# Heliamphora nutans

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{{Short description|Species of carnivorous plant}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Roraima Heliamphora nutans1.JPG
|image_caption = ''Heliamphora nutans'' on [Mount Roraima](/source/Mount_Roraima)
|genus = Heliamphora
|species = nutans
|authority = [Benth.](/source/George_Bentham) (1840)<ref name=Bentham>Bentham, G. (June 1840). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4862618 XXV. On the ''Heliamphora nutans'', a new pitcher-plant from British Guiana]. ''The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London'' '''18'''(3): 429–433. {{doi|10.1111/j.1095-8339.1838.tb00190.x}}</ref>
|synonyms = *''Heliamphora heterodoxa''<br><small>''auct. non'' [Steyerm.](/source/Julian_Alfred_Steyermark): [G.Cheers](/source/Gordon_Cheers) (1992)</small>
*''Sarracenia nutans''<br><small>([Benth.](/source/George_Bentham)) [D.Dietr.](/source/David_Nathaniel_Friedrich_Dietrich) (1843)</small>
}}

'''''Heliamphora nutans''''' ([Latin](/source/Latin): ''nutans'' = nodding) is a species of [marsh pitcher plant](/source/Heliamphora) native to the border area between [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela), [Brazil](/source/Brazil) and [Guyana](/source/Guyana), where it grows on several [tepui](/source/tepui)s, including [Roraima](/source/Mount_Roraima), [Kukenán](/source/Kuken%C3%A1n_Tepui), [Yuruaní](/source/Yuruan%C3%AD_Tepui), [Maringma](/source/Maringma_Tepui), and [Wei Assipu](/source/Wei_Assipu_Tepui). ''Heliamphora nutans'' was the first ''Heliamphora'' to be described and is the best known species.<ref name=McPherson2011>McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''[Sarraceniaceae of South America](/source/Sarraceniaceae_of_South_America)''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.</ref>

''Heliamphora nutans'' was originally discovered in 1839 on [Mount Roraima](/source/Mount_Roraima) by the two brothers [Robert](/source/Robert_Hermann_Schomburgk) and [Richard Schomburgk](/source/Moritz_Richard_Schomburgk),<ref name = "Orchids">{{cite web| url= http://www.orchids.co.in/orchidologists/david-burke.shtm|title = David Burke (1854 – 1897) |author= |publisher = www.orchids.co.in|accessdate=7 November 2008}}</ref> although they did not collect samples to return to Europe. The plant was [formally described](/source/Species_description) by [George Bentham](/source/George_Bentham) in 1840,<ref name=Bentham /> becoming the [type species](/source/type_species) of the genus. In 1881, [David Burke](/source/David_Burke_(botanist)) was plant-hunting in the same area of [British Guiana](/source/British_Guiana) where he collected specimens of the plant and introduced it to [England](/source/England).<ref name = "HV87">{{cite book | author=James Herbert Veitch| title=Hortus Veitchii| publisher=Caradoc Doy | year=2006|edition=reprint| isbn=978-0-9553515-0-1|page=87| title-link=Hortus Veitchii| author-link=James Herbert Veitch}}</ref>

This species employs an '[aquaplaning](/source/aquaplaning)' trapping mechanism (whereby prey animals slip into the pitchers on the downwards-pointing hairs, which are significantly more slippery when wet) similar to that of many tropical pitcher plants of the genus ''[Nepenthes](/source/Nepenthes)''.<ref>Bauer, U., M. Scharmann, J. Skepper & W. Federle 2013. 'Insect aquaplaning' on a superhydrophilic hairy surface: how ''Heliamphora nutans'' Benth. pitcher plants capture prey. ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B'' '''280'''(1753): 20122569. {{doi|10.1098/rspb.2012.2569}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/ants-aquaplaning-on-a-pitcher-plant Ants aquaplaning on a pitcher plant]. University of Cambridge.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Kew.gardens.pitcher.plant.heliamphora.arp.jpg|''Heliamphora nutans'' at Kew Gardens, London
File:Heliamphora nutans (Habitus).jpg|''Heliamphora nutans'' growing on Mount Roraima in Venezuela
File:HeliamphoraNutansFloraDetail2.jpg|Detail of ''H. nutans'' flower
File:Heliamphora nutans George Bentham 1840.jpg|Illustration from Bentham's 1840 description
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|40em}}
* Adlassnig, W., K. Pranji, E. Mayer, G. Steinhauser, F. Hejjas & I.K. Lichtscheidl (2010). The abiotic environment of ''Heliamphora nutans'' (Sarraceniaceae): pedological and microclimatic observations on Roraima Tepui. ''Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology'' '''53'''(2): 425–430. {{doi|10.1590/S1516-89132010000200022}}
* Barrera, R., D. Fish & C.E. Machado-Allison (1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141221004256/http://ecotropicos.saber.ula.ve/db/ecotropicos/Edocs/vol2_n1/articulo4.pdf Ecological patterns of aquatic insect communities in two ''Heliamphora'' pitcher-plant species of the Venezuelan highlands.] ''Ecotropicos'' '''2'''(1): 31–44. <!--https://www.webcitation.org/6UyKztF8n-->
* {{in lang|es}} Brewer-Carías, C. (2012). {{cite web |url= http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/I_UBC/RORAIMA_Madre_de_todos_los_rios.pdf |title= Roraima: madre de todos los ríos. |access-date= 2013-03-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025504/http://www6.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/I_UBC/RORAIMA_Madre_de_todos_los_rios.pdf |archive-date= 2016-03-04 |url-status= dead }} ''Río Verde'' '''8''': 77–94. <!--actually H. glabra-->
* Fleischmann, A., A. Wistuba & S. McPherson (21 December 2007). ''Drosera solaris'' (Droseraceae), a new sundew from the Guayana Highlands. ''Willdenowia'' '''37'''(2): 551–555. {{doi|10.3372/wi.37.37214}}
* Gonzalez, J.M., K. Jaffe & F. Michelangeli (December 1991). Competition for prey between the carnivorous Bromeliaceae ''Brocchinia reducta'' and Sarraceneacea<!--sic--> ''Heliamphora nutans''. ''Biotropica'' '''23'''(4B): 602–604. {{JSTOR|2388398}}
* Joel, D.M., B.E. Juniper & A. Dafni (December 1985). Ultraviolet patterns in the traps of carnivorous plants. ''New Phytologist'' '''101'''(4): 585–593. {{doi|10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02864.x}}
* Kelloff, C.L., S.N. Alexander, V.A. Funk & H.D. Clarke (2011). [http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/17550/1/SCB97_Kelloff_web-FINAL.pdf Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Smithsonian Contributions to Botany'' '''97''': i–viii, 1–307. <!--plant identified as H. nutans on Waukauyengtipu (Cerro Venamo)-->
* Kok, P.J.R. (20 October 2008). [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/2/zt01909p015.pdf A new highland species of ''Arthrosaura'' Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil.] ''Zootaxa'' '''1909''': 1–15. {{cite web  |url= http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01909p015f.pdf  |title= first page  }}
* Lindley, J. (1846). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7433438 Order CLV. Sarraceniaceæ.—Sarraceniads.] In: [https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7756 ''The Vegetable Kingdom; or, The Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, Illustrated upon the Natural System'']. Bradbury & Evans, London. p.&nbsp;429.
* McPherson, S. (2007). ''Pitcher Plants of the Americas''. The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.
* Nerz, J. (December 2004). [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/Species/v33n4p111_116.html ''Heliamphora elongata'' (Sarraceniaceae), a new species from Ilu-Tepui]. ''[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter](/source/Carnivorous_Plant_Newsletter)'' '''33'''(4): 111–116.
* Steyermark, J.A. ''et al.'' (18 May 1951). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2455368 Sarraceniaceae]. [pp.&nbsp;239–242] In: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2455345 Contributions to the flora of Venezuela. Botanical exploration in Venezuela - 1.] ''Fieldiana: Botany'' '''28'''(1): 1–242.
* Wistuba, A., T. Carow & P. Harbarth (September 2002). [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/Species/v31n3p78_82.html ''Heliamphora chimantensis'', a new species of ''Heliamphora'' (Sarraceniaceae) from the ‘Macizo de Chimanta’ in the south of Venezuela]. ''[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter](/source/Carnivorous_Plant_Newsletter)'' '''31'''(3): 78–82.
* [http://www.brucemeans.com/journal/journalVenezula2006.htm Journal of Venezuela Expedition January/February 2006 by D. Bruce Means] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415034449/http://www.brucemeans.com/journal/journalVenezula2006.htm |date=2016-04-15 }}. Journals: D. Bruce Means, PhD. <!--https://www.webcitation.org/6UU2Mcfae-->
<!--http://www.cpukforum.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=33030 - Mt Roraima H. nutans + misidentified plants from Cerro Venamo (actually H. heterodoxa)
http://botany.si.edu/bdg/gallery_coll.cfm?lastname=Clarke - Trip 15 (misidentified Cerro Venamo H. heterodoxa)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=t-n0-NFNFmM#!-->
{{refend}}

{{Commons}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q146102}}

nutans
Category:Flora of Venezuela <!-- appears as the major 'source' of the many Heliamphoras, my observation NOT from an expert of any kind -->
Category:Flora of Brazil
Category:Flora of Guyana
Category:Flora of the Tepuis

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Heliamphora nutans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliamphora_nutans) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliamphora_nutans?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.