# Heroini

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroini
> Source revision: 1285539247
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{{Short description|Tribe of cichlid fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Temporal range|48.6|0|refs=<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Maria C.|last1=Malabarba|first2=Luiz R.|last2=Malabarba|first3=Hernán|last3=López-Fernández|year=2014|title=On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=34|issue=1|pages=49–58|doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.830021}}</ref><ref name="Rican2013"/>|PS=[Early Eocene](/source/Ypresian)–[present](/source/Holocene)}}
| image = Jaguar cichlid (Parachromis managuensis), male, 2017.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Parachromis managuensis](/source/Parachromis_managuensis)''
| taxon = Heroini
| authority = [S. O. Kullander](/source/Sven_Oscar_Kullander), 1998
}}

'''Heroini''' is a fish [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) from the [Cichlasomatinae](/source/Cichlasomatinae) subfamily in the family [Cichlidae](/source/Cichlid) (cichlids). All cichlids native to the [Greater Antilles](/source/Greater_Antilles), [United States](/source/United_States) (southern [Texas](/source/Texas)), [Mexico](/source/Mexico) and northern [Central America](/source/Central_America) are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where the only non-Heroini cichlids are ''[Andinoacara](/source/Andinoacara)'' and ''[Geophagus](/source/Geophagus)'') and several species from [South America](/source/South_America) (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus ''[Cichlasoma](/source/Cichlasoma)'' (itself now placed in the tribe [Cichlasomatini](/source/Cichlasomatini)) but have since been moved to other genera.

In other classifications, the tribe Heroini is placed in the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Cichlinae](/source/Cichlinae).<ref name="Smith2008"/>

==Genera==
{{As of|2024}}, this tribe includes 46 valid genera and approximately 184 species:<ref name="Rican2016"/>

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''[Amatitlania](/source/Amatitlania)'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small>
* ''[Amphilophus](/source/Amphilophus)'' <small>([Agassiz](/source/Louis_Agassiz), 1859)</small>
* ''[Archocentrus](/source/Archocentrus)'' <small>([Gill](/source/Theodore_Gill), 1877)</small>
* ''[Astatheros](/source/Astatheros)'' <small>([Pellegrin](/source/Jacques_Pellegrin), 1904)</small>
* ''[Australoheros](/source/Australoheros)'' <small>(Říčan & [Kullander](/source/Sven_O._Kullander), 2006)</small>
* ''[Caquetaia](/source/Caquetaia)'' <small>([Fowler](/source/Henry_Weed_Fowler), 1945)</small>
* ''[Chiapaheros](/source/Chiapaheros)'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Chocoheros](/source/Chocoheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
* ''[Chortiheros](/source/Chortiheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
* ''[Chuco](/source/Chuco_(fish))'' <small>(Fernández-Yépez, 1969)</small>
* ''[Cincelichthys](/source/Cincelichthys)'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Cribroheros](/source/Cribroheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
* ''[Cryptoheros](/source/Cryptoheros)'' <small>(Allgayer, 2001)</small>
* ''[Darienheros](/source/Darienheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Novák, 2016)</small>
* ''[Herichthys](/source/Herichthys)'' <small>([Baird](/source/Spencer_Fullerton_Baird) & [Girard](/source/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Girard), 1854)</small>
* ''[Heroina](/source/Heroina_(fish))'' <small>(Kullander, 1996)</small>
* ''[Heros](/source/Heros_(fish))'' <small>([Heckel](/source/Johann_Jakob_Heckel), 1840)</small> 
* ''[Herotilapia](/source/Herotilapia)'' <small>(Pellegrin, 1904)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Hoplarchus](/source/Hoplarchus)'' <small>([Kaup](/source/Johann_Jakob_Kaup), 1860)</small>
* ''[Hypselecara](/source/Hypselecara)'' <small>(Kullander, 1986)</small>
* ''[Hypsophrys](/source/Hypsophrys)'' <small>(Agassiz, 1859)</small>
* ''[Isthmoheros](/source/Isthmoheros)'' <small>([Meek](/source/Seth_Eugene_Meek) & [Hildebrand](/source/Samuel_Frederick_Hildebrand), 1913)</small>
* ''[Kronoheros](/source/Turquoise_cichlid)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
* ''[Maskaheros](/source/Maskaheros)'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Mayaheros](/source/Mayaheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
* ''[Mesoheros](/source/Mesoheros)'' <small>(McMahan & [Chakrabarty](/source/Prosanta_Chakrabarty), 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Mesonauta](/source/Mesonauta)'' <small>([Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1867)</small>
* ''[Nandopsis](/source/Nandopsis)'' <small>(Gill, 1862)</small>
* ''[Neetroplus](/source/Neetroplus)'' <small>(Günther, 1867)</small>
* ''[Oscura](/source/Oscura)'' <small>(McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Panamius](/source/Panamius)'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small>
* ''[Parachromis](/source/Parachromis)'' <small>(Agassiz, 1859)</small>
* ''[Paraneetroplus](/source/Paraneetroplus)'' <small>([Regan](/source/Charles_Tate_Regan), 1905)</small>
* ''[Petenia](/source/Petenia)'' <small>(Günther, 1862)</small>
* ''[Pterophyllum](/source/Pterophyllum)'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small>
* ''[Rheoheros](/source/Rheoheros)'' <small>(McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Rocio](/source/Rocio)'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small>
* ''[Symphysodon](/source/Symphysodon)'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small>
* ''[Talamancaheros](/source/Talamancaheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Novák, 2016)</small>
* ''[Theraps](/source/Theraps)'' <small>(Günther, 1862)</small>
* ''[Thorichthys](/source/Thorichthys)'' <small>(Meek, 1904)</small>
* ''[Tomocichla](/source/Tomocichla)'' <small>(Regan, 1908)</small>
* ''[Trichromis](/source/Trichromis)'' <small>(McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Uaru](/source/Uaru)'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small>
* ''[Vieja](/source/Vieja)'' <small>(Fernández-Yépez, 1969)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/>
* ''[Wajpamheros](/source/Wajpamheros)'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small>
}}

===Genera of disputed validity===
* ''[Kihnichthys](/source/Kihnichthys)'' <small>(McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)</small><ref name=Mahan2015/> – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)<ref name="Rican2016"/> and Azas (2020)<ref name="Azas2020"/> to be a junior synonym of ''[Cincelichthys](/source/Cincelichthys)''.
* ''[Nosferatu](/source/Nosferatu_(fish))'' <small>([De la Maza-Benignos](/source/Mauricio_De_la_Maza-Benignos) ''et. al'', 2015)</small><ref name="De la Maza-Benignos2015"/> – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)<ref name="Rican2016"/> and [FishBase](/source/FishBase)<ref name="FishBase - Herichthys"/> to be an invalid synonym of ''[Herichthys](/source/Herichthys)''.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Azas2020">{{cite journal|last=Azas|first=Juan Miguel Artigas|date=October 2021|title=''Kihnichthys'', a junior synonym of ''Cincelichthys''|journal=Cichlid News Magazine|volume=29|edition=4|pages=10–12}}</ref> to be a junior synonym of ''[Cincelichthys](/source/Cincelichthys)''.

<ref name="De la Maza-Benignos2015">{{cite journal |author1=De la Maza-Benignos M. |author2=Ornelas-García C.P. |author3=Lozano-Vilano M.d.L. |author4=García-Ramírez M.E. |author5=Doadrio I. | year = 2015 | title = Phylogeographic analysis of genus ''Herichthys'' (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with descriptions of ''Nosferatu'' new genus and ''H. tepehua'' n. sp. | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 748 | issue = 1| pages = 201–231 | doi=10.1007/s10750-014-1891-8|hdl=10261/126238 |s2cid=254551771 | hdl-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="FishBase - Herichthys">{{cite web|editor1=Christopher Scharpf|editor2=Kenneth J. Lazara|name-list-style=&|title=Fish Identification|version=May 2024|url=https://fishbase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Herichthys|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Mahan2015">{{cite journal|author=McMahan, C.D.|author2=Matamoros, W.A.|author3=Piller, K.R.|author4=Chakrabarty, P.|year=2015|title=Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3999|issue=2|pages=211–234|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/zt03999p234.pdf|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.3|pmid=26623572}}</ref>

<ref name="Rican2013">{{cite journal|last1=Říčan|first1=Oldřich|last2=Piálek|first2=Lubomír|last3=Zardoya|first3=Rafael|last4=Doadrio|first4=Ignacio|last5=Zrzavy|first5=Jan|name-list-style=&|title=Biogeography of the Mesoamerican Cichlidae (Teleostei: Heroini): Colonization through the GAARlandia land bridge and early diversification|date=March 2013|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260138359|journal=[Journal of Biogeography](/source/Journal_of_Biogeography)|volume=40|issue=3|pages=579–593|doi=10.1111/jbi.12023 |url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240321133311/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260138359_Biogeography_of_the_Mesoamerican_Cichlidae_Teleostei_Heroini_Colonization_through_the_GAARlandia_land_bridge_and_early_diversification|archive-date=21 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Rican2016">{{cite journal|last1=Říčan|first1=O.|last2=Piálek|first2=L.|last3=Dragová|first3=K.|last4=Novák|first4=J.|year=2016|title=Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification|url=http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/vertebratezoology/vz66-1/01_vertebrate_zoology_66-1_rican_1-102.pdf|journal=[Vertebrate Zoology](/source/Vertebrate_Zoology)|volume=66|issue=1|pages=1–102|doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31534 |doi-access=free |access-date=2018-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405044728/http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/vertebratezoology/vz66-1/01_vertebrate_zoology_66-1_rican_1-102.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref>

<ref name="Smith2008">{{cite journal|author1=Wm. Leo Smith|author2=Prosanta Chakrabarty|author3=John S. Sparks|year=2008|title=Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae)|journal=Cladistics|volume=24|issue=5|pages=624–641|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x|url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1815&context=biosci_pubs|doi-access=free}} Abstract</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5743405}}

Category:Heroini
Category:Fish tribes
Category:Cichlid fish of Central America
Category:Cichlid fish of South America
Category:Extant Lutetian first appearances

{{Cichlinae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Heroini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroini) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroini?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.