# Hao (length)
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{{Short description|Chinese unit of length}}
The '''Hao''' ({{lang-zh|t=毫|s=毫 |p=háo}}) in [Mandarin](/source/Mandarin_Chinese), or ''hou'' in [Cantonese](/source/Cantonese), is a traditional Chinese unit of length. One ''hao'' equals 1/10 of a ''[li](/source/li_(short))'', 1/10000 of a ''[chi](/source/chi_(unit))'', or 33+1⁄3 [μm](/source/Micrometre).[{{Cite book |last=Language Institute |first=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |title=新华字典 （附录：计量单位简表）([Xinhua Dictionary](/source/Xinhua_Dictionary), Appendix: Brief table of measurement units) |publisher=[The Commercial Press](/source/The_Commercial_Press) |year=2020 |isbn=978-7-100-17093-2 |edition=12th |location=Beijing |page=696 |language=Chinese}}][https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/毫]
==Chinese length units promulgated in 1915==
page=85|thumb|Chinese measurement law in 1915
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Table of Chinese length units promulgated in 1915[{{citation |contribution-url=http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/eng/detail.jsp?sysid=D1500002 |contribution=權度法 [''Quándù Fǎ''] |title=''政府公報 [''Zhèngfǔ Gōngbào'', ''Government Gazette'']'' |location=Beijing |volume=957 |publisher=Office of the President |date=7 January 1915 |pages=85–94 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. {{in lang|zh}}]
!Pinyin
!Character
!Relative value
!Metric value
!Imperial value
!Notes
|-
|align=center|''háo ''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|'''毫'''}}
|align=right|'''{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}'''
|align=right|'''32 μm'''
|align=right|'''{{val|0.00126|u=in}}'''
|align=right|
|-
|align=center|''[lí](/source/li_(short))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|釐}} (T) or {{lang|zh|厘}} (S)
|align=right|{{frac|1000}}
|align=right|0.32 mm
|align=right|0.0126 in
|align=right|
|-
|align=center|''[fēn](/source/Fen_(length))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|分}}
|align=right|{{frac|100}}
|align=right|3.2 mm
|align=right|0.126 in
|align=right|
|-
|align=center|''[cùn](/source/Cun_(unit))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|寸}}
|align=right|{{frac|10}}
|align=right|32 mm
|align=right|1.26 in
|align=left|Chinese inch
|-
|align=center|''[chǐ](/source/Chi_(length))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|尺}}
|align=right|1
|align=right|0.32 m
|align=right|12.6 in
|align=left|Chinese foot
|-
|align=center|''bù''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|步}}
|align=right|5
|align=right|1.6 m
|align=right|5.2 ft
|align=left|Chinese pace
|-
|align=center|''[zhàng](/source/zh%C3%A0ng)''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|丈}}
|align=right|10
|align=right|3.2 m
|align=right|3.50 yd
|align=left|Chinese yard
|-
|align=center|''[yǐn](/source/Yin_(length))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|引}}
|align=right|100
|align=right|32 m
|align=right|35.0 yd
|align=right|
|-
|align=center|''[lǐ](/source/li_(Chinese_unit))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|里}}
|align=right|1800
|align=right|576 m
|align=right|630 yd
|align=left|Chinese mile, this ''li'' is not the small ''li'' above,
which has a different [character](/source/Chinese_character) and [tone](/source/tone_(tonal_language))
|}
==Present law on Chinese length units ==
thumb|Chinese measurement law in 1929, effective 1 January 1930
This law of length measurement was issued by the Chinese government in 1929, and has been effective since 1 January 1930. The base unit ''chi'' is defined to be 1/3 meter.[{{Cite web|url=http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425025351/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-25 |title=The Weights and Measures Act (1929) |publisher=[Legislative Yuan](/source/Legislative_Yuan) }}][{{Cite book |last=Language Institute |first=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | title={{zhi|現代漢語詞典}} ([Contemporary Chinese Dictionary](/source/Contemporary_Chinese_Dictionary)) |publisher=[Commercial Press](/source/Commercial_Press) |year=2016 |isbn=978-7-100-12450-8 |edition=7th |location=Beijing |language=zh|pages=518, 1789}}][《中华人民共和国国务院公报》1959年第16号（总号：180）第316页《統一公制計量單位中文名称方案》（"Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China" No. 16, 1959 (Total No.: 180) p. 316 "Proposal for Unifying the Chinese Names of Metric Measurement Units" ）]
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Table of Chinese length units effective since 1930
which has a different [character](/source/Chinese_character) and [tone](/source/tone_(tonal_language))
|}
==Chinese length units in engineering==
These units are based on the metric system. The Chinese word for [metre](/source/metre) is {{lang|zh|米}} ''mǐ'', which can take the [Chinese standard SI prefixes](/source/Chinese_numerals) (for "kilo-", "centi-", etc.). In the engineering field, traditional units are rounded up to metric units.[{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1989016.htm 1981 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111151047/http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1989016.htm |date=2012-01-11 }}, [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1981/gwyb198118.pdf No. 365] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104042737/http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1981/gwyb198118.pdf |date=2014-11-04 }}, page 575, Table 7: SI prefixes][{{cite web |url=https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/f1698828903738.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113153412/https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/f1698828903738.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2024 |title=法定度量衡單位及前綴詞 |last= |first= |date=31 October 2023 |website=bsmi.gov.tw |publisher= |quote=}}]
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Table of Chinese length units in engineering
!Pinyin
!Character
!Relative value
!Metric value
!Imperial value
!Notes
|-align=right
|align=center|''hū''
|{{lang|zh|忽}}||{{frac|{{val|1000000}}}}||1 μm||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|微米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''sī''
|{{lang|zh|絲}} (T) or {{lang|zh|丝}} (S)||{{frac|{{val|100000}}}}||10 μm||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|忽米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''háo''
|'''{{lang|zh|毫}}'''||'''{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}'''||'''100 μm'''||
|align=left|'''Authorized name: {{lang|zh|絲米}} (T) or {{lang|zh|丝米}} (S)'''
|-align=right
|align=center|''[lí](/source/li_(short))''
|{{lang|zh|釐}} (T) or {{lang|zh|厘}} (S)||{{frac|1000}}||1 mm||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|毫米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''[fēn](/source/fen_(length))''
|{{lang|zh|公分}}||{{frac|100}}||10 mm||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|釐米}}(T) or {{lang|zh|厘米}}(S)
|-align=right
|align=center|''[cùn](/source/Cun_(unit))''
|{{lang|zh|公寸}}||{{frac|10}}||100 mm||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|分米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''[chǐ](/source/Chi_(length))''
|{{lang|zh|公尺}}||1||1 m||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''[Zhàng](/source/Zh%C3%A0ng)''
|{{lang|zh|公丈}}||10||10 m||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|十米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''[yǐn](/source/yin_(length))''
|{{lang|zh|公引}}||100||100 m||
|align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|百米}}
|-align=right
|align=center|''[lǐ](/source/li_(Chinese_unit))''
|{{lang|zh|公里}}||1000||1000 m||
|align=left|this ''li'' is not the small ''li'' above,
which has a different [character](/source/Chinese_character) and [tone](/source/tone_(tonal_language))
|}
==Compounds==
* 絲毫 (sīháo)
* 一絲一毫 (yīsīyīháo)[{{cite web |title=《重編國語辭典修訂本》臺灣學術網路第六版 ("Revised Edition of the Chinese Dictionary" Taiwan Academic Network Sixth Edition) |publisher=中華民國教育部 (Ministry of Education of the Republic of China) |url=https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=149838&q=1&word=%E4%B8%80%E7%B5%B2%E4%B8%80%E6%AF%AB}}]
* 差之毫釐，謬以千里 (chāzhīháolí, miùyǐqiānlǐ)[{{cite web |title=《重編國語辭典修訂本》臺灣學術網路第六版 ("Revised Edition of the Chinese Dictionary" Taiwan Academic Network Sixth Edition) |publisher=中華民國教育部 (Ministry of Education of the Republic of China) |url=https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=121498}}]
==See also==
*[Li (short)](/source/Li_(short))
*[Chinese units of measurement](/source/Chinese_units_of_measurement)
== References ==
{{reflist}}
Category:Units of length
Category:Customary units of measurement
Category:Chinese units of measurement
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hao (length)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hao_(length)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hao_(length)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.