# Hardap Dam > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hardap_Dam > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Hardap_Dam.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardap_Dam > Source revision: 1324424252 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) 2nd largest dam in Namibia Dam in km , south of Windhoek Hardap Dam View of Hardap Dam at sunrise in April 2008 Interactive map of Hardap Dam Official name Hardap Dam Country Namibia Location 260 km (160 mi) south of Windhoek Coordinates 24°29′58″S 17°51′31″E / 24.49944°S 17.85861°E / -24.49944; 17.85861 Construction began 1960 Opening date 1963 Dam and spillways Impounds Fish River Reservoir Total capacity 320 million cubic metres (420,000,000 cu yd) Surface area 25 km2 (2,500 ha) The **Hardap Dam** is a dam close to [Mariental](/source/Mariental%2C_Namibia) in the [Hardap Region](/source/Hardap_Region) of central [Namibia](/source/Namibia). Built in 1963 while [Namibia was under South African occupation](/source/Namibia_under_South_African_occupation), the Hardap Dam had remained the largest dam in the country for more than five decades. After its completion in 2018, the [Neckertal](/source/Neckartal_Dam) Dam near Keetmanshoop has at least 3 times the capacity of the Hardap Dam. The Hardap reservoir dams the [Fish River](/source/Fish_River_(Namibia)) and is home to numerous examples of [wildlife of Namibia](/source/Wildlife_of_Namibia). ## Description First envisaged in 1897, Hardap Dam has a capacity of 320 million cubic metres (420,000,000 cu yd) and a surface area of 25 km2 (2,500 ha). Construction began in 1960 and was completed in 1963.[1] The Hardap Dam supplies Mariental and the surrounding settlements with potable water. Its location close to the city, however, also poses a danger of flooding when [sluices](/source/Sluice) have to be opened fully due to good rains in the Fish River's [catchment area](/source/Catchment_area). [Reed grasses](/source/Reed_grass) growing in the riverbed of the Fish River, slow down the flow of water and further aggravate the danger of flooding.[2] Before the dam was built, Mariental was flooded in 1923 and 1934. Floods after the commissioning of the dam occurred in 1972, 1974, 1976, 2000, and 2006. Since then, the dam's water level is kept at a maximum of 70% of its capacity to prevent both an overflow and an uncontrolled outflow through fully opened sluices.[2] ## Etymology The name Hardap derives from the Nama word meaning "nipple" or "wart",[3] which is how the surrounding area of low conical-shaped hills appeared to the early inhabitants. There are fishing spots at various points along the northern shore of the lake. Permits, and a map of permitted fishing areas, are available from the resort office, or from the magistrate's office in Mariental. ## Flora and fauna The area is home to the black rhino,[1] gemsbok, Hartmann's zebra, kudu, ostrich, springbok and steenbok.[4] There is also a large variety of bird species to be observed in and around the dam. [Great White Pelican](/source/Great_White_Pelican),[1] [cormorant](/source/Cormorant), [darter](/source/Darter) and [spoonbill](/source/Spoonbill) can be seen on the dam itself, as well as [fish eagle](/source/African_fish_eagle) and a small number of [osprey](/source/Osprey). The vegetation in the area is classified as dwarf shrub [savanna](/source/Savanna). The following trees occur: camel thorn, wild green-hair tree and buffalo thorn.[5] ## Tourism After a four-year period of renovation[4] the dam's recreational sites have been reopened in 2016. Activities at the dam include swimming, fishing, and bird watching. There is a restaurant and a shop.[1] ## Gallery - The dam wall from above, 2016 - View of the dam gates from above - Postage stamp commemorating the construction of the dam, 1961 - Animals at Hardap Dam: a Steenbok - A cape hyrax - Close-up of a Smelly Shepherd tree (*Boscia foetida*) - Familiar Chat ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NWR_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NWR_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NWR_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-NWR_1-3) ["Hardap Resort"](http://namibianwildliferesorts.com/accommodation/hardap-resort/). Namibian Wildlife Resorts. Retrieved 21 February 2017. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-sluices_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-sluices_2-1) Cloete, Luqman (21 February 2017). ["NamWater opens Hardap Dam sluices"](http://www.namibian.com.na/51389/read/NamWater-opens-Hardap-Dam-sluices). *[The Namibian](/source/The_Namibian)*. p. 1. (Full information only in the print version) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["IDreamAfrica"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120502155437/http://www.idreamafrica.com.na/context_links/context_link_content.php?key=Hardap). Archived from [the original](http://www.idreamafrica.com.na/context_links/context_link_content.php?key=Hardap) on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2011-10-12. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mariental_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mariental_4-1) ["Namibia 1on1: Mariental"](http://www.namibia-1on1.com/mariental.html). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["NambiWeb"](http://www.namibweb.com/hardap.htm). Authority control databases: Geographic Structurae --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hardap Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardap_Dam) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardap_Dam?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.