# Hasan Turkmani

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Syrian politician (1935–2012)

Lieutenant General Hasan Turkmani حسن توركماني‎ Deputy Vice President for Military Affairs In office 3 June 2009 – 18 July 2012 President Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab 13th Minister of Defense In office 12 May 2004 – 3 June 2009 Preceded by Mustafa Tlass Succeeded by Ali Habib Mahmud 18th Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army In office 23 January 2002 – 12 May 2004 Preceded by Ali Aslan Succeeded by Ali Habib Mahmud Member of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch In office 9 June 2005 – 18 July 2012 Personal details Born Hasan Ali Turkmani 1 January 1935 Aleppo, French Mandate of Syria Died 18 July 2012 (aged 77) Damascus, Syria Party Ba'ath Party Military service Allegiance Second Syrian Republic (1955–1958) United Arab Republic (1958–1961) Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) Ba'athist Syria (1963–2012) Branch/service Syrian Arab Army Years of service 1955–2012 Rank Lieutenant General Battles/wars Six-Day War Yom Kippur War Syrian Civil War

**Hasan Ali Turkmani** ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): حسن توركماني; 27 January 1935 – 18 July 2012) was a Syrian military officer and politician who served as [Syria](/source/Syria)'s [Minister of Defense](/source/Ministry_of_Defense_(Syria)) from 2004 to 2009.[1]

He was among four top Syrian government officials killed in a [bombing](/source/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing) in [Damascus](/source/Damascus) on 18 July 2012.

## Early life

Hasan Turkmani was born in [Aleppo](/source/Aleppo) in 1935 into a Syrian [Sunni Muslim](/source/Sunni_Muslim) family[2][3] of [Turkmen](/source/Syrian_Turkmen) origin.[4]

## Career

Turkmani joined the [Syrian Army](/source/Syrian_Army) in 1955 as an infantry officer. He was one of the first officers to graduate on the new mechanized units of the [BMP-1](/source/BMP-1) and [BTR-60](/source/BTR-60) armoured vehicles. He completed a staff course for combined arms operations from East Germany in 1965, and a Command and Staff Course from Egypt in 1969. He commanded the [9th Mechanized Infantry Division](/source/9th_Armoured_Division_(Syria)) which fought a crucial rearguard action around Damascus in 1973.[5] He was promoted to the rank of major general in 1975.[2] Turkmani also began to serve as a member of the central committee of [the Baath Party](/source/Ba'ath_Party_(Syria)) beginning in 2000.[6][7] He was the deputy chief of staff in [the Syrian army](/source/Syrian_Army) until 2002.[8] He was appointed chief of staff on 23 January 2002, replacing [Ali Aslan](/source/Ali_Aslan).[2][9] Since he was a [Sunni Muslim](/source/Sunni_Muslim), his appointment was considered as a move to restore a touch of sectarian diversity to Syria's military-intelligence establishment, which had been dominated by [Alawites](/source/Alawites).[2]

On 12 May 2004, he became defense minister, replacing [Mustafa Tlass](/source/Mustafa_Tlass).[10][11] On the other hand, [Ali Habib Mahmoud](/source/Ali_Habib_Mahmoud) succeeded Turkmani as chief of staff.[11] In June 2006, Turkmani visited [Tehran](/source/Tehran) and signed a strategic alliance agreement with his Iranian counterpart [Mustafa Mohammad Najjar](/source/Mostafa_Mohammad-Najjar) to form a joint defense committee.[12]

Turkmani was replaced in June 2009 by the former army chief [Ali Habib Mahmud](/source/Ali_Habib_Mahmud) as defense minister.[13] On 3 June 2009, President Bashar Assad appointed Turkmani as assistant vice president with the rank of minister.[14] He was also appointed chief of crisis operations and was widely blamed for the campaign of torture in Syria.[15] In addition, Turkmani was a military advisor to Vice Fresident [Farouk Sharaa](/source/Farouk_al-Sharaa).[16]

In June 2011, President Bashar al-Assad send a special military and security delegation led by General Hasan Turkmani to the Turkish capital of [Ankara](/source/Ankara) to meet Turkish Prime Minister [Recep Tayyip Erdoğan](/source/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan).[17] On 15 June 2011, Turkmani said that they would discuss relations between Turkey and Syria, congratulate Erdoğan on his election victory and thank him welcoming Syrian refugees into the country.[18]

## Rumoured death

On 19 May 2012, the [Free Syrian Army](/source/Free_Syrian_Army)'s (FSA) Damascus council announced that one of their operatives from the FSA's Al Sahabeh battalion had successfully poisoned all eight members of Bashar Assad's [Central Crisis Management Cell (CCMC)](/source/Central_Crisis_Management_Cell), a group of top military officials who ran the Syrian army's daily operations. The Free Syrian Army's Damascus council said they believed at least six of the eight members, including Turkmani, [Assef Shawkat](/source/Assef_Shawkat), [Mohammad al-Shaar](/source/Mohammad_Ibrahim_al-Shaar), [Daoud Rajha](/source/Daoud_Rajha), [Hisham Ikhtiyar](/source/Hisham_Ikhtiyar) and Mohammad Said Bakhtian, had been killed. Mohammad al-Shaar, then interior minister, and Hasan Turkmani, then assistant vice president, denied their rumoured deaths on State TV, calling it "categorically baseless".[19][20]

## Assassination and funeral

Hasan Turkmani was assassinated on 18 July 2012 [in a bombing](/source/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing) by opposition militants on a meeting of the [Central Crisis Management Cell (CCMC)](/source/Central_Crisis_Management_Cell) at the national security building in [Rawda Square](/source/Rawda_Square), north-west Damascus, where the minister of defense [Dawoud Rajiha](/source/Dawoud_Rajiha), his deputy [Assef Shawkat](/source/Assef_Shawkat) and other top officials were also killed.[21] Turkmani died of his wounds after the attack.[22] Dozens of civiliants were injured. A state funeral was held for him, Dawoud Rajiha and Assef Shawkat in Damascus on 20 July 2012.[23]

## Personal life

Hasan Turkmani's son Muhammad Bilal owned the weekly political magazine *[Abyad wa Aswad](/source/Abyad_wa_Aswad)* ("Black and White" in English).[1][24]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bar_S.436_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bar_S.436_1-1) Bar, Shmuel (2006). ["Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110723214138/http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf) (PDF). *Comparative Strategy*. **25** (5): 436. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/01495930601105412](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01495930601105412). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [154739379](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154739379). Archived from [the original](http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf) (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-meib_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-meib_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-meib_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-meib_2-3) Gambill, Gary C. (February 2002). ["The Military-Intelligence Shakeup in Syria"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190507121032/https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0202_s1.htm). *Middle East Intelligence Bulletin*. **4** (2). Archived from [the original](http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0202_s1.htm) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fahim_3-0)** Fahim, Kareem (19 July 2012). ["Profiles of Syrian Officials Targeted in Damascus Blast"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/19/world/middleeast/profiles-of-syrian-officials-targeted-in-damascus-blast.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 8 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Al-Akhbar (2012). ["Damascus Bombing: The Assassinated Generals"](http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/9987). *Al Akhbar English*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161010130131/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/9987) from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016. He was born in Aleppo, the capital of northern Syria, in 1935 to parents of Turkish origins. He studied in the city until he enrolled in the Military Academy, graduating as an expert in field artillery.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Batatu1999_5-0)** Hanna Batatu (1999). [*Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Cvhg3YHIoC&pg=PA228). Princeton University Press. p. 228. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-691-00254-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00254-5). Retrieved 27 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-mou1jun_6-0)** Moubayed, Sami (26 May – 1 June 2005). ["The faint smell of jasmine"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130325171127/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm). *Al Ahram Weekly*. **744**. Archived from [the original](http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm) on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Maddy-Weitzman2002_7-0)** Bruce Maddy-Weitzman (2002). [*Middle East Contemporary Survey, Vol. 24, 2000*](https://books.google.com/books?id=r01_GDIeTuUC&pg=PA558). The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 558. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-965-224-054-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-224-054-5). Retrieved 8 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-zisser_8-0)** Zisser, Eyal (June 2004). ["Bashar al-Asad and his Regime- Between Continuity and Change"](http://www.ou.edu/mideast/Additional%20pages%20-%20non-catagory/Zisser_al-Asad_and_his_Regime_2004.htm). *Orient*. **45** (2): 239–256. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-wire30mar_9-0)** Blanche, Ed (30 March 2002). ["'Coup-proof' Arab regimes must tread carefully in changing world"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121126201449/http://lebanonwire.com/aa-lebanon/02033012DS.htm). *Lebanon Wire*. Archived from [the original](http://www.lebanonwire.com/aa-lebanon/02033012DS.htm) on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-hin2011_10-0)** Hinnebusch, Raymond (2011). "The Ba'th Party in Post-Ba'thist Syria: President, Party and the Struggle for 'Reform'". *Middle East Critique*. **20** (2): 109–125. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/19436149.2011.572408](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19436149.2011.572408). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [144573563](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144573563).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Leverett2005_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Leverett2005_11-1) Flynt Lawrence Leverett (1 January 2005). [*Inheriting Syria: Bashar's Trial by Fire*](https://archive.org/details/inheritingsyria00flyn). Brookings Institution Press. pp. [191](https://archive.org/details/inheritingsyria00flyn/page/191). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8157-5206-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-5206-6). Retrieved 12 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-abb08win_12-0)** Samii, Abbas William (Winter 2008). ["A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hizbullah-Iran-Syria Relationship"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120904231246/http://sino-west.org/sjtu/Stable.pdf) (PDF). *Middle East Journal*. **62** (1): 32–53. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3751/62.1.12](https://doi.org/10.3751%2F62.1.12). Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Syria names new defence minister"](http://www.france24.com/en/20090603-syria-names-new-defence-minister). [France 24](/source/France_24). 3 June 2009.[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-globalsec_14-0)** ["Syria Military. Defense Ministry"](http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/syria/defense.htm). Global Security. Retrieved 5 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-tdbeast_15-0)** Ibish, Hussein (17 July 2012). ["Assad is Doomed"](http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/18/assad-is-doomed.html). *The Daily Beast*. Retrieved 17 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nyt1812_16-0)** Neil MacFarquhar; Dalal Mawad (18 July 2012). ["Blast Kills Core Syrian Security Officials"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/19/world/middleeast/suicide-attack-reported-in-damascus-as-more-generals-flee.html?pagewanted=all). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Erdogan to Assad: Stop the violence, implement reforms"](https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=225002). *The Jerusalem Post*. 14 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Syrian president's envoy to meet Turkish PM"](http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-06/15/content_12706909.htm). *Xinhua*. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-tgmay_19-0)** ["Six senior figures in Assad regime killed, rebel army says"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/may/20/syria-damascus-clashes-assassinations#block-12). *The Guardian*. 20 May 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-aarabiya20may_20-0)** ["High-ranking Syrian officials deny reports of their own assassinations"](http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/20/215270.html). *Al Arabiya*. 20 May 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-abcap_21-0)** Bassem Mroue; Elizabeth A. Kennedy (18 July 2012). ["Ex-Syrian Defense Minister Said Killed in Damascus"](https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/fighting-spikes-damascus-vote-syria-16800432#.UAbIRGGmiGU). *ABC*. AP. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-reu1812_22-0)** Dominic Evans; Khaled Yacoub Oweis (18 July 2012). ["Bomb kills men at heart of Assad rule as Syria fight rages"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE8610SH20120718). *Reuters*. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-naharnet2012_23-0)** ["Syria National Security Chief Dies of Wounds, State Funerals Held for Slain Officials"](http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/47225-syria-national-security-chief-dies-of-wounds-state-funerals-held-for-slain-officials). *Naharnet*. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Blandford, Nicholas (1 February 2005). ["Syrian media liberalisation causes a stir"](http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Syrian+media+liberalisation+causes+a+stir%3A+Nicholas+Blanford+reports...-a0128792708). *The Middle East*. Retrieved 2 October 2013.

v t e Syrian ministers of defense Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) Arab Kingdom of Syria al-Ulshi al-'Azma French Mandate of Syria (1920–1946)1 French Mandate of Syria al-Atrash al-Quwatli al-Ayyubi al-Bukhari First and Second Syrian Republic (1946–1958) Syrian Arab Republic Mardam Bey al-Azm al-Jabiri al-'Azma al-Sharabati al-Za'im Atfeh al-Hawrani Selu Barmada al-Khatib Khankan al-Dawalibi al-Ghazzi Raslan United Arab Republic (1958–1961) United Arab Republic Amer Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) Syrian Arab Republic al-Kuzbari al-Nuss Barmada Zahreddine Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) Syrian Arab Republic al-Sufi al-Hariri Ziade Jaber Ubayd Umran al-Assad Tlass Turkmani Mahmud Rajiha al-Freij Ayyoub Abbas Transitional period (2024–present) Syrian Arab Republic Abu Qasra 1 The post was established in 1932.

v t e Chiefs of General Staff of the Army and the Armed Forces of Syria Second Syrian Republic (1946–1958) Abdullah Atfeh Husni al-Za'im Sami al-Hinnawi Anwar Bannud Fawzi Selu Shawkat Shuqayr Tawfiq Nizam al-Din United Arab Republic (1958–1961) Afif al-Bizri Jamal al-Faisal Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) Abd al-Karim Zahr al-Din Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) Ziad al-Hariri Salah Jadid Ahmed Suwaydani Mustafa Tlass Yusuf Shakkur Hikmat al-Shihabi Ali Aslan Hasan Turkmani Ali Habib Mahmud Dawoud Rajiha Fahd Jassem al-Freij Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Salim Harba Abdul Karim Mahmoud Ibrahim Syrian Arab Republic (2024–present) Ali Noureddine al-Naasan

v t e Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction History Predecessors Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq Founders Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar Pre-split 1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état Post-split 17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt 8th Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba'ath Party Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Leadership General Secretaries Pre-split Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz Iraqi-dominated faction Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar* Syrian-dominated faction Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad Regional Secretaries Iraq Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed* Jordan Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi* Lebanon Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei Palestine Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem* Syria Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Members of the National Command Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Michel Aflaq Abdullah al-Ahmar Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Salah al-Din al-Bitar Elias Farah Hakem Al-Fayez Wahib al-Ghanim Amin al-Hafiz Akram al-Hourani Salah Jadid Zuheir Mohsen Munif Razzaz Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Talib El-Shibib Khaled Yashruti Members of the Regional Commands Iraq Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel Lebanon Musa Shuaib Syria Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin Yemen Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab Heads of state Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Syria Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafez al-Assad Presidency Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad Presidency Heads of government Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai Syria Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali * = incumbent Organization Regional branches Iraqi-dominated faction Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen Syrian-dominated faction Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen Committees Control and Inspection Committee Military Committee Newspapers Al-Ba'ath Sawt al-Jamahir Al-Thawra Al-Souria Popular fronts National Progressive Front (Iraq) National Progressive Front (Syria) Wings Paramilitary Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Jaysh Muhammad al-Fatih National Defense Battalions National Defence Forces Popular Army Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Syrian Popular Resistance Others General Federation of Trade Unions General Union of Peasants National Union of Syrian Students Revolutionary Youth Union Associated organizations Armed groups Al-Abud Network Free Iraqi Army Rejectionists Snake Party Breakaway groups Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Arab Socialist Movement Damascus branch Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party Arabic Toilers' Movement Al-Awda Arab Democratic Socialist Ba'ath Party Palestinian Arab Front Socialist Lebanon Sudanese Ba'ath Party Political alliances Current Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces Former Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front Political parties Arab Socialist Union Party Arab Democratic Union Party Democratic Socialist Unionist Party Kurdistan Revolutionary Party Libyan National Movement National Covenant Party Popular Unity Party Sawab Social Democratic Unionists Socialist Unionist Party Syrian Communist Party Bakdash Unified Syrian Social Nationalist Party Intifada Wing in Lebanon Miscellaneous Ideology Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadism Ba'athism Left-wing populism Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Revolutionary socialism Romantic nationalism Saddamism Secularism Socialism Ta'addudiyya Vanguardism Literature The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection Symbolism Arḍulfurātayni Pan-Arab colors Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National United States Other IdRef

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hasan Turkmani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Turkmani) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Turkmani?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.