# HAAO

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**3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase** () is an [enzyme](/source/Enzyme) encoded by the ***HAAO*** gene that [catalyzes](/source/Catalysis) the [chemical reaction](/source/Chemical_reaction)

The two [substrates](/source/Substrate_(biochemistry)) of this enzyme are 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and oxygen. Its [product](/source/Product_(chemistry)) is 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde.[1][2][3][4]

This enzyme belongs to the family of [oxidoreductases](/source/Oxidoreductase), specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate ([oxygenases](/source/Oxygenases)). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.

The [systematic name](/source/List_of_enzymes) of this enzyme class is **3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)**. Other names in common use include **3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase**, **3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase**, **3-hydroxyanthranilic oxygenase**, **3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase** and **3HAO**. This enzyme participates in [tryptophan metabolism](/source/Tryptophan_metabolism). It employs one [cofactor](/source/Cofactor_(biochemistry)), [iron](/source/Iron).

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 6 [structures](/source/Tertiary_structure) have been solved for this class of enzymes, with [PDB](/source/Protein_Data_Bank) accession codes , , , , , and .h

## References

1. Decker R, Kang H, Leach FR, Henderson L (1961). "Purification and Properties of 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Oxidase". *Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **236** (11): 3076–3082. [doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)76432-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)76432-1)

1. *The Enzymes*. Vol. 8. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press. 1963. pp. 353–371.

1. Davis I, Yang Y, Wherritt D, Liu A (June 2018). "Reassignment of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH8A1 (ALDH12) to the kynurenine pathway in tryptophan catabolism". *The Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **293** (25): 9594–9603. [doi:10.1074/jbc.RA118.003320](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.003320). [PMC 6016481](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016481). [PMID 29703752](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29703752)

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