# HDAC4

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Protein found in humans

HDAC4 Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2H8N, 2O94, 2VQJ, 2VQM, 2VQO, 2VQQ, 2VQV, 2VQW, 3UXG, 3UZD, 3V31, 4CBT, 4CBY, 5A2S Identifiers Aliases HDAC4, AHO3, BDMR, HA6116, HD4, HDAC-4, HDAC-A, HDACA, histone deacetylase 4, NEDCHID External IDs OMIM: 605314; MGI: 3036234; HomoloGene: 55946; GeneCards: HDAC4; OMA:HDAC4 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q37.3 Start 239,048,168 bp[1] End 239,401,654 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 D Start 91,856,501 bp[2] End 92,123,421 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sural nerve glutes gastrocnemius muscle tibialis anterior muscle muscle of thigh muscle layer of sigmoid colon endothelial cell deltoid muscle Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii blood Top expressed in otic vesicle granulocyte gastrula Rostral migratory stream dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell muscle of thigh lip interventricular septum muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding transcription corepressor activity histone deacetylase activity zinc ion binding transcription factor binding histone deacetylase binding potassium ion binding chromatin binding metal ion binding protein binding protein kinase binding hydrolase activity protein deacetylase activity identical protein binding promoter-specific chromatin binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding SUMO transferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm histone deacetylase complex neuromuscular junction transcription repressor complex sarcomere Z discdkac A band actomyosin nucleus cytosol nucleoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process histone H3 deacetylation skeletal system development chromatin remodeling peptidyl-lysine deacetylation regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling negative regulation of glycolytic process response to interleukin-1 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of gene expression, epigenetic cellular response to tumor necrosis factor positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of protein sumoylation negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation transcription, DNA-templated nervous system development regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration B cell activation histone H4 deacetylation cellular response to mechanical stimulus positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress positive regulation of cell population proliferation negative regulation of myotube differentiation response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development osteoblast development B cell differentiation cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus inflammatory response positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly regulation of protein binding negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated histone deacetylation positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation chromatin organization negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II protein deacetylation protein sumoylation positive regulation of male mating behavior Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9759 208727 Ensembl ENSG00000068024 ENSMUSG00000026313 UniProt P56524 Q6NZM9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006037 NM_001378414 NM_001378415 NM_001378416 NM_001378417 NM_207225 RefSeq (protein) NP_006028 NP_001365343 NP_001365344 NP_001365345 NP_001365346 NP_997108 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 239.05 – 239.4 Mb Chr 1: 91.86 – 92.12 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Histone deacetylase 4**, also known as **HDAC4**, is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *HDAC4* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6]

## Function

[Histones](/source/Histone) play a critical role in [transcriptional regulation](/source/Transcriptional_regulation), [cell cycle](/source/Cell_cycle) progression, and developmental events. Histone [acetylation](/source/Acetylation)/deacetylation alters [chromosome](/source/Chromosome) structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the [histone deacetylase](/source/Histone_deacetylase)/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through [transcription factors](/source/Transcription_factor) [MEF2C](/source/MEF2C) and [MEF2D](/source/MEF2D). It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.[7] Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation.[8]

## Clinical significance

Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. [Harvard University](/source/Harvard_University) researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod [photoreceptors](/source/Photoreceptor_cell) and bipolar cells in the [retinas](/source/Retina) of mice.[9][10]

## Interactions

HDAC4 has been shown to [interact](/source/Protein-protein_interaction) with:

- [BCL6](/source/BCL6),[11]

- [BTG2](/source/BTG2),[12][13]

- [CBX5](/source/CBX5_(gene)),[14]

- [GATA1](/source/GATA1),[15]

- [HDAC3](/source/HDAC3),[5][16][17][18]

- [MAPK1](/source/MAPK1),[19]

- [MAPK3](/source/MAPK3),[19]

- [MEF2C](/source/MEF2C),[20][21]

- [Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A](/source/Myocyte-specific_enhancer_factor_2A),[22][23]

- [Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1](/source/Nuclear_receptor_co-repressor_1),[16][24]

- [Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2](/source/Nuclear_receptor_co-repressor_2),[16][24]

- [Testicular receptor 2](/source/Testicular_receptor_2),[25][26]

- [YWHAB](/source/YWHAB),[17]

- [YWHAE](/source/YWHAE),[17][27] and

- [Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16](/source/Zinc_finger_and_BTB_domain-containing_protein_16).[11][28]

## See also

- [Histone deacetylase](/source/Histone_deacetylase)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000068024](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000068024) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=208727). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

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## Further reading

- Pazin MJ, Kadonaga JT (May 1997). ["What's up and down with histone deacetylation and transcription?"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980211-1). *Cell*. **89** (3): 325–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80211-1](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980211-1). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9150131](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150131). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [11488594](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11488594).

- Verdin E, Dequiedt F, Kasler HG (May 2003). "Class II histone deacetylases: versatile regulators". *Trends in Genetics*. **19** (5): 286–93. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00073-8](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-9525%2803%2900073-8). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2268/80861](https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F80861). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12711221](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12711221).

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## External links

- [HDAC4+protein,+human](https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=HDAC4+protein%2C+human) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine [Medical Subject Headings](/source/Medical_Subject_Headings) (MeSH)

*This article incorporates text from the [United States National Library of Medicine](/source/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine), which is in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain).*

v t e PDB gallery 2h8n: Structure of a glutamine-rich domain from histone deacetylase 4 2o94: The 97H/F mutant Structure of a glutamine-rich domain from histone deacetylase 4

v t e Hydrolases: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (EC 3.5) 3.5.1: Linear amides / Amidohydrolases Asparaginase Glutaminase Urease Biotinidase Aminoacylase ACY1 Aspartoacylase(ACY2) ACY3 Ceramidase Aspartylglucosaminidase Fatty acid amide hydrolase Histone deacetylase Sirtuin 3.5.2: Cyclic amides/ Amidohydrolases Barbiturase Beta-lactamase Dihydroorotase 3.5.3: Linear amidines/ Ureohydrolases Arginase Agmatinase Protein-arginine deiminase 3.5.4: Cyclic amidines/ Aminohydrolases Guanine deaminase Adenosine deaminase AMP deaminase Inosine monophosphate synthase DCMP deaminase GTP cyclohydrolase I Cytidine deaminase AICDA Activation-induced cytidine deaminase 3.5.5: Nitriles/ Aminohydrolases Nitrilase 3.5.99: Other Riboflavinase Thiaminase II

v t e Enzymes Activity Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Regulation Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator Classification EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes Kinetics Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics Types EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

[Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals):
- [Biology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biology)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [HDAC4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDAC4) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDAC4?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.