# Hermann Raupach

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**Hermann Friedrich Raupach** (December 21, 1728 – December 12, 1778) was an 18th-century German composer.[1]

## Biography

Hermann Raupach was born at [Stralsund](/source/Stralsund) in Germany, the son and pupil of composer and organist [Christoph Raupach](/source/Christoph_Raupach) (1686–1744) and the nephew of Lutheran church historian [Bernhard Raupach](/source/Bernhard_Raupach) (1682–1745). Raupach was a [harpsichordist](/source/Harpsichordist), who became the assistant of [Vincenzo Manfredini](/source/Vincenzo_Manfredini), at the Russian Imperial Court Orchestra in [Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg) in 1755. In 1758 he was appointed a [Kapellmeister](/source/Kapellmeister) and court composer. Some of his operas were performed in Russian. His *Alceste* (*Альцеста*, 1758) is regarded as "the second Russian opera" (after [Araja](/source/Francesco_Araja)'s *[Tsefal i Prokris](/source/Tsefal_i_Prokris)*, 1755). The role of Admet in this opera was sung by [Dmitry Bortniansky](/source/Dmitry_Bortniansky), called the "[Orpheus](/source/Orpheus) of the [Neva River](/source/Neva_River)".

In 1762 Raupach left Saint Petersburg for Hamburg and then to Paris, where he met [Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart](/source/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart) and improvised with him on harpsichord in 4 hands. Mozart arranged some [movements](/source/Movement_(music)) from his sonatas for piano and string orchestra. The Sonata for Piano and Violin in A major, that was listed as K. 61,[a] first appeared under Mozart's name in the [Breitkopf & Härtel](/source/Breitkopf_%26_H%C3%A4rtel) *OEuvres* in 1804. It had been in Baron Taddäus von Dürnitz collection, and was mistakenly thought to be by Mozart. In 1912 [Téodor de Wyzewa](/source/T%C3%A9odor_de_Wyzewa) and [Georges de Saint-Foix](/source/Georges_de_Saint-Foix) discovered that the real composer was Hermann Raupach. They believed the young Mozart copied this sonata to use for an arrangement for a piano concerto, as he had used works of Raupach in K. 37, K. 39 and K. 41; see also: [Piano Concertos Nos. 1–4 (Mozart)](/source/Piano_Concertos_Nos._1%E2%80%934_(Mozart)).

Later Raupach returned to Saint Petersburg, where he became the instructor of composition and singing at the Academy of Fine Arts from 1768 to 1778. The composers Dmitry Bortniansky and [Yevstigney Fomin](/source/Yevstigney_Fomin) were among his pupils. He died in Saint Petersburg.

## Works

**Operas**

- *Alceste*, (Russian: Альцеста – Alcesta, text by [Alexander Sumarokov](/source/Alexander_Sumarokov) in Russian (1758, Saint Petersburg)
- *The New Monastery* (1759)
- *[Siroe](/source/Siroe_(Metastasio))*, in Italian (1760, Saint Petersburg)
- *Good Soldiers* (Добрые солдаты – Dobryie soldaty, 29 February 1780, Saint Petersburg)

**Others**

- About 15(?) [ballets](/source/Ballet)
- Cantatas to the [Psalms](/source/Psalms) in Russian translation by [Mikhail Lomonosov](/source/Mikhail_Lomonosov) (His Psalm 145 was especially popular)
- Violin sonatas

## References

1. The number was changed into K. Anh 290a and then later into K. Anh C.23.07. See [here](https://web.archive.org/web/20130117034554/http://www.mozartforum.com/Koechel%20part%208.htm)

1. Slonimsky, Nicolas; Kuhn, Laura; McIntire, Dennis (2001). *Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians*. Centennial ed. New York, N.Y: Schirmer Books. p. 2929. ISBN 9780028660912.

## Further reading

- Gerber E. L.: *Altes Lexicon*, II, p. 239

## External links

- ["Opera composers: R"](http://operetta.stanford.edu/composers/R.html), operetta.stanford.edu
- [Short biographical note in Russian](http://www.rulex.ru/01170274.htm)

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