# Halosere

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{{Short description|Ecological succession in a saline environment}}
{{More references|date=December 2009}}
thumb|250px|right|A salt marsh
A '''halosere''' is an [ecological succession](/source/ecological_succession) in [saline water](/source/saline_water) environments. An example of a halosere is a [salt marsh](/source/salt_marsh).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coastal Systems - Halosere Succession |url=https://www.tutor2u.net/geography/reference/halosere-succession |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=www.tutor2u.net |language=en}}</ref>

In a [river](/source/river) [estuary](/source/estuary), large amounts of [silt](/source/silt) are deposited by the ebbing [tide](/source/tide)s, as well as inflowing rivers.

==Plants in halosere==
[[File:Great Salt Lake by Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The [Great Salt Lake](/source/Great_Salt_Lake) in [Utah](/source/Utah), satellite photo from August 2018 after years of [drought](/source/drought)]]

The earliest [plant](/source/plant) colonizers are [algae](/source/algae) and [zostera](/source/zostera), which can tolerate submergence by the tide for most of the 12 hour cycle and which trap mud, causing it to accumulate. 

Two other colonizer plants are ''[Salicornia](/source/Salicornia)'', and ''[Spartina](/source/Spartina)'', which are both [halophytes](/source/halophytes). Halophytes are plants that can tolerate saline conditions and they grow on the intertidal [mudflat](/source/mudflat)s with a maximum of four hours' exposure to air every 12 hours.{{citation needed||date=May 2023}} On a large scale halophytes have colonized the halosere on the banks of the [Great Salt Lake](/source/Great_Salt_Lake) in [Utah](/source/Utah).<ref>{{Cite book|title= Physiological Processes in Plant Ecology: Toward a Synthesis with Atriplex | author1= C.B. Osmond | author2= O. Björkman | author3= D.J. Anderson  |publisher=  Springer Berlin Heidelberg |year=2012 |isbn= 9783642676376 | pages=119}}</ref> Halosere vegetation can also be found in the salt marshes of the [Wadden Sea](/source/Wadden_Sea) islands and the zone towards the [dune](/source/dune)s.<ref>{{Cite book|title= Terrestrial Coastal Ecosystems in Germany and Climate Change | editor1=  Dietrich Mossakowski | editor2= Ulrich Irmler |publisher=  Springer International Publishing |year=2023 |isbn= 9783031125393 | pages=96}}</ref>

===River estuaries===
In a river [estuary](/source/estuary), large amount of [silt](/source/silt) are depositing. Halosere in river estuaries consist of mudflats and the so called sward zone. Halosere sward zones can be found in the [Llanrhidian](/source/Llanrhidian) marsh on the [Gower Peninsula](/source/Gower_Peninsula).<ref>{{Cite book|title= Geography: An Integrated Approach | author1= David Waugh  |publisher= Nelson |year=2000 |isbn= 9780174447061 | pages=291}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Wetlands}}
* [Seral community](/source/Seral_community)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wetlands}}

Category:Ecological succession
Category:Wetlands
Category:Estuaries

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Halosere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halosere) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halosere?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.