# Hellfire Hotchkiss

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Unfinished novel by Mark Twain

Hellfire Hotchkiss Author Mark Twain Language English Published 1967 (1967) (posthumously) Publication place USA

***Hellfire Hotchkiss*** is an [unfinished](/source/Unfinished_creative_work) [novel](/source/Novel) by [Mark Twain](/source/Mark_Twain). Twain completed three chapters of the novel in 1897, mostly while he was residing in [Weggis](/source/Weggis), [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland).[1] These remained unpublished until 1967 when they were incorporated into *Mark Twain's Satires and Burlesques*.[2] As a result the book is not in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain).

The novel is notable for the reversed [gender roles](/source/Gender_role) of its two main characters.[3][4] The heroine, Rachel "Hellfire" Hotchkiss, is portrayed as a resourceful but temperamental [tomboy](/source/Tomboy). Oscar "Thug" Carpenter, in contrast, is portrayed as a sensitive, effeminate, and unstable young man. In one section of the book, a villager remarks, "Pudd'nhead Wilson says Hellfire Hotchkiss is the only genuwyne male man in this town and Thug Carpenter's the only genuwyne female girl, if you leave out sex and just consider the business facts."

According to some sources, the character of Oscar Carpenter was partially based on Twain's brother Orion Clemens, who was notoriously indecisive,[4][5] while Rachel Hotchkiss may have been based on Twain's friend Lillie Hitchcock.[2][5]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Rogers1967_1-0)** Twain, Mark; Franklin R. Rogers (1967). [*Mark Twain's Satires and Burlesques*](https://archive.org/details/marktwainssatire0000twai_q8d2). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-520-01081-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01081-7).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cooley2001_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cooley2001_2-1) Cooley, John (2001). *How Nancy Jackson Married Kate Wilson*. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 43–44. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8032-9442-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-9442-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Morris2005_3-0)** Morris, Linda A. (September 2005). "The Eloquent Silence in "Hellfire Hotchkiss"". *The Mark Twain Annual*. **3** (1): 43–51. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1756-2597.2005.tb00028.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1756-2597.2005.tb00028.x).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gillman1989_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gillman1989_4-1) Gillman, Susan (1989). *Dark Twins: Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain's America*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 109–110. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-226-29387-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-29387-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LeMaster1993_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LeMaster1993_5-1) LeMaster, J.R. (1993). *The Mark Twain Encyclopedia*. New York: Garland. p. 355. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8240-7212-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-7212-X).

v t e Mark Twain Bibliography Novels The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Prince and the Pauper Adventures of Huckleberry Finn A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court The American Claimant Tom Sawyer Abroad Pudd'nhead Wilson Tom Sawyer, Detective Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc A Double Barrelled Detective Story A Horse's Tale The Mysterious Stranger Hellfire Hotchkiss Short stories "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" "Cannibalism in the Cars" "A Literary Nightmare" "A Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage" "The Great Revolution in Pitcairn" 1601 "The Stolen White Elephant" "Luck" "The Million Pound Bank Note" "A Double Barrelled Detective Story" "Those Extraordinary Twins" "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg" "A Dog's Tale" "Extracts from Adam's Diary" "The War Prayer" "Eve's Diary" "Extract from Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" "My Platonic Sweetheart" "Advice for Good Little Girls" Collections Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance Sketches New and Old Mark Twain's Library of Humor Merry Tales The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories Plays Is He Dead? Essays "The Awful German Language" "On the Decay of the Art of Lying" "Advice to Youth" How to Tell a Story and Other Essays "Concerning the Jews" "To the Person Sitting in Darkness" "Edmund Burke on Croker and Tammany" "What Is Man?" "The United States of Lyncherdom" "Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses" Letters from the Earth Nonfiction Territorial Enterprise letters Letters from Hawaii The Innocents Abroad Roughing It Old Times on the Mississippi A Tramp Abroad Life on the Mississippi Following the Equator Is Shakespeare Dead? Autobiography of Mark Twain (Chapters from My Autobiography) King Leopold's Soliloquy The Private History of a Campaign That Failed Christian Science Speeches "Some Thoughts on the Science of Onanism" "Votes for Women" Places and events Family cabin Birthplace State Historic Site State Park Boyhood home and museum Mark Twain Cave Mark Twain in Nevada Territorial Enterprise Sagebrush School Quarry Farm Mark Twain House Stormfield Twain–Ament indemnities controversy Popular culture Mark Twain Prize for American Humor Mark Twain Readers Award Mark Twain Tonight! The Adventures of Mark Twain (1944) The Adventures of Mark Twain (1985) Mark Twain (2001 documentary) Twain and Shaw Do Lunch (2011 play) Mark Twain: The Musical Family Olivia Langdon Clemens (wife) Susy Clemens (daughter) Clara Clemens (daughter) Jean Clemens (daughter) John M. Clemens (father) Jane Lampton Clemens (mother) Orion Clemens (brother) Related Jap Herron Center For Mark Twain Studies Mark Twain (book) Mark Twain National Forest Mark Twain Tree National Tom Sawyer Days

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hellfire Hotchkiss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellfire_Hotchkiss) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellfire_Hotchkiss?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.