# Haiga > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Haiga > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Haiga.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiga > Source revision: 1314584278 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Japanese painting style}} {{Italic title|reason=[:Category:Japanese words and phrases](/source/%3ACategory%3AJapanese_words_and_phrases)}} [[Image:Basho by Kinkoku c1820.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Portrait of [Matsuo Bashō](/source/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D) by [Yokoi Kinkoku](/source/Yokoi_Kinkoku), c. 1820. The calligraphy relates one of Bashō's most famous haiku poems: ''Furu ike ya / kawazu tobikomu / mizu no oto'' (An old pond / a frog jumps in / the sound of water).]] '''{{nihongo|''Haiga''|俳画||extra=haikai drawing}}''' is a style of [Japanese painting](/source/Japanese_painting) that incorporates the [aesthetics](/source/aesthetics) of ''[haikai](/source/haikai)''. ''Haiga'' are typically painted by [haiku](/source/haiku) poets (''haijin''), and often accompanied by a haiku poem.{{cite web|title=''Daijirin'' entry for ''haiga''|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BF%B3%E7%94%BB|work=Kotobank dictionary aggregator website|accessdate=5 November 2012}} Like the poetic form it accompanied, ''haiga'' was based on simple, yet often profound, observations of the everyday world. [Stephen Addiss](/source/Stephen_Addiss) points out that "since they are both created with the same brush and ink, adding an image to a haiku poem was ... a natural activity."Addiss. p14. Stylistically, ''haiga'' vary widely based on the preferences and training of the individual painter, but generally show influences of formal [Kanō school](/source/Kan%C5%8D_school) painting, minimalist [Zen painting](/source/Zen_painting), and [Ōtsu-e](/source/%C5%8Ctsu-e), while sharing much of the aesthetic attitudes of the ''[nanga](/source/nanga_(art))'' tradition. Some were reproduced as [woodblock prints](/source/woodblock_printing_in_Japan). The subjects painted likewise vary widely, but are generally elements mentioned in the [calligraphy](/source/calligraphy), or poetic images which add meaning or depth to that expressed by the poem. The moon is a common subject in these poems and paintings, sometimes represented by the Zen circle ''[ensō](/source/ens%C5%8D)'', which evokes a number of other meanings, including that of the [void](/source/Mu_(negative)). Other subjects, ranging from [Mount Fuji](/source/Mount_Fuji) to rooftops, are frequently represented with a minimum of brushstrokes, thus evoking elegance and beauty in simplicity. ==History== [[Image:A little cuckoo across a hydrangea(Haiga) by Yosa Buson.jpg|right|250px|thumb|A little cuckoo across a hydrangea by [Yosa Buson](/source/Yosa_Buson).]] [Nonoguchi Ryūho](/source/Nonoguchi_Ry%C5%ABho) (1595–1669), a student of [Kanō Tan'yū](/source/Kan%C5%8D_Tan'y%C5%AB), is sometimes credited{{By whom|date=November 2012}} with founding the style; though poetry was commonly accompanied by images for centuries prior, Ryūho was the first poet to regularly include paintings alongside his calligraphy.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} [Matsuo Bashō](/source/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D), the great master of haiku, frequently painted as well. ''Haiga'' became a major style of painting as a result of association with his famous works of haiku.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Like his poems, Bashō's paintings are founded in a simplicity which reveals great depth, complementing the poems they are paired with. Towards the end of his life, he studied painting under [Morikawa Kyoriku](/source/Morikawa_Kyoriku), his pupil in poetry; the works of both men benefited from the exchange, and a number of works were produced combining Morikawa's painting with Bashō's poetry and calligraphy. Composing haiku, and painting accompanying pictures, was a common pastime of [Edo period](/source/Edo_period) aesthetes, who would pursue these activities in their spare time, or at friendly gatherings as a communal form of entertainment. The famous novelist [Ihara Saikaku](/source/Ihara_Saikaku) was one of many people not normally associated with either poetry or painting, who took part. By contrast, the ''[nanga](/source/nanga_(art))'' painter [Yosa Buson](/source/Yosa_Buson), widely considered second only to Bashō as a master of haiku, is said to be "the only artist to be included in surveys both of great poets and great painters in Japanese history."Addiss. p15. Unlike other schools of painting which maintained a standard set of styles passed from master to apprentice, the genre of ''haiga'' encompassed a variety of artists with different approaches. Some, like Bashō, were primarily poets, accompanying their compositions with simple sketches,{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} while others, like Buson, were primarily painters, devoting more space and centrality of focus to the image.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} [Maruyama Goshun](/source/Maruyama_Goshun) and [Ki Baitei](/source/Ki_Baitei) were among those who tended to paint portraits of poets and other figures in a relatively quick, loose style which looks somewhat [cartoon](/source/cartoon)ish to the modern eye. Some ''haiga'' paintings, such as those by Morikawa Kyoriku, reflect the formal training of the artists, while others, like those by [Nakahara Nantenbō](/source/Nakahara_Nantenb%C5%8D), reflect the artist's background in [Zen](/source/Zen). One overall trend that developed over time, despite this wide variety, was a shift from the circles of literati (''bunjin'') painters to the orbit of the [Shijō school](/source/Shij%C5%8D_school) of the naturalistic painter [Maruyama Ōkyo](/source/Maruyama_%C5%8Ckyo). This move was effected primarily by Maruyama Goshun,{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} and can be seen as well in the works of [Yamaguchi Soken](/source/Yamaguchi_Soken). Some later painters, such as [Takebe Sōchō](/source/Takebe_S%C5%8Dch%C5%8D), were influenced by ''[ukiyo-e](/source/ukiyo-e)'' styles, and used color in highly detailed works. Though traditional-style ''haiga'' are still produced today, contemporary artists experiment with the style, coupling haiku with digital imagery, photography, and other media.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} ==Haiga painters of note== *[Enomoto Kikaku](/source/Enomoto_Kikaku) *[Hakuin Ekaku](/source/Hakuin_Ekaku) *[Kaga no Chiyo](/source/Fukuda_Chiyo-ni) *[Kobayashi Issa](/source/Kobayashi_Issa) *[Matsumura Goshun](/source/Matsumura_Goshun) *[Matsuo Bashō](/source/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D) *[Nonoguchi Ryūho](/source/Nonoguchi_Ry%C5%ABho) *[Sakai Hōitsu](/source/Sakai_H%C5%8Ditsu) *[Sengai Gibon](/source/Sengai_Gibon) *[Yokoi Kinkoku](/source/Yokoi_Kinkoku) *[Yosa Buson](/source/Yosa_Buson) ==See also== *''[Wabi-sabi](/source/Wabi-sabi)'' *''[Zenga](/source/Zenga)'' *''[Nanga](/source/Nanga_(Japanese_Painting))'' ==References== *Addiss, Stephen. ''Haiga: Takebe Sōchō and the Haiku-Painting Tradition''. Richmond, Virginia: University of Richmond, 1995. ==External links== *[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/704883.Haiga Haiga: Takebe Socho and the Haiku-Painting Tradition] The University Art Museum on the website of the University of California at Santa Barbara {{Authority control}} Category:East Asian calligraphy Category:Japanese painting --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Haiga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiga) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiga?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.