# Handmade Burnished Ware > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Handmade_Burnished_Ware > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Handmade_Burnished_Ware.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handmade_Burnished_Ware > Source revision: 1287453866 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Use British English |date=October 2024}} {{Use dmy dates |date=October 2024}} {{short description|Type of pottery found in the eastern Mediterranean near the end of the Bronze Age}} '''Handmade Burnished Ware''' (also called '''Barbarian Ware'''{{sfn|Rautman|1998|p=95}}) is a style of pottery produced during the [late Bronze Age](/source/late_Bronze_Age) in the eastern Mediterranean. Distinct from the styles of pottery surrounding it due to its coarse construction without the [potter's wheel](/source/potter's_wheel) and uneven [firing](/source/Pottery_firing), a substantial number of hypotheses have been presented to explain its presence.{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678|Rautman|1998|2pp=81, 95}} == Description == The ware is found in [Late Helladic](/source/Late_Helladic) IIIB and IIIC levels (starting in the middle of the [13th century BC](/source/13th_century_BC)), preceding the destruction of the [Mycenaean citadels](/source/Mycenaean_Greece). Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at [Tiryns](/source/Tiryns) and at sites in [Anatolia](/source/Prehistory_of_Anatolia), [Cyprus](/source/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus), and [Syria](/source/Ancient_Syria).{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later|Rautman|1998|2p=95}} There are morphological and functional differences between the Handmade Burnished Ware found at different sites. In Epirus, most vessels are designed for consumption, while those found at the [Menelaion](/source/Menelaion) in Laconia and at Tiryns are generally storage vessels; those found at Tiryns are often decorated, while those from other sites are not. On these grounds, Eleni Vasileiou has written that Handmade Burnished Ware should not be considered a uniform ceramic type.{{sfn|Vasileiou|2018|p=101}} Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.{{sfn|Rautman|1998|pp=95–96}} Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative [Dorian invaders](/source/Dorian_invasion) but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the [Bronze Age collapse](/source/Bronze_Age_collapse);{{sfn|Pilides|1991|pp=18}} later views still associate the ware with migratory groups in the eastern Mediterranean.{{sfn|Boileau et al.|2010|loc=Conclusion}} Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.{{cite thesis |last=Romanos |first=Chloe Lea |year=2011 |title=Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers |publisher=University of Birmingham |degree=PhD |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/2963/ }} Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher-quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.{{sfnm|Rautman|1998|1p=96|Pilides|1991|2p=18}} == See also == * [Burnishing (pottery)](/source/Burnishing_(pottery)) * [Protogeometric pottery](/source/Protogeometric_pottery) * [Bronze Age collapse](/source/Bronze_Age_collapse) == References == {{reflist|20em}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal |last=Boileau |first=Marie-Claude |display-authors=etal |title=Foreign ceramic tradition, local clays: the Handmade Burnished Ware of Tell Kazel (Syria) |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=2010 |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1678–1689 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.028 |issn=0305-4403 |ref={{harvid|Boileau et al.|2010}} }} * {{cite thesis |last=Pilides |first=Despina |year=1991 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10116056/1/Pilides_thesis.pdf |publisher=University of London |type=PhD |title=Handmade Burnished Wares of the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus |volume=1 }} * {{cite journal |last=Rautman |first=M |year=1998 |title=Handmade pottery and social change: the view from late Roman Cyprus |journal=Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology |volume=11 |pages=81–104 |doi=10.1558/jmea.v11i1.81 }} * {{cite book |last=Vasileiou |first=Eleni |year=2018 |chapter=The Phenomenon of Handmade Burnished Ware: New data from Central Epirus, Greece |title=L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'antiquite VI |trans-title=Central Illyria and Epirus in Antiquity VI |volume=1 |editor-last1=Lamboley |editor-first1=Jean-Luc |editor-last2=Përzhita |editor-first2=Luan |editor-last3=Skenderaj |editor-first3=Altin |publisher=Diffusion de Boccard |place=Paris |isbn=978-9928-4517-1-2 |pages=101–104 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38325255 |via=Academia.edu |url-access=registration}} {{refend}} == Further reading == * {{cite journal |last1=De Angelis |first1=Sara |last2=D'Agata |first2=Anna Lucia |last3=Boileau |first3=Marie-Claude |title=Handmade Burnished Ware from the island of Crete: a view from the inside |journal=Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria |year=2012 |pages=295–330 }} Category:13th century BC Category:12th century BC in Greece Category:Mycenaean Greece Category:Greek Dark Ages {{AncientGreece-stub}} --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Handmade Burnished Ware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handmade_Burnished_Ware) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handmade_Burnished_Ware?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.