# Haemulidae

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Family of fishes

This article is about a family of fishes. For other uses of **Grunt**, see [Grunt (disambiguation)](/source/Grunt_(disambiguation)).

Grunts Temporal range: Lutetian to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Haemulon album Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Acanthuriformes Family: Haemulidae T. N. Gill, 1885[1] Subfamilies[2] Haemulinae Gill, 1885 Plectorhynchinae Jordan & Thompson 1912 Synonyms[1][3] Pomadasyidae Regan, 1913 Inermiidae Jordan, 1923

**Haemulidae** is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of fishes in the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Acanthuriformes](/source/Acanthuriformes) known commonly as **grunts**. It is made up of the two [subfamilies](/source/Subfamily) [Haemulinae](/source/Haemulinae) (grunts) and [Plectorhynchinae](/source/Plectorhynchinae) (sweetlips), which contain about 133 species in 19 genera around the world.[4] These fishes are commonly found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, inhabiting marine, brackish, and sometimes fresh waters.

The family shows many feeding adaptations from bottom-feeding predation to water-column planktivory and is named for the ability of Haemulinae to produce sounds by grinding their pharyngeal teeth.[5] Some species engage in mutualistic relationships with cleaner gobies of the genus *[Elacatinus](/source/Elacatinus)*, allowing them to feed on [ectoparasites](/source/Ectoparasites) on their bodies.[6]

## Subfamilies and genera

The family Haemulidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera:[3][7]

- [Haemulinae](/source/Haemulinae) - *[Anisotremus](/source/Anisotremus)* Gill 1861 - *[Boridia](/source/Boridia)* [Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier), 1830 - *[Brachydeuterus](/source/Brachydeuterus)* Gill, 1862 - *[Brachygenys](/source/Brachygenys)* [Poey](/source/Felipe_Poey), 1868 - *[Conodon](/source/Conodon)* Cuvier, 1830 - *[Emmelichthyops](/source/Emmelichthyops)* [Schultz](/source/Leonard_Peter_Schultz), 1945 - *[Haemulon](/source/Haemulon)* Cuvier, 1829 - *[Haemulopsis](/source/Haemulopsis)* [Steindachner](/source/Franz_Steindachner), 1869 - *[Isacia](/source/Isacia)* [Jordan](/source/David_Starr_Jordan) & [Fesler](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bert_Fesler&action=edit&redlink=1), 1893 - *[Microlepidotus](/source/Microlepidotus)* Gill, 1862 - *[Orthopristis](/source/Orthopristis)* [Girard](/source/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Girard), 1858 - *[Parakuhlia](/source/Parakuhlia)* [Pellegrin](/source/Jacques_Pellegrin), 1913 - *[Paranisotremus](/source/Paranisotremus)* [Tavera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Tavera&action=edit&redlink=1), [Acero](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arturo_Acero_P.&action=edit&redlink=1) & [Wainwright](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_C._Wainwright&action=edit&redlink=1), 2018 - *[Pomadasys](/source/Pomadasys)* [Lacépède](/source/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de), 1802 - *[Rhencus](/source/Rhencus)* Jordan & [Evermann](/source/Barton_Warren_Evermann), 1896 - *[Rhonciscus](/source/Rhonciscus)* Jordan & Evermann, 1896 - *[Xenichthys](/source/Xenichthys)* Gill, 1862

- [Plectorhynchinae](/source/Plectorhynchinae) - *[Diagramma](/source/Diagramma)* [Oken](/source/Lorenz_Oken), 1817 - *[Genyatremus](/source/Genyatremus)* Gill, 1862 - *[Parapristipoma](/source/Parapristipoma)* [Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1873 - *[Plectorhinchus](/source/Plectorhinchus)* Lacépède, 1802

One of the earliest known fossil grunts is †*[Pomadasys sadeki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomadasys_sadeki&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Joleaud & Cuvillier, 1933) (formerly placed in its own genus, *Kemtichthys*) from the [Middle Eocene](/source/Middle_Eocene)-aged [Mokattam Formation](/source/Mokattam_Formation) of Egypt.[8][9]

## See also

- [List of fish families](/source/List_of_fish_families)

## Notes

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-VDLEF_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-VDLEF_1-1) Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). ["Family-group names of Recent fishes"](https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480). *Zootaxa*. **3882** (2): 001–230.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BMC_2-0)** José Julián Tavera; P. Arturo Acero; Eduardo F Balart; Giacomo Bernardi (2012). ["Molecular phylogeny of grunts (Teleostei, Haemulidae), with an emphasis on the ecology, evolution, and speciation history of New World species"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3472276). *BMC Evolutionary Biology*. **12** (57): 57. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012BMCEE..12...57T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012BMCEE..12...57T). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/1471-2148-12-57](https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-12-57). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3472276](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3472276). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22537107](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537107).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-1) J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). [*Fishes of the World*](https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/) (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 457. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-118-34233-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34233-6). Archived from [the original](https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/) on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-03-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["Family Haemulidae"](https://www.fishbase.org/summary/FamilySummary.php?family=Haemulidae). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. March 2006 version.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-EoF_5-0)** Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). *Encyclopedia of Fishes*. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 184. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-12-547665-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-547665-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Sazima, I.; et al. (September 2000). "Daily cleaning activity and diversity of clients of the barber goby, *Elacatinus figaro*, on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil". *Environmental Biology of Fishes*. **59** (1): 69–77. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000EnvBF..59...69S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000EnvBF..59...69S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1023/a:1007655819374](https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1007655819374).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CofF_7-0)** Fricke, Ron; [Eschmeyer, William N.](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer) & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). ["Genera in the family Haemulidae"](http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Haemulidae). *[Catalog of Fishes](/source/Catalog_of_Fishes)*. [California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences). Retrieved 19 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Joleaud, Léonce; Cuvillier, Jean (1933). ["Kemtichthys Sadeki. Nouveau percoïde fossile d'Egypte"](https://www.persee.fr/doc/bie_1110-1938_1933_num_16_1_3300). *Bulletin de l'institut d'Égypte*. **16** (1): 93–98. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3406/bie.1933.3300](https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbie.1933.3300).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** White, Errol Ivor (1936-07-01). ["V.—On certain Eocene percoid fishes"](https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655173). *Annals and Magazine of Natural History*. **18** (103): 43–54. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/00222933608655173](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222933608655173). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0374-5481](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0374-5481).

## References

- Sepkoski, J. (2002). ["A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"](http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class). *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.

Taxon identifiers Haemulidae Wikidata: Q517736 Wikispecies: Haemulidae ADW: Haemulidae AFD: Haemulidae BOLD: 1855 CoL: KVBSN EoL: 5317 GBIF: 4276 iNaturalist: 49263 IRMNG: 113061 ITIS: 169055 NCBI: 30840 Open Tree of Life: 99942 Paleobiology Database: 266295 Plazi: FD1087D9-FFAA-4A5B-FF67-A2F14D33FA53 WoRMS: 125538

Authority control databases National United States Israel Other Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Haemulidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemulidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemulidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.