# Harold Interlocking

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Railroad junction in New York City

Harold Interlocking and Sunnyside Yard in 1977

**Harold Interlocking** is a large railroad junction in [New York City](/source/New_York_City). The busiest rail junction in the United States,[1] it serves trains on [Amtrak](/source/Amtrak)'s [Northeast Corridor](/source/Northeast_Corridor) and the [Long Island Rail Road](/source/Long_Island_Rail_Road)'s [Main Line](/source/Main_Line_(Long_Island_Rail_Road)) and [Port Washington Branch](/source/Port_Washington_Branch), which diverge at the junction.

Reconstruction work on Harold Interlocking started in 2009, as part of the [East Side Access](/source/East_Side_Access) project to bring LIRR service to a [new station](/source/Grand_Central_Madison_station) under [Grand Central Terminal](/source/Grand_Central_Terminal). As part of the project, two tunnels for Northeast Corridor trains to bypass Harold Interlocking were built to reduce congestion and accidents.

## Location and operation

v t e Harold Interlocking track diagram Legend 3 1 2 4 1 2 LIRR Main Line to Woodside (third rail power) 1 2 LIRR Port Washington Branch to Woodside (third rail power) Amtrak Northeast Corridor to New Rochelle (catenary power) third rail ends (Amtrak) ↑ third rail begins (Amtrak) ↓ catenary begins (LIRR) ↓ catenary ends (LIRR) ↑ catenary begins (LIRR) ↓ Sunnyside Yard loop East Side Access (third rail power) to Sunnyside Yard loop Northeast Corridor bypass (catenary power) Amtrak NE Corridor to Penn Station (catenary/third rail power) 4 2 3 B 1 East River Tunnels track numbers LIRR Main Line to Hunterspoint Avenue (catenary/third rail power) ML1 ML2 Main Line track numbers Track numbers at bottom of diagram correspond with track numbers approaching the East River Tunnels[2] Key Harold Interlocking Outside interlocking, normally used by LIRR Outside interlocking, normally used by both Outside interlocking, normally used by Amtrak Outside interlocking, normally not used

The junction sits in [Queens](/source/Queens), New York, east of the [East River Tunnels](/source/East_River_Tunnels) and next to Amtrak's and [NJ Transit Rail Operations](/source/NJ_Transit_Rail_Operations)' [Sunnyside Yard](/source/Sunnyside_Yard). It sees 783 trains each weekday,[3][4] including more than 40 per hour at [peak periods](/source/Rush_hour). The [interlocking](/source/Interlocking) serves Amtrak trains on the Northeast Corridor and the [Long Island Rail Road](/source/Long_Island_Rail_Road) (LIRR), whose [Main Line](/source/Main_Line_(Long_Island_Rail_Road)) and [Port Washington Branch](/source/Port_Washington_Branch) diverge from the Corridor here.

View from a nearby overpass

Entering the Harold Interlocking on the LIRR from the east

The complexity of the junction and the large volume of traffic have caused frequent delays and occasional accidents.[5][6]

## History

The [Pennsylvania Railroad](/source/Pennsylvania_Railroad) built the Harold Interlocking in 1908 as part of the [New York Tunnel Extension](/source/New_York_Tunnel_Extension) project, which built [Pennsylvania Station](/source/Pennsylvania_Station_(1910%E2%80%931963)), the [North River Tunnels](/source/North_River_Tunnels) (under the [Hudson River](/source/Hudson_River)), the East River Tunnels and Sunnyside Yard.[3]

The interlocking was renovated over a nine-week period in summer 1990,[7] several months after a power surge caused trains to be stuck in the interlocking. Since the 1990s, Harold Interlocking has been controlled from a tower at Penn Station.[5]

## East Side Access improvements

The [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](/source/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority) (MTA) began construction of several infrastructure improvements to the junction area in 2009, but a major project to redesign and rebuild the interlocking required additional funding.[8]

In May 2011, a $294.7 million federal grant was awarded to address congestion at the interlocking.[9] The work allowed for a [grade-separated](/source/Flying_junction) route between the [East River Tunnels](/source/East_River_Tunnels) and the [Hell Gate Bridge](/source/Hell_Gate_Bridge) for Amtrak trains traveling to or from [New England](/source/New_England), thus avoiding LIRR traffic. Northeast Corridor trains from the Hell Gate Bridge and New England would be able to avoid the junction entirely, while trains to the Hell Gate Bridge and New England would be able to bypass a major section of the junction. The MTA undertook this effort as part of the adjacent [East Side Access](/source/East_Side_Access) project to bring LIRR service to Grand Central Terminal.[1] By November 2018[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Interlocking&action=edit), two of three East Side Access tunnel portals had been built at Harold Interlocking;[10] the remaining portal was completed by early 2021.[11] The full East Side Access project was completed on January 25, 2023, in line with the MTA's schedule estimates.[12][13]

## Other improvements

Work on the Northeast Corridor bypass started in 2013.[14] However, by October 2015, the tunnels were behind schedule because Amtrak and the MTA could not cooperate on track access schedules.[15] These delays ultimately raised construction costs by almost $1 billion as of April 2018,[16] and in a report that month, the MTA attributed the delays to a lack of cooperation on Amtrak's part.[17]: 27–31 The work at Harold Interlocking also included the installation of a [microprocessor-based interlocking logic](/source/Interlocking#Electronic_interlocking), replacing the old [relay-based one](/source/Interlocking#Relay_interlocking).[18][19]

While some of the interlocking improvement projects are complete as of early 2023, several other projects are ongoing and will be complete by late 2025.[20]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mta-harold_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mta-harold_1-1) ["Harold Interlocking Northeast Corridor Congestion Relief Project"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160503222731/http://web.mta.info/capital/harold_alt.html). *Capital Program*. New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Archived from [the original](http://web.mta.info/capital/harold_alt.html) on May 3, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Lynch, Andrew (2020). ["New York City Subway Track Map"](https://www.vanshnookenraggen.com/_index/docs/NYC_full_trackmap.pdf) ([PDF](/source/PDF)). *vanshnookenraggen.com*. Retrieved February 6, 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bibel_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bibel_3-1) Bibel, George (2012). *Train Wreck: The Forensics of Rail Disasters*. JHU Press. p. 83. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781421406527](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781421406527).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Via, Cynthia (August 30, 2011). ["Federal transit funding arrives for Sunnyside Yards"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160604022214/http://www.foresthillstimes.com/view/full_story/15269781/article-Federal-transit-funding-arrives-for-Sunnyside-Yards). *Forest Hills/Rego Park Times*. Archived from [the original](http://www.foresthillstimes.com/view/full_story/15269781/article-Federal-transit-funding-arrives-for-Sunnyside-Yards) on June 4, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mcgeehan_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mcgeehan_5-1) McGeehan, Patrick (May 22, 2012). ["Guiding Hundreds of Trains, a Junction Named Harold"](https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/22/guiding-hundreds-of-trains-a-junction-named-harold/). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151027062204/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/22/guiding-hundreds-of-trains-a-junction-named-harold/) from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Rail Safety Section Abbreviated Report. Case No. 6935; Date of Accident: March 29, 2002; Carrier: Long Island Rail Road; Type of Accident: Collision"](https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/osss/rail-repository/6935%20Collision%20LIRR.htm). *Office of Modal Safety & Security*. New York State Public Transportation Safety Board. October 18, 2002. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160804211900/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/osss/rail-repository/6935%20Collision%20LIRR.htm) from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Lyall, Sarah (July 3, 1990). ["'Waiting for Harold,' a L.I.R.R. Saga"](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/03/nyregion/waiting-for-harold-a-lirr-saga.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved December 1, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Nunez, Jenifer (December 8, 2015). ["MTA reaches two milestones on East Side Access"](http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/rapid-transit-light-rail/mta-reaches-two-milestones-on-east-side-access.html). *Railway Track & Structures*. Simmons-Boardman.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Colvin, Jill (May 9, 2011). ["New York Awarded $350 Million for High-Speed Rail Projects"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110513083616/http://www.dnainfo.com/20110509/midtown/new-york-awarded-350-million-for-highspeed-rail-projects). DNAinfo.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.dnainfo.com/20110509/midtown/new-york-awarded-350-million-for-highspeed-rail-projects) on May 13, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["East Side Access: Bringing Long Island Rail Road Service to the East Side of Manhattan LIRR Committee Report"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190424014736/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/docs/181113_ESA_LIRR_Committee_Report_FINAL.PDF) (PDF). MTA. November 13, 2018. Archived from [the original](http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/docs/181113_ESA_LIRR_Committee_Report_FINAL.PDF) (PDF) on April 24, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["East Side Access Approach Structure Selected as a "Top Project" by RT&S"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221114233526/https://www.amodernli.com/east-side-access-approach-structure-selected-as-a-top-project-by-rts/). *A Modern LI*. March 18, 2021. Archived from [the original](https://www.amodernli.com/east-side-access-approach-structure-selected-as-a-top-project-by-rts/) on November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Castillo_20221219_12-0)** Castillo, Alfonso A. (December 19, 2022). ["LIRR shuttle service to start before full opening of Grand Central Madison"](https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/lirr-east-side-access-vgcvbq8m). *Newsday*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221219132614/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/lirr-east-side-access-vgcvbq8m) from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hoogensen_2022_13-0)** Hoogensen, Finn (December 19, 2022). ["LIRR to offer direct train between Grand Central Madison and Jamaica, Queens"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221222012341/https://pix11.com/news/local-news/lirr-to-offer-direct-train-between-grand-central-madison-and-jamaica/). *PIX11*. Archived from [the original](https://pix11.com/news/local-news/lirr-to-offer-direct-train-between-grand-central-madison-and-jamaica/) on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Nunez, Jenifer (July 18, 2013). ["East Side Access trackwork to speed LIRR and Amtrak trains"](http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/commuter-regional/east-side-access-trackwork-to-speed-lirr-and-amtrak-trains.html). *Railway Track & Structures*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180315202905/http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/commuter-regional/east-side-access-trackwork-to-speed-lirr-and-amtrak-trains.html) from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Castillo, Alfonso A. (October 3, 2015). ["MTA 'megaproject' challenged by Amtrak"](https://www.newsday.com/long-island/amtrak-s-lack-of-cooperation-will-delay-east-side-access-mta-says-t23257). *Newsday*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134316/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/amtrak-s-lack-of-cooperation-will-delay-east-side-access-mta-says-1.10918335) from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Castillo_2018_16-0)** Castillo, Alfonso A. (April 15, 2018). ["East Side Access price tag now stands at $11.2B"](https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-f06540). *Newsday*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180415065109/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-1.18020231) from the original on April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MTA-CPOC-Apr2018_17-0)** ["Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180421094508/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/180423_1330_CPOC.pdf) (PDF). MTA. April 23, 2018. Archived from [the original](http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/180423_1330_CPOC.pdf) (PDF) on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Castillo, Alfonso A. (March 1, 2018). ["MTA: Another snag for East Side Access project"](https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/mta-east-side-access-a82683). *Newsday*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200643/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/mta-east-side-access-1.17787714) from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["LIRR to test upgraded signal system for East Side Access project. For Railroad Career Professionals"](https://www.progressiverailroading.com/c_s/news/LIRR-to-test-upgraded-signal-system-for-East-Side-Access-project--54361). *Progressive Railroading*. April 5, 2018. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200830/https://www.progressiverailroading.com/c_s/news/LIRR-to-test-upgraded-signal-system-for-East-Side-Access-project--54361) from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [Milestone Report; Network Expansion—Regional Investments](http://dsearch.mta.info/ibi_apps/WFServlet?IBIF_ex=capitaldashboard_live/milestone_report_pf.fex&AGENCY=G&CATEGORY=All&PHASE=All&TIMELINE=T3&SCHEDSTAT=TL&CATDES=All%20Categories) (Report). MTA. Retrieved February 8, 2023.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Harold Interlocking](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harold_Interlocking).

- [Map of Harold Interlocking](http://web.mta.info/capital/harold_alt.html)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*] - MTA

- ["Inside Sunnyside Yards, New York City's Next Megaproject"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150926060323/http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2015/02/19/inside_sunnyside_yards_new_york_citys_next_megaproject.php) – ny.curbed.com (February 19, 2015)

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[40°44′55″N 73°55′37″W / 40.7485°N 73.927°W / 40.7485; -73.927](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harold_Interlocking&params=40.7485_N_73.927_W_)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Harold Interlocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Interlocking) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Interlocking?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.