# HH 30

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/HH_30.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HH_30
> Source revision: 1355034412
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{{Short description|Protoplanetary disk in the Taurus molecular cloud}}
{{Starbox begin}}
{{Starbox image
| image = {{CSS image crop|Image=HH 30.jpg|bSize=720|cWidth=240|cHeight=240|oTop=249|oLeft=210|Location=center}}
| caption = HH 30 with Hubble [ACS](/source/Advanced_Camera_for_Surveys)
| credit =  ESA/Hubble and NASA Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| equinox = J2000
| constell = [Taurus](/source/Taurus_(constellation))<ref name=constellation/>
| ra = {{RA|04|31|37.51}}<ref name=dr3/>
| dec = {{Dec|+18|12|24.4}}<ref name=dr3/>
| appmag_v = {{val|18.50|0.31}}<ref name="Lasker2008"/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [T Tauri star](/source/T_Tauri_star)<ref name="Tazaki2024"/>
| class = {{val|p=M|0|2}}<ref name="White2004"/>
| variable = variable nebula<ref name="Burrows1996"/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v           =   {{val|20.3|3.5}}<ref name="White2004"/>
| dist_ly            =   <!--Distance (in light years)-->
| dist_pc            =   {{val|146.4|0.5}}
| dist_footnote      =   <ref name="Tazaki2024"/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| source                 =   <!--[source url]-->
| mass                   =   {{val|0.45|0.14}}<ref name="López-Vázquez2024"/>
| temperature            =   3,700<ref name="White2004"/>
| rotational_velocity    =   ≤12<ref name="White2004"/>
| age_myr                =   {{nowrap|approx. 1–2}}<ref name="Pascucci2024" />
}}
{{Starbox catalog
 | names      =[2MASS](/source/2MASS)&nbsp;J04313747+1812244, [JCMTSF](/source/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Telescope)&nbsp;J043137.4+181226, HH&nbsp;30, HH&nbsp;30&nbsp;IRS, V1213&nbsp;Tau, [WISE](/source/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer)&nbsp;J043137.48+181224.2, [EPIC](/source/Ecliptic_Plane_Input_Catalog)&nbsp;210689083, [TIC](/source/TESS_Input_Catalog)&nbsp;353752582, [Gaia](/source/Gaia_(spacecraft))&nbsp;DR3&nbsp;3314311981834278912
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad =HH+30
}}
{{starbox end}}

'''HH-30''' (also '''V1213 Tauri''') is an edge-on [protoplanetary disk](/source/protoplanetary_disk) located about 146.4 parsecs from [Earth](/source/Earth) that is surrounded by [jets](/source/Astrophysical_jet) and a [disk wind](/source/disk_wind).<ref name="Pascucci2024" /> HH-30 is located in the dark cloud [LDN 1551](/source/LDN_1551) in the [Taurus Molecular Cloud](/source/Taurus_Molecular_Cloud). The HH-30 disk is the prototype{{clarify inline|date=June 2025}} of an edge-on disk,<ref name="Tazaki2024" /> due to its early discovery with [Hubble](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope). The object has been subject to many studies due to a wealth of dynamical processes that are happening to HH-30.<ref name="Burrows1996"/><ref name="Tazaki2024" />

== Discovery ==
HH 30 was published by [George Herbig](/source/George_Herbig) in 1974 in the "Draft Catalog of [Herbig–Haro Objects](/source/Herbig-Haro_Object)" and notes: "HH-30 (4h 28m 44s) is a small, almost stellar spot 2' south of [XZ](/source/XZ_Tauri) and [HL Tau](/source/HL_Tau). There is a fainter nebulosity immediately northeast. The small fuzzy spot of very similar appearance at 35" in 250° from HL Tau is not a HH Object, but a star having [Hα](/source/H-alpha) in emission."<ref name="Herbig1974"/> In 1996 it became clear that the object is an edge-on protoplanetary disk with jets.<ref name="Burrows1996" />

== The central star ==
The [star](/source/star) is hidden behind the dust of the disk. The spectral type was measured around M0 with the [Keck Observatory](/source/Keck_Observatory), corresponding to a temperature of around 3700 [Kelvin](/source/Kelvin).<ref name="White2004"/> Disk rotation constrained the star mass to 0.45 {{Solar mass|link=true}}.<ref name="Pety2006"/><ref name="López-Vázquez2024"/> One study suggest that the central object is a [binary star](/source/binary_star), due to the jet wiggling.<ref name="Anglada2007"/> A follow-up study found that the jet-producing primary has a mass of 0.31 ±0.04 {{Solar mass}} and that the secondary has a mass of 0.14 ±0.03 {{Solar mass}}. Both objects should be separated by 18.0 ±0.6 [astronomical units](/source/Astronomical_unit) (AU).<ref name="Estalella2012"/>

== Protoplanetary disk ==
Observations with Hubble [WFPC2](/source/Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera_2) in 1996 discovered the disk, which has a radius of 250 AU. The disk is seen as a bi-[reflection nebula](/source/reflection_nebula) and the disk blocks the light of the star. The northern part of the reflection nebula decreased in brightness by 0.5 [mag](/source/Apparent_magnitude) between two observations, while the southern part increased in brightness by 0.5 mag.<ref name="Burrows1996" /> The disk around the star is a [class II](/source/young_stellar_object) disk, meaning it contains both gas and dust particles.<ref name="White2004" /> Observations with the [Plateau de Bure interferometer](/source/Plateau_de_Bure_Interferometer) detected the [carbon monoxide](/source/carbon_monoxide) (CO) emission and measured the rotation of the disk.<ref name="Pety2006" /> Observations with the [Atacama Large Millimeter Array](/source/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array) (ALMA) showed the mid-plane of the disk in [<sup>13</sup>C](/source/carbon-13)O and also measured its rotation.<ref name="López-Vázquez2024"/> A study with [JWST](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope) and archived Hubble and ALMA data was published in 2024. This showed inefficient dust settling in the disk. Dust settling means that larger dust grains settle to the mid-plane of the disk. The observation also showed that the disk contains spiral-like and tail-like structure. The disk has a very high [inclination](/source/orbital_inclination) of at least 84°.<ref name="Tazaki2024" />

=== Jets ===
The jets were discovered in 1983 from [CCD](/source/Charge-coupled_device) images at [Calar Alto Observatory](/source/Calar_Alto_Observatory).<ref name="Mundt1983"/> A [proper motion](/source/proper_motion) survey in 1990 showed a speed of around 170 km/s of the jets. This study also detected [H-alpha](/source/Hydrogen-alpha), ionized [nitrogen](/source/nitrogen) and [sulfur](/source/sulfur) in the jet.<ref name="Mundt1990"/> Early observations with Hubble showed that the knots of the jet have a speed of 100 to 300 km/s.<ref name="Burrows1996" /> JWST [NIRCam](/source/NIRCam) and [MIRI](/source/Mid-Infrared_Instrument) observations showed the previously observed jet and a bi-conical outflow. The jet is bright in the MIRI F1280W filter, likely tracing ionized [neon](/source/neon) emission. One knot was seen moving with around 121 km/s.<ref name="Tazaki2024" /> The jet is seen with [NIRSpec](/source/NIRSpec) in ionized [iron](/source/iron) with a tight semi-opening angle of 1.4°±0.9°.<ref name="Pascucci2024" />

=== Disk wind ===

A CO outflow was first resolved in 2006,<ref name="Pety2006"/> and in 2024 the outflow was detected with ALMA in [<sup>12</sup>C](/source/Carbon-12)O. The researchers found three distinct shells in the outflow and measured an outflow mass of (1.83 ±0.19)×10<sup>‑4</sup> {{solar mass}}. This outflow is expanding with a speed of around 4–6 km/s and possibly rotates with a speed of ≤0.5 km/s. These shells can be explained by a magnetocentrifugal disk winds (MHD wind).<ref name="López-Vázquez2024"/> Another study using NIRSpec and ALMA, found that the outflow is nestled within each other. The jet is seen with a tight semi-opening angle of around 1.4°. The disk wind is seen with a wider semi-opening angle, with the molecular [hydrogen](/source/hydrogen) (H<sub>2</sub>) emission having a semi-opening angle of around 14°. But this emission is also nestled within cold [carbon monoxide](/source/carbon_monoxide) (CO) emission from ALMA.<ref name="Pascucci2024" />

== See also ==
* [List of resolved circumstellar disks](/source/List_of_resolved_circumstellar_disks)
Examples of other edge-on disks:
* [Beta Pictoris](/source/Beta_Pictoris) (debris disks)
* [AU Microscopii](/source/AU_Microscopii) (debris disks)
* [HD 106906](/source/HD_106906) (debris disk)
* [Dracula's Chivito](/source/Dracula's_Chivito) (protoplanetary)
* [Gomez's Hamburger](/source/Gomez's_Hamburger) (protoplanetary)
* [HK Tauri](/source/HK_Tauri) B (protoplanetary)
* [2MASS J04202144+2813491](/source/2MASS_J04202144%2B2813491) (protoplanetary)

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Protoplanetary disk HH-30.jpg|Hubble WFPC2 image of HH 30 in 1995
File:Figure Illustrating the Jet and Disk (1995-24-297).jpg|An early interpretation of the images of HH 30 in 1995
File:Hubble Catches Jets, Bubbles, Bursts of Light in Taurus (15726704895).jpg|HH 30 (lower right) and XZ and HL Tauri on the upper left. Hubble ACS image.
File:The many faces of HH 30 (potm2501b).tiff|Images of HH 30 by Webb, Hubble, and ALMA
File:Webb investigates a dusty and dynamic disc (potm2501a).tiff|HH 30 by Webb
</gallery>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name=dr3>{{cite Gaia DR3|3314311981834278912}}</ref>

<ref name=constellation>{{cite constellation|HH 30}}</ref>

<ref name="Herbig1974">{{Cite journal |last=Herbig |first=G. H. |date=1974-01-01 |title=Draft Catalog of Herbig-Haro Objects. |journal=Lick Observatory Bulletin |volume=658 |pages=1 |bibcode=1974LicOB.658....1H |issn=0075-9317}}</ref>

<ref name="Tazaki2024">{{Cite journal |arxiv=2412.07523 |last1=Tazaki |first1=Ryo |title=JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. IV. Mid-infrared Dust Scattering in the HH 30 disk |date=2024-12-01 |last2=Ménard |first2=François |last3=Duchêne |first3=Gaspard |last4=Villenave |first4=Marion |last5=Ribas |first5=Álvaro |last6=Stapelfeldt |first6=Karl R. |last7=Perrin |first7=Marshall D. |last8=Pinte |first8=Christophe |last9=Wolff |first9=Schuyler G.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=980 |issue=1 |page=49 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c6f |doi-access=free |bibcode=2025ApJ...980...49T }}</ref>

<ref name="Pascucci2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Pascucci |first1=Ilaria |last2=Beck |first2=Tracy L. |last3=Cabrit |first3=Sylvie |last4=Bajaj |first4=Naman S. |last5=Edwards |first5=Suzan |last6=Louvet |first6=Fabien |last7=Najita |first7=Joan R. |last8=Skinner |first8=Bennett N. |last9=Gorti |first9=Uma |last10=Salyk |first10=Colette |last11=Brittain |first11=Sean D. |last12=Krijt |first12=Sebastiaan |last13=Muzerolle Page |first13=James |last14=Ruaud |first14=Maxime |last15=Schwarz |first15=Kamber |date=2024-10-01 |title=The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=9 |pages=81–89 |arxiv=2410.18033 |bibcode=2025NatAs...9...81P |doi=10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7 |issn=2397-3366}}</ref>

<ref name="Lasker2008">{{Cite journal |last1=Lasker |first1=Barry M. |last2=Lattanzi |first2=Mario G. |last3=McLean |first3=Brian J. |last4=Bucciarelli |first4=Beatrice |last5=Drimmel |first5=Ronald |last6=Garcia |first6=Jorge |last7=Greene |first7=Gretchen |last8=Guglielmetti |first8=Fabrizia |last9=Hanley |first9=Christopher |last10=Hawkins |first10=George |last11=Laidler |first11=Victoria G. |last12=Loomis |first12=Charles |last13=Meakes |first13=Michael |last14=Mignani |first14=Roberto |last15=Morbidelli |first15=Roberto |date=2008-08-01 |title=The Second-Generation Guide Star Catalog: Description and Properties  |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=136 |issue=2 |pages=735–766 |arxiv=0807.2522 |bibcode=2008AJ....136..735L |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/735 |issn=0004-6256}}</ref>

<ref name="White2004">{{Cite journal |last1=White |first1=Russel J. |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Lynne A. |date=2004-12-01 |title=On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=616 |issue=2 |pages=998–1032 |arxiv=astro-ph/0408244 |bibcode=2004ApJ...616..998W |doi=10.1086/425115 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name="Burrows1996">{{Cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=Christopher J. |last2=Stapelfeldt |first2=Karl R. |last3=Watson |first3=Alan M. |last4=Krist |first4=John E. |last5=Ballester |first5=Gilda E. |last6=Clarke |first6=John T. |last7=Crisp |first7=David |last8=Gallagher |first8=((John S., III)) |last9=Griffiths |first9=Richard E. |last10=Hester |first10=J. Jeff |last11=Hoessel |first11=John G. |last12=Holtzman |first12=Jon A. |last13=Mould |first13=Jeremy R. |last14=Scowen |first14=Paul A. |last15=Trauger |first15=John T. |date=1996-12-01 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Disk and Jet of HH 30 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=473 |pages=437–451 |bibcode=1996ApJ...473..437B |doi=10.1086/178156 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name="Mundt1983">{{Cite journal |last1=Mundt |first1=R. |last2=Fried |first2=J. W. |date=1983-11-01 |title=Jets from young stars. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=274 |pages=L83–L86 |bibcode=1983ApJ...274L..83M |doi=10.1086/184155 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name="Mundt1990">{{Cite journal |last1=Mundt |first1=R. |last2=Buehrke |first2=T. |last3=Solf |first3=J. |last4=Ray |first4=T. P. |last5=Raga |first5=A. C. |date=1990-06-01 |title=Optical jets and outflows in the HL Tauri region. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=232 |pages=37 |bibcode=1990A&A...232...37M |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

<ref name="Pety2006">{{Cite journal |last1=Pety |first1=J. |last2=Gueth |first2=F. |last3=Guilloteau |first3=S. |last4=Dutrey |first4=A. |date=2006-11-01 |title=Plateau de Bure interferometer observations of the disk and outflow of HH 30 |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=458 |issue=3 |pages=841–854 |arxiv=astro-ph/0608218 |bibcode=2006A&A...458..841P |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065814 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

<ref name="López-Vázquez2024">{{Cite journal |last1=López-Vázquez |first1=J. A. |last2=Lee |first2=Chin-Fei |last3=Fernández-López |first3=M. |last4=Louvet |first4=Fabien |last5=Guerra-Alvarado |first5=O. |last6=Zapata |first6=Luis A. |date=2024-02-01 |title=Multiple Shells Driven by Disk Winds: ALMA Observations in the HH 30 Outflow |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=962 |issue=1 |pages=28 |arxiv=2312.03272 |bibcode=2024ApJ...962...28L |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad132a |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name="Anglada2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Anglada |first1=Guillem |last2=López |first2=Rosario |last3=Estalella |first3=Robert |last4=Masegosa |first4=Josefa |last5=Riera |first5=Angels |last6=Raga |first6=Alejandro C. |date=2007-06-01 |title=Proper Motions of the Jets in the Region of HH 30 and HL/XZ Tau: Evidence for a Binary Exciting Source of the HH 30 Jet |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=133 |issue=6 |pages=2799–2814 |arxiv=astro-ph/0703155 |bibcode=2007AJ....133.2799A |doi=10.1086/517493 |issn=0004-6256}}</ref>

<ref name="Estalella2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Estalella |first1=Robert |last2=López |first2=Rosario |last3=Anglada |first3=Guillem |last4=Gómez |first4=Gabriel |last5=Riera |first5=Angels |last6=Carrasco-González |first6=Carlos |date=2012-08-01 |title=The Counterjet of HH 30: New Light on Its Binary Driving Source |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=144 |issue=2 |pages=61 |arxiv=1206.3391 |bibcode=2012AJ....144...61E |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/61 |issn=0004-6256}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==

* [https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1995/news-1995-24.html Hubble Observes the Fire and Fury of a Stellar Birth] original press-release from 1995 describing the observations of HH 30 and other Herbig-Haro objects
* [https://www.mpia.de/news/science/2024-13-jwst-disk-wind Winds of change: James Webb Space Telescope reveals elusive details in young star systems] press-release of a [MPIA](/source/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astronomy) study that also studied HH 30

{{Stars of Taurus}}

Category:Circumstellar disks
Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1974
Category:M-type main-sequence stars
Category:T Tauri stars
Category:Taurus (constellation)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [HH 30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HH_30) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HH_30?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.