# Hat > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hat > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hat.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat > Source revision: 1356864241 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{pp-pc|expiry=indefinite|reason=Persistent disruptive editing / vandalism|small=no}} {{short description|Shaped head covering}} {{Redirect|Hats|other uses|Hat (disambiguation)|and|Hats (disambiguation)}} thumb|A collection of 18th and 19th centuries men's beaver felt hats [[File:Pierre Auguste Renoir - Woman in a Flowered Hat - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright|''Woman in a Flowered Hat'' (1889), by [Pierre-Auguste Renoir](/source/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir): Straw hat with brim decorated with cloth flowers and ribbons]] A '''hat''' is a [head covering](/source/Headgear) which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, comedy, safety, or as a [fashion accessory](/source/fashion_accessory).{{cite web|author=Pauline Thomas |url=http://www.fashion-era.com/hats-hair/hats_hair_1_wearing_hats_fashion_history.htm |title=The Wearing of Hats Fashion History |publisher=Fashion-era.com |date=2007-09-08 |access-date=2011-07-02}} Hats which incorporate mechanical features, such as visors, spikes, flaps, [braces](/source/orthodontic_headgear) or [beer holders](/source/party_hat) shade into the broader category of [headgear](/source/headgear). In the past, hats were an indicator of [social status](/source/social_status).{{cite web|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/117987.html |title=The social meanings of hats |publisher=University of Chicago Press|access-date=2011-07-02}} In the [military](/source/military), hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or [regiment](/source/regiment).{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42199 |title=Insignia:The Way You Tell Who's Who in the Military |publisher=[United States Department of Defense](/source/United_States_Department_of_Defense) |access-date=2011-07-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414202044/http://www.defense.gov//News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=42199 |archive-date=2012-04-14 }} Police typically wear distinctive hats such as [peaked cap](/source/peaked_cap)s or [brimmed hat](/source/brimmed_hat)s, such as those worn by the [Royal Canadian Mounted Police](/source/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police). Some hats have a protective function. As examples, the [hard hat](/source/hard_hat) protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects, a British police [Custodian helmet](/source/Custodian_helmet) protects the officer's head, a [sun hat](/source/sun_hat) shades the face and shoulders from the sun, a [cowboy hat](/source/cowboy_hat) protects against sun and rain and an [ushanka](/source/ushanka) fur hat with fold-down earflaps keeps the head and ears warm. Some hats are worn for ceremonial purposes, such as the [mortarboard](/source/mortarboard), which is worn (or carried) during university graduation ceremonies. Some hats are worn by members of a certain profession, such as the [Toque](/source/Toque) worn by chefs, or the [mitre](/source/mitre) worn by Christian [bishops](/source/bishops). Adherents of certain religions regularly wear hats, such as the [turban](/source/turban) worn by [Sikh](/source/Sikh)s, or the [church hat](/source/church_crown) that is worn as a [headcovering by Christian women](/source/Christian_head_covering) during prayer and worship.{{cite web |title=What are Church Hats? |work=Southern Living |url=https://www.southernliving.com/culture/church-hats |publisher=[Southern Living](/source/Southern_Living) |access-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514230453/https://www.southernliving.com/culture/church-hats |language=English |quote=Church hats have been a key part of churchgoers' Sunday best for years, and are still an important aspect of dress in some churches today. The practice of covering one's head for church originally came from the Bible—1 Corinthians 11:15, to be precise. The simple head covering has been adapted and expanded to become a stylish part of Southern women's churchgoing attire. At the turn of the century, many Southern ladies wore simple hats to church out of respect, reverence for the service, and continuity with passed-down traditions. The church hat tradition continues today, with hats—sometimes called crowns—in bright colors, bold patterns, and eye-catching styles at Sunday services across the South.|archive-date=14 May 2021}} == History == [[File:Willendorf-Venus-1468.jpg|thumb|upright|The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old [Venus of Willendorf](/source/Venus_of_Willendorf) may depict a woman wearing a woven hat.]] While there are not many official records of hats before 3,000 BC, they probably were commonplace before that. The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old [Venus of Willendorf](/source/Venus_of_Willendorf) figurine may depict a woman wearing a woven hat.{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/725803.stm|title=BBC News {{!}} SCI/TECH {{!}} World's oldest hat revealed|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2018-09-25}} One of the earliest known confirmed hats was worn by a [Bronze Age](/source/Bronze_Age) man (nicknamed [Ötzi](/source/%C3%96tzi)) whose body (including his hat) was found frozen in a mountain between Austria and Italy, where he had been since around 3250 BC. He was found wearing a bearskin cap with a chin strap, made of several hides stitched together, essentially resembling a [Russian fur hat](/source/Ushanka) without the flaps.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|title=It becometh the iceman: clothing study reveals stylish secrets of leather-loving ancient|first=Nicola|last=Davis|archive-date=30 August 2016|work=[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)|access-date=30 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830164637/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|date=30 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology|title=Here's What the Iceman Was Wearing When He Died 5,300 Years Ago|first=Kristin|last=Romey|date=18 August 2016|publisher=[National Geographic](/source/National_Geographic)|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819105927/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology/|archive-date=19 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}{{Cite journal|last1=O'Sullivan|first1=Niall J.|last2=Teasdale|first2=Matthew D.|last3=Mattiangeli|first3=Valeria|last4=Maixner|first4=Frank|last5=Pinhasi|first5=Ron|last6=Bradley|first6=Daniel G.|last7=Zink|first7=Albert|date=18 August 2016|title=A whole mitochondria analysis of the Tyrolean Iceman's leather provides insights into the animal sources of Copper Age clothing|journal=[Scientific Reports](/source/Scientific_Reports)|language=en|volume=6|article-number=31279|doi=10.1038/srep31279|pmid=27537861|issn=2045-2322|df=dmy-all|pmc=4989873|bibcode=2016NatSR...631279O }} One of the first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a tomb painting from [Thebes, Egypt](/source/Thebes%2C_Egypt), which shows a man wearing a conical straw hat, dated to around 3200 BC. Hats were commonly worn in ancient Egypt. Many upper-class Egyptians [shaved their heads](/source/head_shaving), then covered it in a [headdress](/source/headdress) intended to help them keep cool. Ancient Mesopotamians often wore conical hats or ones shaped somewhat like an inverted vase. [[File:Inquilinos.gif|thumb|upright|Hats as an indicator of social status: a [foreman](/source/%3Awikt%3Aforeman) (with horse) wears a hat of greater height than the accompanying [inquilino](/source/inquilino) (1821 [Chile](/source/Chile)).]] Other early hats include the [Pileus](/source/Pileus_(hat)), a simple skull-like cap; the [Phrygian cap](/source/Phrygian_cap), worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome (which became iconic in America during the [Revolutionary War](/source/American_Revolutionary_War) and the [French Revolution](/source/French_Revolution), as a symbol of the struggle for liberty against the Monarchy); and the Greek [petasos](/source/petasos), the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and [wimples](/source/wimples). Like Ötzi, the [Tollund Man](/source/Tollund_Man) was preserved to the present day with a hat on, probably having died around 400 BC in a Danish bog, which mummified him. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, fastened under the chin by a hide strap.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tollundman.dk/udseende.asp|title=The Tollund Man – Appearance|date=2004|website=The Tollund Man – A face from prehistoric Denmark|access-date=2016-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132454/http://www.tollundman.dk/udseende.asp|archive-date=2011-07-19}} [St. Clement](/source/Clement_of_Ireland), the [patron saint](/source/patron_saint) of [felt](/source/felt) [hatmaker](/source/hatmaker)s, is said to have discovered felt when he filled his sandals with [flax](/source/flax) fibers to protect his feet, around 800 AD.{{cite web|url=http://www.hatsandcaps.co.uk/Hat-History-Ahat_history/ |title=History of Hats |publisher=Hatsandcaps.co.uk |access-date=2011-07-02}} In the Middle Ages, hats were a marker of social status and used to single out certain groups. The 1215 [Fourth Council of the Lateran](/source/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran) required that all Jews identify themselves by wearing the [Judenhat](/source/Judenhat) ("Jewish hat"), marking them as targets for [antisemitism](/source/antisemitism).{{cite web|last=Waldman |first=Katy |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2013/10/17/the_history_of_the_witch_s_hat_origins_of_its_pointy_design.html |title=The history of the witch's hat |publisher=Slate.com |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2014-03-26}} The hats were usually [yellow](/source/Yellow_badge) and were either pointed or square.{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=h1s8K0_hCfoC |page=331}} |title=All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World |first=Ruth A. |last=Johnston |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |access-date=2014-03-26}} [[File:charles-vernet-top-hat.jpg|thumb|Carle Vernet's 1796 painting showing two decadent French "[Incredibles](/source/Incroyables_and_Merveilleuses)" greeting each other, one with what appears to be a top hat, perhaps its first recorded appearance.]] In the Middle Ages, hats for women ranged from simple scarves to elaborate [hennin](/source/hennin),Vibbert, Marie, ''Headdresses of the 14th and 15th Centuries,'' No. 133, SCA monograph series (August 2006) and denoted social status. Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in the late 16th century.{{cite web|url=http://www.hatsuk.com/hatsuk/hatsukhtml/bible/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000914041825/http://www.hatsuk.com/hatsuk/hatsukhtml/bible/history.htm |archive-date=2000-09-14 |title=Hat history |publisher=Hatsuk.com |access-date=2012-01-07}} The term 'milliner' comes from the Italian city of [Milan](/source/Milan), where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman's occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.{{cite web|url=http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/the-history-of-womens-hats/ |title=History of Women's Hats |publisher=Vintagefashionguild.org |access-date=2012-01-07}} [[File:Gruppbild sv arbetsförmän vid Läten Hospitalbygge - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0056803.jpg|thumb|Left-to-right: [Top-hat](/source/Top-hat), [peaked cap](/source/peaked_cap), [Borsalino](/source/Borsalino), [bowler hat](/source/bowler_hat) (Sweden, early 20th century).]] In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers, and gauze [trims](/source/Trim_(sewing)). By the end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet. The tradition of wearing hats to [horse racing](/source/horse_racing) events began at the [Royal Ascot](/source/Royal_Ascot) in Britain, which maintains a strict dress code. All guests in the Royal Enclosure must wear hats.{{cite news|author=Lauren Turner |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/new-dress-code-a-hit-at-ascots-ladies-day-7872665.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/new-dress-code-a-hit-at-ascots-ladies-day-7872665.html |archive-date=2022-05-09 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=New dress code a hit at Ascots' Ladies Day |publisher= Independent.co.uk |date=2012-06-21 |access-date=2013-08-29}} This tradition was adopted at other horse racing events, such as the [Kentucky Derby](/source/Kentucky_Derby) in the United States.{{cite web |url=https://hats-plus.com/chronicles/hats-in-history-the-kentucky-derby/ |title=Hats in History: The Kentucky Derby |publisher=Hats-plus.com |date=2012-04-28 |access-date=2026-03-11}} [[File:Cover of Australasian Post With Miss Chinatown in 1966.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of [Australasian Post](/source/Australasian_Post) with Miss Chinatown finalist Scarlett So wearing a [Christian Dior](/source/Christian_Dior) hat in the 1960s]] Extravagant hats were popular in the 1980s, and in the early 21st century, flamboyant hats made a comeback, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, [trompe-l'œil](/source/trompe-l'%C5%93il)-effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of human hair. Some new hat collections have been described as "wearable sculpture". Many pop stars, among them [Lady Gaga](/source/Lady_Gaga), have commissioned hats as publicity stunts.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/04/fashion/04iht-rhats04.html?pagewanted=all |title=Millinery Madness: Hat Makers With Attitude |website=[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times) |date=3 October 2011 |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630065123/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/04/fashion/04iht-rhats04.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live |last1=Young |first1=Robb }} [[File:RhofHutladen1.jpg|thumb|A hat shop from about 1900 inside the [Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum](/source/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum).]] == Etiquette == In Western societies, it has been traditional for men to remove their hats when entering a Christian [church](/source/church_(building))—a practice derived from [1 Corinthians 11](/source/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians) in the Bible.{{cite web |last1=Yarborough |first1=Kaitlyn |title=How To Know When It's Rude To Wear Your Hat Indoors, According to Etiquette |url=https://www.southernliving.com/culture/etiquette/can-you-wear-a-hat-inside |publisher=[Southern Living](/source/Southern_Living) |access-date=1 February 2023 |language=English |date=20 May 2022 |quote=Hat etiquette also has roots in Christianity, as it's long been considered customary for men to remove their hats upon entering a church. As we all know, however, church hats are a historic tradition for women to wear in the South. |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201195136/https://www.southernliving.com/culture/etiquette/can-you-wear-a-hat-inside |url-status=live }}{{cite book |last1=Neusner |first1=Jacob |last2=Armistead |first2=M. Kathryn |title=Introduction to World Religions: Communities and Cultures |year=2010 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-1976-9 |language=en |quote=In most forms of Christianity, however, men remove their hats as a sign of deference to the deity. The bareheadedness derives from the comments of the Apostle Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:4 that "a man who keeps his head covered when he prays or prophesies brings shame upon his head" (NEB).}}{{cite book |last1=Willis |first1=J. J. |title=An African Church in Building |date=1925 |publisher=Church Missionary Society |page=117 |language=en|quote=In itself a church is as other buildings are; it is built of common bricks and stone, and common wood. Yet men remove their hats as they enter, speak in hushed tones, and move in reverent silence.}} On the other hand, women historically were required to wear a [headcovering](/source/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) when entering a church (a practice that decreased in the West in the 1960s, though it still occurs in the East).{{efn-ua|In the West, certain [denominations](/source/Christian_denomination) of [Christianity](/source/Christianity) preserved the practice of the headcovering of women during, chiefly [Conservative Anabaptist](/source/Conservative_Anabaptism) fellowships and [Old Order Anabaptist](/source/Old_Order_Anabaptist) groups, as well as by certain [Eastern Orthodox](/source/Eastern_Orthodox) and [Oriental Orthodox](/source/Oriental_Orthodox) congregations. In the 21st century, the wearing of a headcovering by women during [Mass](/source/Mass_(liturgy)) and while praying at home has increased in the West, especially among [Roman Catholics](/source/Catholic_Church) and [Evangelical-Lutherans](/source/Lutheranism).{{cite web |last1=Beane |first1=Larry |date=27 February 2024 |title=On Headcoverings |url=https://www.gottesdienst.org/gottesblog/2024/2/27/v5l245opa8fiuzdvstriz13fggkxag |access-date=14 September 2025 |publisher=Gottesdienst: The Journal of Lutheran Liturgy |quote=This is a trend that is not limited to Lutheran Christianity, but is seen in all of the historical communions, as well as among some Reformed and Anabaptist groups (in the case of various sects of Anabaptists, like Mennonites and Amish, women have been covering their heads - and not just in worship - for centuries). There is a small but stubborn resurgence of this practice.}}{{cite web |last=Cieslik |first=Emma |date=8 February 2022 |title=Why a New Generation of Catholic Women Is Wearing Chapel Veils |url=https://arcmag.org/why-a-new-generation-of-catholic-women-is-wearing-chapel-veils/ |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=ARC: Religion, Politics, Et Cetera (Danforth Center on Religion & Politics)}}}}{{cite web |last1=Gordon |first1=Greg |title=Are Head Coverings Really for Today? |url=https://evangelicalfocus.com/yourblog/929/Are-Head-Coverings-Really-for-Today- |publisher=Evangelical Focus |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=English |date=31 August 2015}}{{cite book|last=Hunt|first=Margaret|title=Women in Eighteenth Century Europe|date=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|language=en |isbn=9781317883876|page=58|quote=Today many people associate rules about veiling and headscarves with the Muslim world, but in the eighteenth century they were common among Christians as well, in line with 1 Corinthians 11:4-13 which appears not only to prescribe headcoverings for any women who prays or goes to church, but explicitly to associate it with female subordination, which Islamic veiling traditions do not typically do. Many Christian women wore a head-covering all the time, and certainly when they went outside; those who did not would have been barred from church and likely harassed on the street. ... Veils were, of course, required for Catholic nuns, and a veil that actually obscured the face was also a mark of elite status throughout most of Europe. Spanish noblewomen wore them well into the eighteenth century, and so did Venetian women, both elites and non-elites. Across Europe almost any woman who could afford them also wore them to travel.}}{{cite book |last1=Toops |first1=Stanley W. |title=International Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Global Issues |last2=Peterson |first2=Mark Allen |last3=Anderson |first3=Sheldon |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-97478-6 |language=en |quote=In European history, Christian women wore veils or other head coverings in church, in accordance with a biblical injunction (1 Corinthians 11:4–10).}} Historically, men in Western Christian societies removed their hat when entering a room where women were present, as well as when a national flag is paraded. Men traditionally remove their hats when a funeral passes through an area in which they are present.{{cite book |last1=Hathaway |first1=Helen |title=Manners: American Etiquette |date=1928 |publisher=E.P. Dutton |page=38 |language=en}} Who uncovered for whom marked the social hierarchy and whose authority was recognized or not.{{cite journal |last1=Capp |first1=Bernard |title=The Cultural, Social, and Ideological Role of the Hat in Early Modern England |journal=The Historical Journal |date=10 April 2026 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X26101460 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/cultural-social-and-ideological-role-of-the-hat-in-early-modern-england/BE4E11BFE7F8CCF5A5A7081869710925 |access-date=13 April 2026 |language=en-GB |issn=0018-246X|doi-access=free }} Until [World War I](/source/World_War_I), it was customary for women to wear a cap on her head, and women were rarely seen in public without one.{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Cory |last2=Anderson |first2=Jennifer |title=Fitted to Holiness: How Modesty is Achieved and Compromised among the Plain People |year=2019 |publisher=Acorn Publishing |location=Millersburg |page=129 |quote=Throughout the nineteenth century, hats were a cultural necessity; women were never seen in public without one. Up until World War I, a woman slipped on a white cap immediately upon arising, unless she was in mourning, and some type of hat or bonnet was worn every time she left the house.}} ==Parts== Hats are very varied, but the parts of many hats can be described as the crown, the top section; the brim, a projecting rim around the hat below the crown; and often a band or hatband wrapped around the crown just above the brim. == Famous hatmakers == One of the most famous London hatters is [James Lock & Co.](/source/James_Lock_%26_Co.) of [St James's Street](/source/St_James's_Street).See Whitbourn, F.: 'Mr Lock of St James's St Heinemann, 1971. The shop claims to be the oldest operating hat shop in the world.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/fashion/hats-lock-and-co-london.html?_r=0 |title=Centuries of hats |website=[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times) |date=30 March 2016 |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-date=2017-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228172743/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/fashion/hats-lock-and-co-london.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |last1=Mitic |first1=Ginanne Brownell }} Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 [Fish Street Hill](/source/Fish_Street_Hill).For an account of the Sharp family's hat-making business, see Knapman, D. – 'Conversation Sharp – The Biography of a London Gentleman, [Richard Sharp](/source/Richard_Sharp_(politician)) (1759–1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse'. [Private Publication, 2004]. British Library. In the late 20th century, museums credited London-based [David Shilling](/source/David_Shilling) with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable [Belgian](/source/Belgium) hat designers are [Elvis Pompilio](/source/Elvis_Pompilio) and Fabienne Delvigne ([Royal warrant of appointment holder](/source/Royal_warrant_of_appointment)), whose hats are worn by European royals.{{cite web |url= http://www.brusselslife.be/en/article/brusselslife-with-fabienne-delvigne |title=Brussels life |publisher=Brusselslife.be |access-date=2013-04-15}} [Philip Treacy](/source/Philip_Treacy) [OBE](/source/Order_of_the_British_Empire) is an Irish milliner whose hats have been commissioned by top designers{{cite news|title=Philip Treacy 'Hatforms' at IMMA Thursday |url=http://www.rte.ie/ten/2001/0405/treacyp.html |access-date=11 December 2010 |newspaper=[Raidió Teilifís Éireann](/source/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann) |date=5 April 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817233050/http://www.rte.ie/ten/2001/0405/treacyp.html |archive-date=August 17, 2012 }} and worn at royal weddings.[http://www.independent.ie/world-news/royal-wedding/philip-treacy-king-of-royal-wedding-hats-2633003.html Philip Treacy: King of Royal wedding hats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831081900/http://www.independent.ie/world-news/royal-wedding/philip-treacy-king-of-royal-wedding-hats-2633003.html |date=2011-08-31 }} ''Irish Independent'', 2011-04-29 In North America, the well-known cowboy-hat manufacturer [Stetson](/source/Stetson) made the headgear for the [Royal Canadian Mounted Police](/source/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police) and the [Texas Rangers](/source/Texas_Ranger_Division).{{cite book |last=Snyder |first=Jeffrey B. |year=1997 |title=Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970 |page=57 |location=Atglen |publisher=Schiffer |isbn=0-7643-0211-6 }} [John Cavanagh](/source/John_Cavanagh_(hatter)) was one of the notable American hatters.{{Cite web|url=https://bernardhats.com/hat-companies/cavanagh-hats/|title=Cavanagh Hats|website=Bernard Hats|date=22 June 2014 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-06}} Italian hat maker [Borsalino](/source/Borsalino) has covered the heads of [Hollywood stars](/source/movie_star) and the world's rich and famous.''Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia'', Beverly Chico, ABC-CLIO, 03.10.2013, p. 155. == Collections == [The Philippi Collection](/source/The_Philippi_Collection) is a collection of religious headgear assembled by a German entrepreneur, Dieter Philippi, located in [Kirkel](/source/Kirkel).{{cite web|url=http://www.nzzfolio.ch/www/21b625ad-36bc-48ea-b615-1c30cd0b472d/showarticle/17b78ab1-fd69-4400-8848-a44e6459cac8.aspx |title=Neue Zürcher Zeitung FOLIO |publisher=Nzzfolio.ch |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2012-01-07}} The collection features over 500 hats,{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/0,1518,665012,00.html |title=Der Spiegel |date=4 December 2009 |publisher=Spiegel.de |access-date=2012-01-07|last1=Smoltczyk |first1=Alexander }} and is currently the world's largest collection of clerical, ecclesiastical and religious head coverings.{{cite web|url=http://philippi-collection.blogspot.com/2011/11/jewish-white-hat.html |title=Philippi Collection |publisher=Philippi-collection.blogspot.com |date=2011-11-23 |access-date=2012-01-07}} == Styles == {{further|List of hat styles|List of headgear}} This is a short list of some common and iconic examples of hats. There is a longer version at [List of hat styles](/source/List_of_hat_styles) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image ! Name ! Description |- | 60px|Ascot cap | [Ascot cap](/source/Ascot_cap) | A hard, men's cap, similar to the flat cap, but distinguished by its hardness and rounded shape |- | 60px|Balmoral bonnet | [Balmoral bonnet](/source/Balmoral_bonnet) | Traditional Scottish bonnet or cap worn with Scottish [Highland dress](/source/Highland_dress) |- | 60px|Baseball cap | [Baseball cap](/source/Baseball_cap) | A type of soft, light, wool or cotton cap with a rounded crown and a stiff, frontward-projecting brim |- | 60px|Propeller beanie with a visor | [Beanie (North America)](/source/Beanie_(North_America)) | A brimless cap, made from triangular panels of material joined by a button at the crown and seamed together around the sides, with or without a small [visor](/source/visor), once popular among schoolboys. Sometimes includes a propeller.
In New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States, ''beanie'' refers to the [knit cap](/source/knit_cap). |- | 60px|Bearskin | [Bearskin](/source/Bearskin) |The tall, furry hat of the [Brigade of Guards](/source/Brigade_of_Guards)' [full-dress](/source/Full_dress) uniform, originally designed to protect them against sword-cuts, etc. Commonly seen at [Buckingham Palace](/source/Buckingham_Palace) in [London](/source/London), [England](/source/England). Sometimes mistakenly identified as a [busby](/source/Busby_(military_headdress)). |- | 60px|Beret | [Beret](/source/Beret) | A soft, round cap, usually of woollen felt, with a bulging flat crown and tight-fitting brimless headband. Worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with [Basque people](/source/Basque_people), [France](/source/France), and the military. |- | 60px|Bicorne | [Bicorne](/source/Bicorne) | A broad-brimmed, felt hat with brim folded up and pinned front and back to create a long-horned shape. Also known as a [cocked hat](/source/cocked_hat). Worn by European military officers in the 1790s and, as illustrated, commonly associated with [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon_Bonaparte). |- | 60px|Bowler / Derby | [Bowler / Derby](/source/Bowler_hat) | A hard, felt hat with a rounded crown, created in 1850 by Lock's of [St James's](/source/St_James's), the [hatters](/source/Hatmaking) to Thomas Coke, 2nd [Earl of Leicester](/source/Earl_of_Leicester), for his servants. More commonly known as a ''derby'' in the United States. |- | 60px|Buntal | [Buntal](/source/Buntal_hat) | A traditional [straw hat](/source/straw_hat) from the Philippines woven from fibers extracted from [buri palm](/source/buri_palm)s |- | 60px|Chullo | [Chullo](/source/Chullo) | [Peruvian](/source/Peruvian) or [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia)n hat with ear-flaps made from [vicuña](/source/vicu%C3%B1a), [alpaca](/source/alpaca), [llama](/source/llama) or sheep's wool{{cite web|last=Klinkenborg |first=Verlyn |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/23/opinion/edverlyn.1-414278.php |title=Season of the chullo |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=2009-02-03 |access-date=2011-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130103519/http://iht.com/articles/2009/01/23/opinion/edverlyn.1-414278.php |archive-date=January 30, 2009 }} |- | 60px|Cloche hat | [Cloche hat](/source/Cloche_hat) | A [bell](/source/Bell_(instrument))-shaped ladies' hat that was popular during the [Roaring Twenties](/source/Roaring_Twenties) (Cloche hat as worn by silent film star [Vilma Bánky](/source/Vilma_B%C3%A1nky), 1927) |- | 60px|Cricket cap | [Cricket cap](/source/Cricket_cap) | A type of soft cap traditionally worn by [cricket](/source/cricket) players ([Sid Barnes](/source/Sid_Barnes) with his Australian cap) |- | 60px|Sombrero cordobés | {{nowrap|[Cordovan hat](/source/Cordovan_hat)}} | A traditional flat-brimmed and flat-topped hat originating from [Córdoba, Spain](/source/C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain), associated with [flamenco dancing and music](/source/Flamenco) and popularized by characters such as [Zorro](/source/Zorro) |- | 60px|Conical hat | [Conical Asian hat](/source/Conical_Asian_hat) | A [conical](/source/Cone) straw hat associated with East and Southeast Asia. Sometimes known as a "coolie hat", although the term "coolie" may be interpreted as derogatory.{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Malema-under-fire-over-slur-on-Indians-20111020 |title=Malema under fire over slur on Indians |publisher=News24 |date=2011-10-20 |access-date=2013-06-16}}Most current dictionaries do not record any offensive meaning ("an unskilled laborer or porter usually in or from India hired for low or subsistence wages" [http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=coolie Merriam-Webster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126211748/http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=coolie |date=2008-01-26 }}) or make a distinction between an offensive meaning in referring to "a person from the Indian subcontinent or of Indian descent" and an at least originally inoffensive, old-fashioned meaning, for example "''dated'' an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other Asian countries" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20161022011430/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/coolie Compact Oxford English Dictionary]). However, some dictionaries indicate that the word may be considered offensive in all contexts today. For example, [http://pewebdic2.cw.idm.fr/ Longman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127183935/http://pewebdic2.cw.idm.fr/ |date=2006-11-27 }}'s 1995 edition had "''old-fashioned'' an unskilled worker who is paid very low wages, especially in parts of Asia", but the current version adds "''taboo old-fashioned'' a very offensive word ... Do not use this word". |- | 60px|Coonskin cap | [Coonskin cap](/source/Coonskin_cap) | A hat of the indigenous peoples of the Appalachian region, fashioned from the skin and fur of a [raccoon](/source/raccoon), that became associated with Canadian and [American frontiersmen](/source/American_pioneers) of the 18th and 19th centuries |- | 60px | [Cowboy hat](/source/Cowboy_hat) | A high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat, with a sweatband on the inside, and a decorative hat band on the outside. Early models such as the [Boss of the Plains](/source/Boss_of_the_Plains) could be customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim.{{cite book |last=Snyder |first=Jeffrey B. |year=1997 |title=[Stetson](/source/Stetson) Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970 |page=5 |location=Atglen |publisher=Schiffer |isbn=0-7643-0211-6 }} |- | 60px|Custodian helmet | [Custodian helmet](/source/Custodian_helmet) | A [helmet](/source/helmet) traditionally worn by [British police constables](/source/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom) while on foot patrol |- | 60px|Deerstalker | [Deerstalker](/source/Deerstalker) | A warm, close-fitting [tweed](/source/Tweed_(cloth)) cap, with brims front and behind and ear-flaps that can be tied together either over the crown or under the chin. Originally designed for use while [hunting in](/source/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom) the [climate of Scotland](/source/climate_of_Scotland). Worn by – and so closely associated with – the character [Sherlock Holmes](/source/Sherlock_Holmes). |- | 60px | [Fedora](/source/Fedora) | A soft, felt hat with a medium brim and lengthwise crease in the crown |- | 60px | [Fez](/source/Fez_(clothing)) | Red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, common to Arab-speaking countries |- | 60px | [Fulani hat](/source/Fulani_hat) | A conical, plant-fiber hat covered in leather both at the brim and top, worn by men of the Fulani people in West Africa |- | 60px | [Hard hat](/source/Hard_hat) | A rounded, rigid helmet with a small brim, predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather |- | 60px | [Homburg](/source/Homburg_hat) | A semi-formal hat of fur felt, with a single dent running down the centre of the crown, a wide silk grosgrain hatband ribbon, a flat brim shaped in a "pencil curl", and a ribbon-bound trim about the edge of the brim ([Winston Churchill](/source/Winston_Churchill) wearing a homburg) |- | 60px | [Keffiyeh](/source/Keffiyeh) | Three piece ensemble consisting of a {{Transliteration|ar|[thagiyah](/source/Taqiyah_(cap))}} skullcap, {{Transliteration|ar|gutrah}} scarf, and {{Transliteration|ar|[agal](/source/Agal_(accessory))}} black cord. Gutrahs are plain white or patterned, denoting ethnic or national identities.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}. ([Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia](/source/Sultan_bin_Abdulaziz%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia) wearing [Keffiyeh](/source/Keffiyeh)) |- | 60px | [Kippah](/source/Kippah) | A hemispherical cap worn by Jews to fulfill the customary requirement held by halachic authorities that the head be covered at all times ([IDF](/source/Israel_Defense_Forces) soldier, Lt. [Asael Lubotzky](/source/Asael_Lubotzky), prays with [kippah](/source/kippah) and [tefillin](/source/tefillin).) |- | 60px|upright | [Knit cap](/source/Knit_cap) | A knitted hat, worn in winter, usually made from wool or acrylic. In New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States, the term ''beanie'' is applied to this cap, while in Canada it is known as a ''tuque''. |- | 60px | [Kufi](/source/Kufi) | A brimless, short, rounded cap worn by Africans and people throughout the African diaspora ([Umaru Yar'Adua](/source/Umaru_Yar'Adua), President of Nigeria) |- | 60px | [Mitre](/source/Mitre) | Distinctive hat worn by bishops in the [Roman Catholic Church](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church), [Eastern Orthodox Church](/source/Eastern_Orthodox_Church), the [Lutheran Church](/source/Lutheran_Church)es and the [Anglican Communion](/source/Anglican_Communion) ([Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI)) |- | 60px | [Montera](/source/Montera) | A crocheted hat worn by [bullfighters](/source/bullfighters) |- | 60px | [Panama](/source/Panama_hat) | Straw hat made in [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador) |- | 60px | [Phrygian cap](/source/Phrygian_cap) | A soft conical cap, pulled forward. In sculpture, paintings and caricatures it represents freedom and the pursuit of liberty. The popular cartoon characters [the Smurfs](/source/the_Smurfs) wear white or red Phrygian caps. |- |60px|Actress Doris Day wearing a pillbox hat in 1960 |[Pillbox hat](/source/Pillbox_hat) | A small hat with straight, upright sides, a flat [crown](/source/Brim_(hat)), and no brim. (Actress [Doris Day](/source/Doris_Day) wearing a [pillbox hat](/source/pillbox_hat) in 1960) |- | 60px | [Pith helmet](/source/Pith_helmet) | A lightweight, rigid, cloth-covered helmet made of cork or pith, with brims front and back. Worn by Europeans in tropical colonies in the 1800s. |- | 60px | [Rastacap](/source/Rastacap) | A tall, round, usually crocheted and brightly colored cap worn by [Rastafarians](/source/Rastafarians) and others with dreadlocks to tuck their locks away |- | 60px | [Rogatywka](/source/Rogatywka) | An asymmetrical, peaked, four-pointed cap used by various Polish military units throughout the ages |- | 60px | [Santa hat](/source/Santa_hat){{anchor|Santa Hat}} | A floppy, pointed, red [stocking cap](/source/stocking_cap), trimmed in white fur, traditionally associated with [Christmas](/source/Christmas) |- | 60px | [Sombrero](/source/Sombrero) | A Mexican hat with a conical crown and a very wide, saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered and made of plush felt |- |60px| | [Tam o'Shanter](/source/Tam_o'_shanter_(cap)) | A traditional flat, round [Scottish](/source/Scotland) cap usually worn by men (in the British military sometimes abbreviated ''ToS'') |- | 60px | [Top hat](/source/Top_hat) | Also known as a [beaver hat](/source/beaver_hat), a ''magician's hat'', or, in the case of the tallest examples, a ''stovepipe hat''. A tall, flat-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, now worn only with morning dress or evening dress. Cartoon characters [Uncle Sam](/source/Uncle_Sam) and [Mr. Monopoly](/source/Rich_Uncle_Pennybags) are often depicted wearing such hats. Once made from felted beaver fur. |- | 60px | [Toque](/source/Toque) | A tall, pleated, brimless, cylindrical hat, informally, known as a ''chef's hat'' |- | 60px | [Tricorne](/source/Tricorne) | A soft hat with a low crown and broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape. Worn by Europeans in the 18th century. Larger, taller, and heavily ornamented brims were present in France and the [Papal States](/source/Papal_States). |- | 60px | [Turban](/source/Turban) | A headdress consisting of a scarf-like single piece of cloth wound around either the head itself or an inner hat |- | 60px | [Ushanka](/source/Ushanka) | A Russian fur hat with fold-down ear-flaps |- | 60px | [Zucchetto](/source/Zucchetto) | Skullcap worn by clerics, typically in Roman Catholicism and Evangelical-Lutheranism |} == Size == Hat sizes are determined by measuring the [circumference](/source/circumference) of a person's head about {{convert|1|cm|in|frac=5}} above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. [Felt](/source/Felt) hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like [hard hat](/source/hard_hat)s and [baseball cap](/source/baseball_cap)s, are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in "standard sizes", such as small, medium, large, extra large: the mapping of measured size to the various "standard sizes" varies from maker to maker and style to style, as can be seen by studying various catalogues, such as [Hammacher Schlemmer](/source/Hammacher_Schlemmer).{{cite web |url=http://www.enduroworld.com.au/helmet_sizes.htm |title= Helmet sizes |publisher=Enduroworld.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325032202/http://www.enduroworld.com.au/helmet_sizes.htm|archive-date=March 25, 2012}}
{| class="wikitable" |+ '''Hat sizes'''{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} ! size || || || || || Youth S/M ||Youth L/XL || XXS || XS ||S || M || L || XL || XXL || XXXL |- ! Age (years) | 0 || {{frac|1|2}} || 1 || {{frac|1|1|2}} || 2 || || || || || || || || || |- style="text-align:center;" ! Circumference in cm | 34 || 43 || 47 || 48 || 49 || 50 || 51–52 || 53–54 || 55–56 || 57–58 || 59–60 || 61–62 || 63–64 || 65–66 |- style="text-align:center;" ! Circumference in inches | {{frac|13|3|8}} || 17 || {{frac|18|1|2}} || {{frac|18|3|4}} || {{frac|19|1|4}} || {{frac|19|3|4}} || {{frac|20|1|8}}–{{frac|20|1|2}} || {{frac|20|5|8}}–{{frac|21|1|4}} || {{frac|21|5|8}}–22 || 22{{frac|1|2}}–22{{frac|7|8}}|| 23{{frac|1|4}}–23{{frac|5|8}}|| 24–24{{frac|3|8}}|| 24{{frac|3|4}}–25{{Frac|1|4}} || 25–26 |- style="text-align:center;" !UK hat size | || || 5 || 5{{frac|3|4}} || 6–6{{Frac|1|8}} || 6{{Frac|1|4}}–6{{frac|3|8}} || 6{{Frac|1|2}}–6{{frac|5|8}} || 6{{frac|3|4}}–6{{frac|7|8}}|| 7–7{{frac|1|8}}|| 7{{Frac|1|4}}–7{{Frac|3|8}}|| 7{{Frac|1|2}}–7{{frac|5|8}} || 7{{frac|3|4}}–7{{frac|7|8}}|| 8–8{{frac|1|8}} |- style="text-align:center;" !US hat size | || || 5{{frac|7|8}}|| 6 || 6{{frac|1|8}}|| 6{{Frac|1|4}} || 6{{frac|3|8}}–6{{frac|1|2}} || 6{{frac|5|8}}–6{{frac|3|4}} || 6{{Frac|7|8}}–7 || 7{{Frac|1|8}}–7{{Frac|1|4}} || 7{{Frac|3|8}}–7{{frac|1|2}} || 7{{Frac|5|8}}–7{{frac|3|4}} || 7{{Frac|7|8}}–8 || 8{{Frac|1|8}}–8{{Frac|1|4}} |- style="text-align:center;" !French hat size | || || 0 || {{frac|1|2}} || 1 || 1{{frac|1|2}} || 2–2{{frac|1|2}} || 3–3{{frac|1|2}} || 4–4{{frac|1|2}} || 5–5{{frac|1|2}} || 6–6{{frac|1|2}} || 7–7{{frac|1|2}} || 8–8{{frac|1|2}} || 9–9{{frac|1|2}} |}
US hat size is a measurement of head diameter in inches. It can be computed from a measurement of circumference in centimeters by dividing by 8, because multiplying 2.54 (the number of centimeters per inch) by {{pi}} (the multiplier to give circumference from diameter) is almost exactly 8. == Gallery == File:Hermes warrior Louvre G515.jpg|[Hermes](/source/Hermes) wearing a [petasos](/source/petasos) hat, Attic [red-figure](/source/Red-figure_pottery) [krater](/source/krater), {{circa|380–370 BC}} File:Altes Museum-Tanagra-lady with fan.jpg|[Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greece) statue of a lady with blue and gilt garment, a fan and a sun hat, from [Tanagra](/source/Tanagra), {{circa|325–300 BC}} File:1822-Millinery-shop-Paris-Chalon.jpg|[Paris](/source/Paris) [millinery](/source/Hatmaking) shop, France, 1822 File:Ion Theodorescu-Sion - Iluzie optică, Furnica, 30 oct 1908.JPG|Hat fashions have sometimes been the subject of ridicule. This 1908 cartoon by [Ion Theodorescu-Sion](/source/Ion_Theodorescu-Sion), which first appeared in a [Romania](/source/Romania)n publication, satirised the popularity of [mushroom hat](/source/mushroom_hat)s. File:Mode. Hattar. Modeplansch från 1911 - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0033994.jpg|Women's [picture hat](/source/picture_hat)s from 1911. File:Mathias Schmid.Man in a hat.Panel, 7.5 x 6.5 cm.jpg|Mathias Schmid (Austria, 1835-1923). Man in a hat File:Douglas Fairbanks at third Liberty Loan rally HD-SN-99-02174.JPEG|[New York City](/source/New_York_City), 1918: A large crowd of people, almost all wearing hats File:Heatfacroty 1.jpg|Family-owned hat factory in [Montevarchi](/source/Montevarchi), Italy, date unknown File:A customer tries on a new hat in the millinery department of Bourne and Hollingsworth on London's Oxford Street in 1942. D6596.jpg|Millinery department of [Bourne & Hollingsworth](/source/Bourne_%26_Hollingsworth), in London's [Oxford Street](/source/Oxford_Street) in 1942. Unlike most other clothing, hats were not strictly rationed in [wartime](/source/World_War_II) Britain and there was an explosion of adventurous millinery styles. File:John Paul II Medal of Freedom 2004.jpg|[John Paul II](/source/John_Paul_II) wearing a [zucchetto](/source/zucchetto) File:Hat MET 1988.342.1a.jpg|17th century openwork hat [Metropolitan Museum of Art](/source/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art){{cite web |url= https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81227 |title=Hat, British, 17th century |website=[Metropolitan Museum of Art](/source/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) website }} File:Woman with hat in red dress, North Beach SF.jpg|Classic wide-brimmed Western hat crafted in [felt](/source/Felt), [North Beach](/source/North_Beach%2C_San_Francisco), San Francisco == See also == * [Chapeaugraphy](/source/Chapeaugraphy) * [Headgear](/source/Headgear) * [List of hat styles](/source/List_of_hat_styles) * [List of headgear](/source/List_of_headgear) * [List of outerwear](/source/List_of_outerwear) == Further reading == * Capp, Bernard (2026). "[The Cultural, Social, and Ideological Role of the Hat in Early Modern England](/source/doi%3A10.1017%2FS0018246X26101460)". ''The Historical Journal.'' == References == ===Notes=== {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}} ===Citations=== {{reflist}} == External links == * {{wikiquote-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline|Hats}} * {{wiktionary-inline}} {{Hats}} {{Headgear}} {{Clothing}} {{Authority control}} Category:Hats Category:History of fashion --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.