[Unicardiopsidae](/source/Unicardiopsidae) - **Order: [Galeommatida](/source/Galeommatida)**[15] - Superfamily: [Galeommatoidea](/source/Galeommatoidea) - Family: [Basterotiidae](/source/Basterotiidae) - Family: [Galeommatidae](/source/Galeommatidae) - Family: [Lasaeidae](/source/Lasaeidae) - **Order: [Gastrochaenida](/source/Gastrochaenida)**[16] - Superfamily: [Gastrochaenoidea](/source/Gastrochaenoidea) - Family: [Gastrochaenidae](/source/Gastrochaenidae) - **Order: †[Hippuritida](/source/Hippuritida) (rudists)**[17] - Suborder: †[Hippuritidina](/source/Hippuritidina) - Superfamily: †[Caprinoidea](/source/Caprinoidea) - Family: †[Antillocaprinidae](/source/Antillocaprinidae) - Family: †[Caprinidae](/source/Caprinidae) - Family: †[Caprinuloideidae](/source/Caprinuloideidae) - Family: †[Ichthyosarcolitidae](/source/Ichthyosarcolitidae) - Superfamily: †[Radiolitoidea](/source/Radiolitoidea) - Family: †[Caprinulidae](/source/Caprinulidae) - Family: †[Caprotinidae](/source/Caprotinidae) - Family: †[Diceratidae](/source/Diceratidae) - Family: †[Hippuritidae](/source/Hippuritidae) - Family: †[Monopleuridae](/source/Monopleuridae) - Family: †[Plagioptychidae](/source/Plagioptychidae) - Family: †[Polyconitidae](/source/Polyconitidae) - Family: †[Radiolitidae](/source/Radiolitidae) - Family: †[Trechmannellidae](/source/Trechmannellidae) - Suborder: †[Requieniidina](/source/Requieniidina) - Superfamily: †[Requienioidea](/source/Requienioidea) - Family: †[Epidiceratidae](/source/Epidiceratidae) - Family: †[Requieniidae](/source/Requieniidae) - **Order: [Lucinida](/source/Lucinida)**[18] - Superfamily: [Lucinoidea](/source/Lucinoidea) - Family: [Lucinidae](/source/Lucinidae) - Family: †[Mactromyidae](/source/Mactromyidae) - Family: †[Paracyclidae](/source/Paracyclidae) - Superfamily: [Thyasiroidea](/source/Thyasiroidea) - Family: [Thyasiridae](/source/Thyasiridae) - **Order: †[Megalodontida](/source/Megalodontida)**[19] - Superfamily: †[Mecynodontoidea](/source/Mecynodontoidea) - Family: †[Beichuaniidae](/source/Beichuaniidae) - Family: †[Congeriomorphidae](/source/Congeriomorphidae) - Family: †[Mecynodontidae](/source/Mecynodontidae) - Family: †[Plethocardiidae](/source/Plethocardiidae) - Family: †[Prosocoelidae](/source/Prosocoelidae) - Superfamily: †[Megalodontoidea](/source/Megalodontoidea) - Family: †[Ceratomyopsidae](/source/Ceratomyopsidae) - Family: †[Dicerocardiidae](/source/Dicerocardiidae) - Family: †[Megalodontidae](/source/Megalodontidae) - Family: †[Pachyrismatidae](/source/Pachyrismatidae) - Family: †[Wallowaconchidae](/source/Wallowaconchidae) - **Order: †[Modiomorphida](/source/Modiomorphida)**[20] - Superfamily: †[Modiomorphoidea](/source/Modiomorphoidea) - Family: †[Cypricardiniidae](/source/Cypricardiniidae) - Family: †[Hippopodiumidae](/source/Hippopodiumidae) - Family: †[Modiomorphidae](/source/Modiomorphidae) - Family: †[Palaeopharidae](/source/Palaeopharidae) - Family: †[Tusayanidae](/source/Tusayanidae) - **Order: [Myida](/source/Myida)**[21] - Superfamily: [Dreissenoidea](/source/Dreissenoidea) - Family: [Dreissenidae](/source/Dreissenidae) - Superfamily: [Myoidea](/source/Myoidea) - Family: [Corbulidae](/source/Corbulidae) - Family: [Myidae](/source/Myidae) - Family: †[Pleurodesmatidae](/source/Pleurodesmatidae) - Family: †[Raetomyidae](/source/Raetomyidae) - Superfamily: [Pholadoidea](/source/Pholadoidea) - Family: [Pholadidae](/source/Pholadidae) - Family: [Teredinidae](/source/Teredinidae) (shipworms) - Family: [Xylophagaidae](/source/Xylophagaidae) - Superfamily: †[Pleuromyoidea](/source/Pleuromyoidea) - Family: †[Ceratomyidae](/source/Ceratomyidae) - Family: †[Pleuromyidae](/source/Pleuromyidae) - Family: †[Vacunellidae](/source/Vacunellidae) - **Order: [Sphaeriida](/source/Sphaeriida)**[22] - Superfamily: [Sphaerioidea](/source/Sphaerioidea) - Family: †[Neomiodontidae](/source/Neomiodontidae) - Family: [Sphaeriidae](/source/Sphaeriidae) - **Order: [Venerida](/source/Venerida)**[23] - Superfamily: †[Anthracosioidea](/source/Anthracosioidea) - Family: †[Anthracosiidae](/source/Anthracosiidae) - Family: †[Ferganoconchida](/source/Ferganoconchida) - Family: †[Shaanxiconchidae](/source/Shaanxiconchidae) - Superfamily: [Arcticoidea](/source/Arcticoidea) - Family: [Arcticidae](/source/Arcticidae) - Family: †[Pollicidae](/source/Pollicidae) - Family: [Trapezidae](/source/Trapezidae) - Family: †[Veniellidae](/source/Veniellidae) - Superfamily: [Chamoidea](/source/Chamoidea) - Family: [Chamidae](/source/Chamidae) - Superfamily: [Cyrenoidea](/source/Cyrenoidea) - Family: [Cyrenidae](/source/Cyrenidae) - Family: [Cyrenoididae](/source/Cyrenoididae) - Family: [Glauconomidae](/source/Glauconomidae) - Superfamily: [Glossoidea](/source/Glossoidea) - Family: [Glossidae](/source/Glossidae) - Family: [Kelliellidae](/source/Kelliellidae) - Family: †[Lutetiidae](/source/Lutetiidae) - Family: [Vesicomyidae](/source/Vesicomyidae) - Superfamily: [Hemidonacoidea](/source/Hemidonacoidea) - Family: [Hemidonacidae](/source/Hemidonacidae) - Superfamily: [Mactroidea](/source/Mactroidea) - Family: [Anatinellidae](/source/Anatinellidae) - Family: [Cardiliidae](/source/Cardiliidae) - Family: [Mactridae](/source/Mactridae) - Family: [Mesodesmatidae](/source/Mesodesmatidae) - Superfamily: †[Palaeanodontoidea](/source/Palaeanodontoidea) - Family: †[Palaeanodontidae](/source/Palaeanodontidae) - Superfamily: †[Prilukielloidea](/source/Prilukielloidea) - Family: †[Prilukiellidae](/source/Prilukiellidae) - Family: †[Senderzoniellidae](/source/Senderzoniellidae) - Superfamily: [Ungulinoidea](/source/Ungulinoidea) - Family: [Ungulinidae](/source/Ungulinidae) - Superfamily: [Veneroidea](/source/Veneroidea) - Family: †[Isocyprinidae](/source/Isocyprinidae) - Family: [Neoleptonidae](/source/Neoleptonidae) - Family: [Veneridae](/source/Veneridae)
- **Subterclass: [Paleoheterodonta](/source/Paleoheterodonta)**[24] - Unassigned Family: [Lyrodesmatidae](/source/Lyrodesmatidae)[25] - Unassigned Family: [Pseudarcidae](/source/Pseudarcidae) - Unassigned Family: [Thoraliidae](/source/Thoraliidae) - **Order: Unionida** - Unassigned Genus [†Araripenaia](/source/%E2%80%A0Araripenaia) - Unassigned Family [†Pachycardiidae](/source/%E2%80%A0Pachycardiidae) - Superfamily [Etherioidea](/source/Etherioidea) - Superfamily [†Silesunionoidea](/source/%E2%80%A0Silesunionoidea) - Superfamily [†Tamesnelloidea](/source/%E2%80%A0Tamesnelloidea) - Superfamily [Unionoidea](/source/Unionoidea) - **Order: Trigoniida** - Superfamily †[Megatrigonioidea](/source/Megatrigonioidea) - Superfamily [Myophorelloidea](/source/Myophorelloidea) - Superfamily [Pseudocardinioidea](/source/Pseudocardinioidea) - Superfamily [Trigonioidea](/source/Trigonioidea) - Superfamily [Trigonioidoidea](/source/Trigonioidoidea) - Superfamily [Trigonodoidea](/source/Trigonodoidea)
- **Subterclass: Heterodonta**

## References

1. "Heteroconchia". 1424949. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

1. ["Molluscabase - Heteroconchia"](https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1424949). *www.molluscabase.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

1. Barnes, Robert D. (1982). *Invertebrate Zoology*. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

1. Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105–141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833261). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833268). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=869600). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=869601). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=869602). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1326015). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1326014). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833312). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833299). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833292). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1326016). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. ["Molluscabase - Palaeoheterodonta"](https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382253). *www.molluscabase.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †"](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833208). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Heteroconchia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroconchia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroconchia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.