# Gur languages
> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Gur_languages
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Gur_languages.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur_languages
> Source revision: 1333573682
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
{{Short description|Branch of the Niger–Congo languages}}
{{Cleanup lang|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox language family
| name = Gur
| altname = Central Gur
Mabia
| region = [Benin](/source/Benin), [Burkina Faso](/source/Burkina_Faso), [Ghana](/source/Ghana), [Ivory Coast](/source/Ivory_Coast), [Mali](/source/Mali), [Niger](/source/Niger), [Togo](/source/Togo), [Nigeria](/source/Nigeria)
| familycolor = Niger-Congo
| fam2 = [Atlantic–Congo](/source/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages)
| fam3 = [Volta–Congo](/source/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages)
| fam4 = [Savannas](/source/Savannas_languages)
| child1 = Northern
| child2 = Southern
| glotto = cent2243
| glottoname = Gur + Waja–Jen
| glottorefname = Central Gur
| map = Gur languages.png
| mapalt = Map showing regions of Burkina Faso and neighboring countries where Gur languages are spoken: Koromfé in a small area in the north; Oti–Volta languages, the most widespread; Bwamu in the west; Gurunsi in the southern and southeastern areas; Kirma–Lobi in a small western area; Dogoso–Khe in a small extreme western area; and Doghose–Gan in a small western area.
| mapcaption = {{legend|#66cc01|1. [Koromfé](/source/Koromfe_language)}} (Northern)
{{legend|#99ff66|2. [Oti–Volta](/source/Oti%E2%80%93Volta_languages)}} (Northern)
{{legend|#99cc66|3. [Bwamu](/source/Bwa_languages)}} (Northern)
{{legend|#66cccc|4. [Gurunsi](/source/Gurunsi_languages)}} (Southern)
{{legend|#009966|5. [Kirma](/source/Cerma_language)–[Lobi](/source/Lobi_language)}} (Southern)
{{legend|#009966|6. [Dogoso](/source/Dogoso_language)–[Khe](/source/Khe_language)}} (Southern)
{{legend|#99cccc|7. ? [Doghose](/source/Dogos%C3%A9_language)–[Gan](/source/Kaansa_language)}} (Southern)
}}
{{IPA notice}}The '''Gur languages''', also known as '''Central Gur''' or '''Mabia''', belong to the [Niger–Congo languages](/source/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages). They are spoken in the [Sahel](/source/Sahel)ian and [savanna](/source/savanna) regions of [West Africa](/source/West_Africa), namely: in most areas of [Burkina Faso](/source/Burkina_Faso), and in south-central [Mali](/source/Mali), northeastern [Ivory Coast](/source/Ivory_Coast), the northern halves of [Ghana](/source/Ghana) and [Togo](/source/Togo), northwestern [Benin](/source/Benin), and southwestern [Niger](/source/Niger). A few Gur languages are spoken in [Nigeria](/source/Nigeria). Additionally, a single Gur language, [Baatonum](/source/Baatonum), is spoken in Benin and in the extreme northwest of Nigeria. Three other single Gur languages, the [Tusya](/source/Tusya_language), [Vyemo](/source/Vyemo_language) and [Tiefo languages](/source/Tiefo_language), are spoken in Burkina Faso. Another unclassified Gur language, [Miyobe](/source/Miyobe), is spoken in Benin and Togo. In addition, [Kulango](/source/Kulango), [Loma](/source/Lomakka_language) and [Lorhon](/source/Lorhon_language), are spoken in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. Additionally, a few [Mossi](/source/Mossi_language) speakers are in [Senegal](/source/Senegal), and speakers of the [Dagaare language](/source/Dagaare_language) are also found in [Cameroon](/source/Cameroon). The [Samu languages](/source/Samu_languages) of Burkina Faso are Gur languages.
==Typological features==
Like most Niger–Congo languages, the ancestor of Gur languages probably had a [noun class](/source/noun_class) system; many of today's languages have reduced this to a system of nominal [gender](/source/grammatical_gender)s or declensions or no longer have a class system.[Manessy (1968/71), Naden (1989)] A common property of Gur languages is the verbal [aspect](/source/grammatical_aspect) marking. Almost all Gur languages are [tonal](/source/tonal_language), with [Koromfé](/source/Koromf%C3%A9) being a notable exception. The tonal systems of Gur languages are rather divergent. Most Gur languages have been described as following the model of a two tone [downstep](/source/downstep) system, but the languages of Oti-Volta branch and some others have three phonemic tones.
==History of study==
[Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle](/source/Sigismund_Wilhelm_Koelle) first mentions twelve Gur languages in his 1854 ''[Polyglotta Africana](/source/Polyglotta_Africana)'', which represent ten languages in modern classification. Notably, he correctly identified these languages as being related to one another; his 'North-Eastern High Sudan' corresponds to Gur in modern classification.
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The Gur family was previously called '''Voltaic''', following the French name ''(langues) Voltaïques'' (named after the [Volta River](/source/Volta_River)). It was once considered to be more extensive than it is often regarded today, including the [Senufo languages](/source/Senufo_languages) and a number of small language isolates. The inclusion of Senufo within Gur has been rejected by many linguists, including [Tony Naden](/source/Tony_Naden).[Naden, Tony. 1989:143] Williamson and Blench[Williamson and Blench. 2000:18,25-6] place Senufo as a separate branch of [Atlantic–Congo](/source/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo), while other non-Central Gur languages are placed somewhat closer as separate branches within the [Savannas](/source/Savannas_languages) [continuum](/source/language_continuum).
Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) notes that the closest relatives of Gur appear to be several branches of the obsolete [Adamawa](/source/Adamawa_languages) family, since many "Adamawa" languages in fact share more similarities with various (Central) Gur languages than with other Adamawa languages. He proposes that early Gur-Adamawa speakers had cultivated [guinea corn](/source/guinea_corn) and millet in a wooded savanna environment.[Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.]
== Classification ==
The regions on the map denote regional distribution of the Central Gur languages. The tree-diagram below denotes the relations between these languages and their closest relatives:
{{tree list}}
* ? Greater Gur (or Gur–Adamawa)
** Central Gur (or Mabia)
*** Northern Gur
**** {{tree list/branching}}
***** (1.) [Oti–Volta](/source/Oti%E2%80%93Volta_languages) (28 languages, including [Mooré](/source/Mossi_language), [Mamprusi](/source/Mamprusi_language), [Dagbani](/source/Dagbani_language), and [Gurma](/source/Gurma_language))
***** (2.) [Bwa](/source/Bwa_languages) (or Bwamu, Bomu, Bobo-Wule)
**** (3.) [''Koromfé'' (or Koromfe)](/source/Koromfe_language)
*** Southern Gur
**** {{tree list/branching}}
***** (4.) East Mabia
****** [Gurunsi (or Grũsi)](/source/Gr%C5%A9si_languages) (20 languages, including [Kabiye](/source/Kabiye_language))
***** (5.) Kirma–Lobi
****** Kirma–Tyurama ([Cerma](/source/Cerma_language), [Turka](/source/Turka_language))
****** Lobi–Dyan ([Lobi](/source/Lobi_language), [Dyan](/source/Dyan_language))
**** (6.) Doghose–Gan ([Dogosé](/source/Dogos%C3%A9_language), [Kaansa](/source/Kaansa_language), [Khisa](/source/Khisa_language))
**** (7.) ? Dogoso–Khe ([Dogoso](/source/Dogoso_language), [Khe](/source/Khe_language))
** ? [Waja](/source/Waja_languages)–[Kam](/source/Kam_language_(Nigeria))
** ? [Leko–Nimbari](/source/Leko%E2%80%93Nimbari_languages)
** ? (possibly other putative [Adamawa languages](/source/Adamawa_languages))
{{tree list/end}}
The position of Dogoso–Khe in Southern Gur is not clear; it is not closely related to other members of the branch.
=== Bodomo (2017) ===
[Bodomo](/source/Adams_Bodomo) (2017) refers to the entire Central Gur group as ''Mabia''.[Bodomo, Adams. 2017. ''Mabia: its etymological genesis, geographical spread and some salient genetic features''. Paper presented at the Mabia Languages Conferences in Winneba, Ghana and Vienna, Austria.] The term ''Mabia'' is a portmanteau of the two [lexical innovations](/source/Lexical_Innovation) ''ma''- 'mother' + ''bia'' 'child'.[Bodomo, Adams. 2020. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342715507_MABIA_Its_Genesis_Geographical_Spread_and_some_Salient_Genetic_Features Mabia: Its Etymological Genesis, Geographical Spread, and some Salient Genetic Features]." In: Bodomo A., Abubakari H. & Issah, S. 2020. ''Handbook of the Mabia Languages of West Africa''. Galda Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 400 pages, ISBN 978-3-96203-117-6 (Print) ISBN 978-3-96203-118-3 (E-Book)] Bodomo divides Mabia into three primary branches, namely West, East, and Central.
{{tree list}}
* '''Mabia'''
** '''[East](/source/East_Mabia_languages) (or Gurunsi, Grũsi)'''
*** [Kasem](/source/Kasena_language)
*** [Sisaala](/source/Sisaala_language)
*** [Kabiye](/source/Kabiye_language)
** '''[West](/source/West_Mabia_languages) (or Gurma)'''
*** [Bassari](/source/Bassari_language_(Togo))
*** [Konkomba](/source/Konkomba_language)
*** [Moba](/source/Moba_language)
** '''[Central](/source/Central_Mabia_languages)'''
*** Dagaare
**** [Dagaare](/source/Dagaare_language)
**** [Wali](/source/Wali_language_(Gur))
**** [Birifor](/source/Birifor_language)
**** [Safaliba](/source/Safaliba_language)
*** North
**** [Moore](/source/Moore_language)
*** Mid-Central
**** [Mabiene](/source/Mabiene_language)
**** [Frafra (Nankanè)](/source/Frafra_language)
**** [Nabit](/source/Nabit_language)
*** South
**** [Dagbani](/source/Dagbani_language)
**** [Mampruli](/source/Mamprusi_language)
**** [Nanuni](/source/Dagbani_language) (a dialect of Dagbani)
*** Kusaal
**** [Kusaal (Kusasi)](/source/Kusasi_language)
**** [Talni](/source/Talni_language)
*** Buli–Konni
**** [Buli](/source/Buli_language_(Ghana))
**** [Konni](/source/Konni_language)
*** Hanga–Kamara
**** [Hanga](/source/Hanga_language)
**** [Kamara](/source/Kamara_language)
{{tree list/end}}
The term ''Mabia'', instead of ''Gur'', is also used by Naden (2021).[Naden, Tony. 2021. ''Comparative Dictionary of Central Mabia Languages (Formerly Western Oti-Volta) / Dictionnaire Comparatif Des Langues Mabia-Central (anciennement Western Oti-Volta)''. m.s.]
Naden (2021) lists the languages of the Southern/Eastern Mabia group as [Dagbani](/source/Dagbani_language), [Hanga](/source/Hanga_language), [Kantoosi](/source/Kantosi_language), [Kamara](/source/Kamara_language), [Kusaal (Kusasi)](/source/Kusasi_language), [Mampruli (Mamprusi)](/source/Mamprusi_language), [Nabit](/source/Nabit_language), [Nanun/Nanuni](/source/Dagbani_language) (also considered a dialect of Dagbani), and [Talni](/source/Talni_language).
==Comparative vocabulary==
Sample basic vocabulary of Gur languages:
''Note'': In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! Language (Village) !! eye !! ear !! nose !! tooth !! tongue !! mouth !! blood !! bone !! tree !! water !! eat !! name
|-
| Proto-[Central Gur](/source/Central_Gur_languages)[Manessy, Gabriel. 1979. ''Contribution à la Classification Généalogique des Langues Voltaïques''. (Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale, 37.) Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.] || || || *me (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) || *ye (Gurunsi, Kurumfe) || || || *ñam, *ñim (Oti-Volta, Kurumfe) || *ʔob, *ʔo || *tɪ (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) || *ni, *ne; *nã (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi) || *di || *yɪɗ, *yɪd (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi)
|-
| [Kirma](/source/Cerma_language)[Manessy, Gabriel. 1969. ''Les Langues Gurunsi: Essai d'application de la méthode comparative à un groupe de langues Voltaïques''. (Bibliothèque de la SELAF, 12, 13.) Paris: SELAF.] || *s₁l || *di₂/e/o(l/n) || *mi₁/e/o || || *de/u₂(l) || *no₂/i₁ || *ca || || *ti₂/e || *le/a/o; *ni₂/a/o || *di₁ || *yi₂(l/d)
|-
| [Lyélé](/source/Ly%C3%A9l%C3%A9_language)[Manessy, Gabriel. 1975. ''Les Langues Oti-Volta''. (Langues et Civilisations a Tradition Orale, 15.) Paris: SELAF.] || *ni / *nun || *tʊ || *me || *n / *n || *lɪm / *lam; *z₂ɪ (?) || *noː || *z₁ɪm || *kob; *kpab || *yi / *tiː || *ɲa || *dɪ || *yi / *yʊ
|-
| [Dagbani](/source/Dagbani_language)[{{Cite book |url=https://www.webonary.org/dagbani/download/ |last=Naden |first=Tony |year=2014 |title=Dagbani dictionary |publisher=Webonary}}] || nini || tiba (pl.) || nyee || nyini || zinli || noli || ʒim || kɔbili || tia || kom || di || yuli
|-
| [Gourmanchéma](/source/Gourmanchema_language) ([Fada N’Gourma](/source/Fada_N'Gourma_Department))[Prost, André. 1964. ''Contribution à l'étude des langues voltaiques''. (Memoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, 70.) Dakar: Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (IFAN).] || numbu / nuni/nini || tubli / tuba || miali / miana || nyenli / nyena || lambu / landi || nyoabu / nyoane || soama || kpabli / kpaba || tibu / tidi || nyima || di || yeli / yela
|-
| [Mossi](/source/Mossi_language) [Moore][{{Cite web|title=Ninkare Frafra Dictionary - La ãn sõŋa.|url=https://www.webonary.org/ninkare/?lang=en|access-date=2020-10-11|language=en-US}}]
|nifo / nini
|tʊbre / tʊba
|yõore / yõa
|yẽnnɛ / yẽna
|zɪlɪŋa / zɪlɪsɪ
|nõorɛ / nõa
|zɪɪm
|kõbrɛ / kõba
|tɪa / tɪɪsɪ
|ko'om
|di
|yʊ'ʊrɛ / yʊ'ʊra
|-
| [Dagaare](/source/Dagaare_language) [Dagara, Dagari][Sambiéni, Coffi. 2005. ''Le Proto-Oti-Volta-Oriental: Essai d'application de la méthode historique comparative''. (Gur Monographs, 6.) Köln: Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.] || *nuan- || *tuo- || *wuan- || *nin- || *dian- || *nua- || *yia- || *kuan- || *tie- || *nia- || *di- || *yi-
|-
| [Bariba](/source/Bariba_language)[Welmers, William E. 1952. Notes on Bariba. ''Language'' 28:82-103.] || nɔnu, nɔni || so ~ soa, -su || wɛ̃ru || dondu || yara, -nu || nɔɔ (pl.?) || yem || kukuru || dã̀ã̀ (pl.?) || nim || tēm̄ || yísìrū
|-
| [Natioro](/source/Natioro_language) (Timba)[Sawadogo, Tasséré. 2002. ''[https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9163 Rapport d'enquête sur le natioro]''. SIL Electronic Survey Reports (SILESR), 2003-005. SIL International.] || ɲǎːpéjá || ɲàŋwà || mṹnṹpwã́ || ɲĩ́nã́ŋɟɛ̄ || nɛ̃́mɛ̃́sáː || pɛ́lːɛ̄ || sjã́ːmĩ́ || kàːkwà || súmwà || lwā || àʔɔ́lɪ̄ || ɲĩ́nã́
|-
| [Natioro](/source/Natioro_language) (Niansogoni)[Rongier, Jacques. 1996. Aperçu sur le mɔyɔbɛ. ''Cahiers voltaïques'' / ''Gur papers'' 1: 115-145.] || mɛnɪ́bɛ̀ / ɪ̀nɪ́bɛ̀ || kùtù / àtù || tíŋwáyí / áŋwáyí || tìní, kùní / aní || tìlénbí / àlénbí || ńnɔ́ɔ̀ / ínɔ́ɔ̀ || ményɛ́ / ányɛ́ || kúkɔ́hɔ́ / ákɔ́hɔ́ || kùléé / àléé || mɪ́nɪ̀ || li / lè || tìnyírì / ànyírì
|-
| [Kulango](/source/Kulango_languages) ([Bouna](/source/Bouna%2C_Ivory_Coast))[Prost, André. 1974. ''Description sommaire du koulango (dialecte du Bouna, Côte d'Ivoire)''. Annales de l'[Université d'Abidjan](/source/Universit%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny), série H: linguistique 7. 21-74.] || piege / piewu || tengu / tenu || saŋa / sãum || kaɣangbo / kaɣam || delengbo / delemu || nɔɔɣɔ / nuom || tuɔm || zukukpo / zukum || diɛkɔ / diɛnu || yɔkɔ || dɪ || yukɔ / yum
|-
| [Tiefo](/source/Tiefo_language)[Berthelette, Carol; Berthelette, John. 2002. ''[https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9174 Sociolinguistic survey report for the Tiéfo language]''. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-006. [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/67/27/48/67274852587554948301483132302180825127/SILESR2002_006.pdf PDF].] || éjú || ēnɑ̃́tō || ēmɛ́ʔɛ́ || kɔ̃́ʔɔ̃́ || mʲɔ̃̄ || ēnwɔ̃́ʔɔ̃́ || ɟɑ̄lɑ̄, tɾɔ̃̄ || kɑ̄ūʔù || ʃɪ̃́ʔɪ́ || || || éjɛ́
|-
| [Viemo](/source/Viemo_language) (Diosso)[Berthelette, John. 2002. [https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9122 Sociolinguistic survey report for the Vigué (Viemo) language]. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-009. [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/73/18/127318319990375352170214440069962194815/SILESR2002_009.pdf PDF].] || gĩ́ːɾɔ̀ || cũ̄ljɔ̀ || mūmúɾō || kɑ̃́ːdɔ̄ || lɑ̃́ːtīɾɔ̄ || ŋɑ̃́ || kjíːmō || fūfūɾɔ́ || sóbò || númōɔ || nũ̄ɔ̃ || índō
|-
| [Viemo](/source/Viemo_language) (Soumaguina)[Berthelette, John (2002). ''[https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/8983 Survey report on the San (Samo) language]''. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-005. ([https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/82/40/67/82406717915460712209214978734638946211/SILESR2002_005.pdf PDF])] || jǐ || to || ɲɛ̃ || sɔ || lɛwɔ || lɛ || mɑ̀ || wɛ || mú || dɑ || ɑ̀mɑ́mbíː ||
|-
| [Samo](/source/Samo_language_(Burkina)), Matya (Kouy)[{{Cite web|url=https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Niger-Congo.htm|title=The Niger-Congo Language Phylum|last=Chan|first=Eugene|publisher=Numeral Systems of the World's Languages|date=2019}}]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! Classification !! Language !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
| Bariba || [Baatonum](/source/ISO_639%3Abba) (1) || tía || ìru || ìta || ǹnɛ || nɔɔbù || nɔɔbù ka tía > nɔɔbatía (ka = and) || nɔɔbù ka ìru > nɔɔbaìru || nɔɔbù ka ìta > nɔɔbaìta || nɔɔbù ka ǹnɛ > nɔɔbaǹnɛ || ɔkuru
|-
| Bariba || [Baatonum](/source/ISO_639%3Abba) (2) || tiā || yìru || ìta / yìta || ǹnɛ || nɔ̀ɔbù || nɔ̀ɔbâ tiā (5 + 1) || nɔ̀ɔbá yìru (5 + 2) || nɔ̀ɔbâ yìta (5 + 3) || nɔ̀ɔbâ ǹnɛ (5 + 4) || wɔkuru
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Bwamu || [Buamu](/source/ISO_639%3Abox) || dòũ̀ || ɲuː || tĩː || náː || hònú || hèzĩ̀ː (5 + 1) || hèɲuː (5 + 2) || hètĩː (5 + 3) || dènú || pílú
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Bwamu || [Cwi Bwamu](/source/ISO_639%3Abwy) || dòòn || ńɲūūn || ńɔlĩ̄īn || ńnáā || hòó || hòódwĩ̀ (5 + 1) || hòòɲū (5 + 2) || hɔ̀ɔ̀ˀlĩ̄ (5 + 3) || dĩ̀í́ || ˀɓúrúù
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Bwamu || [Láá Láá Bwamu](/source/ISO_639%3Abwj) || dò || ńɲɔ || ńtĩ || ńnɛ́ || hùanú || hùezĩn (5 + 1) || hòoɲu (5 + 2) || hɔ̀ɔtĩ (5 + 3) || dĩ̀iní || píru
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Kurumfe || [Koromfé](/source/ISO_639%3Akfz) || -ndom / ɡadɔm || ɪhĩĩ || ɪtãã || ɪnãã || ɪnɔm || ɪhʊrʊ || ɪpɛ̃ɛ̃ || ɪtɔɔ || ɪfa || fi
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma || [Buli](/source/ISO_639%3Abwu) || -yéŋ / wà-ɲī || bà-yɛ̀ || bà-tà || bà-nààsì || bà-nù || bà-yùèbì || bà-yòpɔ̄āī || nāāniŋ || nèūk || pī
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma || [Konni](/source/ISO_639%3Akma) || kààní || àbɛ́lí / àlî || àbátá / àtâ || àbánìsà / ànísà || àbánʊ̀ / ànʊ́ || ńyúóbìŋ || m̀pṍĩ̀ || ǹníŋ̀ / àníì || ŋ̀wɛ́ || m̀bâŋ
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern || [Biali](/source/ISO_639%3Abeh) || cə̄rə̄- / cə̄rə̄má (counting) || dyā || tāārī / tāārə̄ || nààsī / nààrə̄ || nùm || hã̀dwàm || pèléī || nēī || wáī || pwíɡə̄
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern || [Ditammari](/source/ISO_639%3Atbz) (1) || -béé, dèǹnì (counting) || -dyá, dɛ́ɛ́, diání || -tããtī || -nàà || -nùmmù || -kūà || -yīēkà || -nì || -wɛ̄ || [tā]píítà
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern || [Ditammari](/source/ISO_639%3Atbz) (2) || denni || dɛɛni || tâati / tâadi || náà || numu || kuɔ || nyiekɛ || nni || nwɛi || tɛpiitɛ
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern || [Mbelime](/source/ISO_639%3Amql) || yɛ̃nde || yēdē || tāātē || naasi || nummu || dūo || doodɛ̄ || ninyɛ̃̄ || wɛ̄ī || kɛ̄ piíkɛ
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern || [Waama](/source/ISO_639%3Awwa) || yòn || yɛ́ndí || táárí || náásì || nùn || k͡pàrùn || bérén || nɛ̃̀í || wɛ̃̀í || pííkà
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Gurma](/source/ISO_639%3Agux) || yèndó || -lié || -tà || -nà || -mù || -luòbà || -lèlé || -nìː || -yìa || píìɡà
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Konkomba](/source/ISO_639%3Axon) || -bàa || -lèe || -tàa || -nāa || -nmúu || -lúub || -lílé || -niín || -wɛ́ɛ || píìk
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Mɛyɔ́pɛ (Sola)](/source/ISO_639%3Asoy) || nni (-sɛ) || -tɛ́ || tɑɑni (-tɑɑni) || nnɑ (-nɑ) || nnupũ (-nupũ) || kouulṹ (-kpuulũ) || sɛ́ɛ́i (-sɛɛi) || kɛpɑhɑ (-pɑhɑ), mɛtɛ́ ɑ́mɛ we kɛfi || kɛlɛɛ́, mɛsɛ ɑ́mɛ we kɛfi || kɛfi
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Nateni](/source/ISO_639%3Antm) (1) || -cɔ̃̄, dèn, dènà (counting) || -dɛ́ɛ́, dɛ́ń || tã̄lī, tã̄di || nàhĩ̀ || nùm̀ || kɔ̄lì, kɔ̀dì || yēhì || nīì || wɔ́ì || pítā
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Nateni](/source/ISO_639%3Antm) (2) || màcɔ̃́ || dɛ́ɛ́ || tãdi || nàhì || nùm̀ || kɔ̀dì || yehì || niì || wɔ́ì || píta
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Ngangam](/source/ISO_639%3Agng) (1) || mikpìɛkm || milíém || ńta || ńnàn || ńŋùn || ńlùòb || ǹlòlé || ǹnìín || ǹwɛ || píík
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma || [Ngangam](/source/ISO_639%3Agng) (2) || miba || mile || mita || minan || miŋun || miluob || milole || miniin || miwɛ || piik
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba || [Bimoba](/source/ISO_639%3Abim) || yènn || -lè || -tà || -ná || -ŋmú || -loòb || -lòlé || -niìn || -yià ||
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba || [Moba](/source/ISO_639%3Amfq) || jènǹ || ŋáńlé / ńlé || ŋáńtāː / ńtāː || ŋánnâ / nnâ || ŋáńmû / ńmû || ŋáńlɔ́ːb̀ / ńlɔ́ːb̀ || ŋáńlílé / ńlílé || ŋáńníːń / ńníːń || ŋáńwáī / ńwáī || píːɡ̀
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba || [Ntcham](/source/ISO_639%3Abim) || ǹ.-bá /-bɔ́, m̀-báá (enumerative) || ǹ.-lí, ǹ-léé (enumerative) || ǹ.-ta, ǹtàà (enumerative) || ǹ.-nàà, ǹnàà (enumerative) || ǹ.-ŋmòò, ŋ̀-ŋmòò (enumerative) || ǹ.-lùù, ǹ-lùù (enumerative) || ǹ.-lùlí, ǹlùlí (enumerative) || ǹ.-nìì, ǹníí (enumerative) || ǹ.-wá / -wɔ, ŋ̀wáá (enumerative) || sààláá, sààláá (enumerative)
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Ntcham || [Akaselem](/source/ISO_639%3Aaks) || m̀bá || mbìlé || ǹtà || ǹnàà || m̀ŋmɔ̀ || ǹlòòbè || ǹlòlé || ǹɲìì || ŋ̀wɛ̀ʔ || pʷíʔ
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Nootre || [Notre](/source/ISO_639%3Ably) || yómbó || njéntà || ntáátí || nnáásí || nnú || nyúapè || npwɛ̀ || nnii || nwà / ŋwà || píá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest || [Farefare](/source/ISO_639%3Agur) || yénnó || yì || tã́ || n náásí || n núú || n yòòbí || n yòpɔ́í || n níí || n wɛ́í || píá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest || [Mòoré](/source/ISO_639%3Amos) || yé/yémbre || yì /yìibú || tã̀ /tã́abo || náase || nú || yòobé || yòpoé || níi || wɛ́ || píiɡa
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest || [Safaliba](/source/ISO_639%3Asaf) || àyàʔ || àyîʔ || àtâʔ || ànáásí || ànúú || àyòòbí || àyòpõ̀ĩ̂ || ànɪ́ɪ̀ || àwã̀ĩ̂ || pẽ́ẽ́, pĩ́ẽ́
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest || [Wali](/source/ISO_639%3Awlx) || bʊ́ŋjɪ̀ŋ ('one thing') / jíntì ('one) || ájì ('two thing') / jéé || átà / tàà || ánááhì / nááhɪ̀ || ánú / nùù || ájʊ̀ɔ̀biɛ́ / jʊ̀ɔ̀bɛ́ || ájúpúì / jʊ̀púi || ánì / nìì || áwɛ́ɪ́ / wáì || píé / píé
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor || [Malba Birifor](/source/ISO_639%3Abfo) || bõ-ƴén (bomƴén) || áyi || ata || ánãan || ãnũun || ayʊɔb || ánũu-nɪ-áyi (5 + 2) || ánũu-nɪ-ata (5 + 3) || pié for bir || pié
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor || [Southern Birifor](/source/ISO_639%3Abiv) || boyæn || ayi || ata || anaar || anuu || ayʊɔb || ayopoin || aniin || pie for bir || pie
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari || [Northern Dagaara](/source/ISO_639%3Adgi) || bõ-yen / bõe (thing-one) || ayi || ata || anaar || anũu || ayʊɔb || ayɔpõe (six-one) || anĩi || awaɪ / pi-waɪ || pie
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari || [Southern Dagaare](/source/ISO_639%3Adga) || bòn yéní / yenti || -yé / ye || -tà / ta || -nádɪ / nadɪ || -nù / nu || -yʊ̀ɔ́ / -yʊ̀ɔ́bʊ́ / yʊɔ || -yʊ̀ɔ́pɔ̃́ɔ̃́ / pɔ̃ĩ || -nìì / nii || -wáì / waɪ || píé
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Dagbani (Dagomba)](/source/ISO_639%3Adag) || ndààm, yín-ó, yín-í || -yí || -tá || -náhí || -nú || -yóbù || -yòpóìn || -níì || -wéy || píá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Hanga](/source/ISO_639%3Ahag) || -yɪnnɪ / lʊ̀ŋ̀kʷɔ́ || ʌ́yíʔ || ʌ́tʰʌ́ʔ || ʌ́nʌ́ːsɪ || ʌ́nʊ́ || ʌ́yóːbʊ̀ || ʌ́yʌ́pʷòⁱ || ʌ́níː || ʌ́wáⁱ || pʰíːʌ́
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Kamara](/source/ISO_639%3Ajmr) || yínè || áyi || áta || ánâsɛ || ánú || áyɔ̀wí || áyɔ̀poi || ánnî || awàɛ || píyá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Kantosi](/source/ISO_639%3Axkt) || yéní || a-yí || a-tá || a-násí || a-nú || a-yóbù || a-yàpóì || a-níì || a-wài || píá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Kusaal](/source/ISO_639%3Akus) || àɾàkṍʔ / àdàkṍʔ || àjí || àtá || ànáasíʔ || ànú || àjɔ̀ɔbíʔ / àjɔ̀ɔbʊ́ʔ || àjɔ́póéʔ || áníi || àwáíʔ || píi
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast || [Mampruli](/source/ISO_639%3Amaw) || yɪ́nní / ndààm (in counting) || a-yí || a-tá || a-náásí || a-nú || a-yóóbù || a-yòpɔ̃́ì / -yòpwè || a-níì || a-wã̀y || pííyá
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-Nawdm || [Nawdm](/source/ISO_639%3Anmz) || m̩̀hén || m̩̀ɾéʔ || m̩̀tâʔ || m̩̀náː || m̩̀nû || m̩̀ɾòːndí || m̩̀lèbléʔ || m̩̀nìːndí || m̩̀wɛ́ʔ || kwíʔɾí
|-
| Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-Nawdm || [Yom (Pila)](/source/ISO_639%3Apil) || nyə̌ŋ- / nyə̌rɣə- || -li || -ta || -nɛ̀ɛ̀sə̀ || -nù || -lèèwə̀r || -nùɣa -li ('five and two', ɣa > 'and') || -li k͡pa fɛɣa (' two are not in ten ') || nyə̌ŋ- /nyə̌rɣə- k͡pa fɛɣa || fɛɣa
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Dyan || [Dyan](/source/ISO_639%3Adya) (1) || bɛ̃̀ɡ / bɪ̀ɛlè || yèɲɔ̃̀ || yèthɛ̃̀sì || yènàa || dìemà || mɔ̀lɔ̀dũ̀ (5 + 1) || mɔ̀lɔ̀ɲɔ̃̀ (5 + 2) || mɔ̀lɔ̀thɛ̃̀sì (5 + 3) || nĩ́kpó-cí-bèrè (10 - 1) ? || nĩ́kpó
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Dyan || [Dyan](/source/ISO_639%3Adya) (2) || bɛ̃ɡ / bɪɛle || yenyɔ̃ || yethɛ̃si || yenaa || diema || mɔlɔdũ (5 + 1) || mɔlɔnyɔ̃ (5 + 2) || mɔlɔthɛ̃si (5 + 3) || nĩkpo-ci-bere (10 - 1) ? || nĩkpo
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Gan-Dogose || [Dogosé](/source/ISO_639%3Ados) || tìkpóʔ || ìyɔ̰́ʔ || ìsá̰a̰ʔ || ìyḭ̀i̬ʔ || ìwà̰aʔ || mà̰ nḭ̀ póʔ (5 + 1) || mà̰ nḭ̀ yɔ̰́ʔ (5 + 2) || mà̰ nḭ̀ sá̰a̰ʔ (5 + 3) || mà̰ nḭ̀ yḭ̀i̬ʔ(5 + 4) || ɡbùnè
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Gan-Dogose || [Kaansá (Kaansé)](/source/ISO_639%3Agna) || tʰik̩͡po || ɛɲɔ̰ || isãa || ɛɲee || ɛmwãa || maʔnik͡po (5 + 1) || maʔniyɔ̃ (5 + 2) || maʔnisãaʔ (5 + 3) || k͡ponko (10 - 1) ? || k͡pooɡo
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Gan-Dogose || [Khisa (Komono)](/source/ISO_639%3Akqm) || ílèŋ || ád͡ʒɔ̃̀ŋ || átʰɔ̀ʔ || ádàa || ánɔ̃̀n || nɔ̀k͡pòŋ (5 + 1) || nɔ̀́d͡ʒɔ̃̀ŋ (5 + 2) || nɔ́tʰɔ́ʔ (5 + 3) || nɔ̀dáa (5 + 4) || hʊ̀ k͡pélé / sínʊ̃y
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Kassem](/source/ISO_639%3Axsm) (1) || kàlʊ̀ || ǹlè || ǹtɔ̀ || ǹnā || ǹnū || ǹdʊ̀n || ǹpɛ̀ || nānā || nʊ̀ɡʊ̄ || fúɡə́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Kasem](/source/ISO_639%3Axsm) (2) || kàlʊ̀ || ǹlè || ǹtɔ̀ || ǹnā || ǹnū || ǹdʊ̀n || m̀pɛ̀ || nānā || nʊ̀ɡʊ̄ || fúɡə́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Kasem](/source/ISO_639%3Axsm) (3) || kàlʊ/ dìdʊǎ || ǹlè / ǹlèi || ǹtɔ̀ || ǹnā || ǹnū || ǹdʊ̃̀ || m̀pɛ̀ / m̀pwɛ̀ || nānā || nʊ̌ɡʊ /nǒɡo || fúɡə
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Lyélé](/source/ISO_639%3Alee) || èdù || sə̀lyè || sə̀tə̀ || sə̀na || sə̀nu || ʃə̀ldù (5 + 1) ? || ʃàlpyɛ̀ (5 + 2) ? || lyɛlɛ || nə̀bɔ́ || ʃíyə́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Northern Nuni](/source/ISO_639%3Anuv) || ùdù || bìlə̀ || bìtwàà || bìna || bìnu || badù || bàpà || lɛlɛ || nìbu || fíɡə́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Southern Nuni](/source/ISO_639%3Annw) || nə̀dʊ̀ || bə̀lə̀ || bàtwà || bànīān || bònū || bàrdʊ̀ || bàrpɛ̀ || nānā || nʊ̀ɡʊ́ || fúɡə́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi || [Pana](/source/ISO_639%3Apnq) || ténɡí || ɲìí || cɔ́ɔ̀ || nàasí || nṍn || nõ̀mpí || nõ̀ncó || bàndá || ɟèefó || fó
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Bago-Kusuntu](/source/ISO_639%3Abqg) || ŋʊrʊk͡pák͡pá || bààlɛ̀ || bàtòòro || bànásá || bàànʊ́ || lèèjò || lʊ̀ŋlè || ɖìk͡pèèrè || kàkààrè /ŋʊrʊk͡pák͡pá tá sàlá (10 -1) || sàlá
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Bogoŋ (Cala / Chala)](/source/ISO_639%3Acll) || -re-, rʊ, -dʊ́ndʊlʊŋ || -la || -tooro || -náárá || -nʊ́ŋ || lʊʊrʊ || lɪkaarɛ || jiŋináárá (4 + 4) ? || saŋɡʊ́ || ɡifí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Delo](/source/ISO_639%3Antr) || daale || ala || atooro || anaara || anoŋ || looro || nyetooro (10 - 3) ? || ɡyanaara (2 x 4) ? || kadaale (10 - 1) ? || kufu
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Kabiyé](/source/ISO_639%3Akbp) || kʊ́yʊ́m || nàálɛ̀ || nàádozó || nàã́zá || kàɡ͡bã́nzì || loɖò || lʊ̀bɛ̀ || lùtoozo || nakʊ̀ || híu / náánʊ́wá
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Lama (Lamba)](/source/ISO_639%3Alas) || kóɖə́m || násə̂l || nàsìsɨ̀ || násə́násá || násə́ná || lə̀ɖə̀ || naosanautɨsɨ (4 + 3) || násə́nnásá (4 + 4) || nàkò || hʲú
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Lukpa](/source/ISO_639%3Adop) || kʊ̀lʊ̀m || naalɛ̀ || tòòsó || naasá || kàk͡pásɪ̀ || náátòsò (2 x 3 ??) || náátòsò m̀pɔ̀ɣɔ̀laɣá (6 + 1) || pə́lé fɛ́jɪ́ (- 2) || pɔ̀ɣɔ̀láɣáfɛ́jɪ́́ (- 1) || náánʊ́á
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Tem](/source/ISO_639%3Akdh) (1) || káɔ́ɖe || sííɛ̀ || tóózo || nááza || nʊ́ʊ́wa || loɖo || lʊbɛ || lutoozo || kéénííré || fuú
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Eastern || [Tem](/source/ISO_639%3Akdh) (2) || káɔ́ɖe || sííɛ̀ || tóózó || náázá || nʊ́ʊ́wa || loɖo || lʊbɛ || lutoozo || kéénííré || fuú
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Chakali](/source/ISO_639%3Acli) || dɪ́ɡɪ́máná / dɪ́ɡɪ́máŋá || álìɛ̀ || átʊ̀rʊ̀ / átʊ̀lì / á-tòrò || ànáásì || āɲɔ̃̄ || állʊ̀rʊ̀ / állʊ̀lʊ̀ || àlʊpɛ̀ / lʊ́pɛ̀ || ŋmɛ́ŋtɛ́l || dɪ́ɡɪ́tūū (10 - 1) ? || fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Deg (Degha)](/source/ISO_639%3Amzw) || beŋk͡paŋ / k͡pee (for counting only) || anɛ / nɛɛ || adoro / tooro || anaarɛ / naarɛ || anue / nue || anʊmɛl / nʊmɛl (5 + 1) || anʊanɛ / nʊanɛ (5 + 2) || anʊatoro / nʊatoto (5 + 3) || anʊanaarɛ / nʊanaarɛ (5 + 4) || fi
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Paasaal (Passale)](/source/ISO_639%3Asig) || kɪ́dɪ́ɡɪ́ / dííŋ || bàlìyà / lìyà || bòtò / tóó || bànāā / náá || bɔ̀nɔ̀ŋ / nɔ́ɔ́ŋ || bàdʊ̀ / dʊ́ʊ́ || bàpɛ̀ / pɛ́ɛ́ || kyórí / kyórí || níbí / níbí || fí / fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Phuie (Puguli)](/source/ISO_639%3Apug) || déò / dùdúmí || ʔɛ̃́ɛ̃́ || ʔárʊ̀ || ànɛ̃́ / ànɛ́ŋ ? || ànɔ̃́ / ànɔ́ŋ ? || ànṍ déò (5 + 1) || ànṍ ʔɛ̃́ɛ̃́ (5 + 2) || ànɔ̃́ ʔárʊ̀ (5 + 3) || ànóŋ ànɛ̃́ / fí dùdúmí tʰõ̀ || fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Western Sisaala](/source/ISO_639%3Assl) || bàlá / dɪ̀ɛ́n || bɛ́llɛ́ / lɛ́ || bàtòró / tòró || bànáá / náá || bɔ̀mmʊ̀ɔ́ / mʊ̀ɔ́ || bóldó / dó || bálpɛ́ / pɛ́ || tʃòrí || nɛ̀mɛ́ || fíí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Sisaala Tumulung](/source/ISO_639%3Asil) || kʊ̀bàlá / dɪ̀áŋ || bàlɪ̀á / lɪ̀a || bàtórí / tórí || bànɛ́sɛ́ / nɛ̀sɛ́ || bànɔ́ŋ / nɔ́ŋ || bàlídú / dú || bàlɪ̀pɛ́ / pɛ́ || tʃòrí || nìbí || fíí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Sissala](/source/ISO_639%3Asld) || balá || bɛllɛ || botoro || baná || bɔmmʊ́ɔ́ || balɡo || balpɛ || córí || nɛ́mɛ́ || fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Tampulma](/source/ISO_639%3Atpm) || diiɡɛ || alɛɛwa || atoora || anaasi || anyuún || anɔɔrà || anɔpɛ || ŋmɛnaasa || diɡtó || fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Vagla](/source/ISO_639%3Avag) || k͡páŋ / k͡péé (when counting) || ànɛ̀ɛ̀ || àhòrò || ànáázʊ̀ || ànúè || ànʊ́mbɛl (bɛl '' a certain one '') || àníídàànɛ̀ɛ̀ || ámàntánnààzí / ŋmàntánnààzí || kábɛl (ka '' to remain '') || fí
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Grusi, Western || [Winyé (Kõ)](/source/ISO_639%3Akst) || ndo || nyɪ̃ɛ || ntɔɔ || nná || nwɔ̃́ || nɡo || npiɛ || npɔɔ || nlɛbɪ || fʊ̃́
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Kirma-Tyurama || [Cerma (Kirma)](/source/ISO_639%3Acme) || ǹdéiŋ || ǹhã́ĩ || ǹsíɛi || ǹnáà || ǹdîì || níedìeí (5 + 1) || níehã́ĩ (5 + 2) || níisìɛí (5 + 3) || nénnáà (5 + 4) || cĩ́ŋcíelùó
|-
| Central Gur, Southern, Kirma-Tyurama || [Turka](/source/ISO_639%3Atuz) || dẽẽná || hãl || siɛl || n̩nə̃̀ || n̩di || nã́ndèin (5 + 1) || nə̃́rə̃́hã̀l (5 + 2) || nə̃́rə̃́siɛ̀l (5 + 3) || dɛ̃̀ɛ̃̀sə́ (10 -1) ? || nṹɔ̃́sɔ̃̀
|-
| Kulango || [Kulango](/source/ISO_639%3Akzc) (1) || ta || bíla || sããbe || na || tɔ || tʊrɔtãtã (5 + 1) || tʊrɔfriɲuu (5 + 2) || tʊrɔfrisãã (5 + 3) || tʊrɔfrina (5 + 4) || nuun
|-
| Kulango || [Kulango](/source/ISO_639%3Akzc) (2) || táà || bílà || sã̀ã̀bí || nã́ || tɔ́ || tɔ́rɔ́tàà (5 + 1) || tɔ́rɔ́fíríɲũ̀ (5 + 2) || tɔ́rɔ́fírísã̀ã̀ (5 + 3) || tɔ́rɔ́fírínã́ (5 + 4) || nṹnũ̀
|-
| Kulango || [Bouna Kulango](/source/ISO_639%3Anku) || taà, tãã̀ || bɪlà, nyʊʊ̀ || sãã̀ || naʔ || tɔ || tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn taà, tɔrɔ fɪ(rɪ) nyʊʊ̀ (5 + 1) || tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn bɪla (5 + 2) || tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn sãã̀ (5 + 3) || tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn na (5 + 4) || nuùnu, nûnu, tɔtɔ bɪla, tɔtɔ nyʊʊ̀
|-
| Lobi || [Lobi](/source/ISO_639%3Alob) || bìɛ̀l || yɛnyɔ || yentʰer || yɛnã́ || yɛmɔɪ || màadõ || makonyɔ (5 + 2) || makõtʰer (5 + 3) || nyʊ̌ɔr bìr pʰéro (10 - 1) || nyʊ̌ɔr
|-
| Senufo, Karaboro || [Eastern Karaboro](/source/ISO_639%3Axrb) (1) || nɔ̀ni || ʃyɔ̃̀ / ʃiɲ̀ || tã̀ã̀ || tíʃyàr /díʃyàr /ríʃyàr || bwà / bwɔ̀ || kwaɲ̀ || kwa-sĩ̀ĩ̀ (lit: "a second six") || kwa-tã̀ã̀ (lit: " a third six") || kwa-ríʃyàr (lit: "fourth six") || sĩʃye
|-
| Senufo, Karaboro || [Eastern Karaboro](/source/ISO_639%3Axrb) (2) || nɔ̀nī || syã̀ŋ || tã̀ã || tésyàr / résyàr || bwà || kwāy || kwásĩ̀ĩ || kwátã̀à || kwàrésyàr || sẽ̄nsyē
|-
| Senufo, Karaboro || [Western Karaboro](/source/ISO_639%3Akza) || nɔ̀ni || ʃin || taàr || tɪhyɛɛ̀r || bwɔ̀ || k(ʋ)lɔ̀n || klɔʃìn || kwɔtàar̀ || wɔ̀dèfèr / wɔ̀def(ə)r ? || síncíl
|-
| Senufo, Kpalaga || [Palaka Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Aplr) || niŋɡ͡be || sɔinŋ || taanri = tããri ? || jijilɛi = d͡ʒid͡ʒilɛi ? || kanɡuruɡo || kuɡɔlɔŋ || kuɡɔlɔŋ sɔinŋ (5 + 2) || kuɡɔlɔŋ taanri (5 + 3) || kuɡɔlɔŋ d͡ʒid͡ʒilɛi (5 + 4) || kɔ́jɛ
|-
| Senufo, Nafaanra || [Nafaanra Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Anfr) || núnu || çíín || táárɛ̀ || ɟíɟírɛ̀ || kúnɔ || kɔ́ɔ̀nánù (5 + 1) || kɔ́ɔ̀náçíín (5 + 2) || kɔ́ɔ̀nátárè (5 + 3) || kɔ́ɔ̀náɟirɛ (5 + 4) || kɛ́
|-
| Senufo, Senari || [Cebaara Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Asef) || nìbín || sīin || tāanri || sīcɛ̄rɛ̄ || kāɡūnɔ̀ || kɔ̀rɔ́nī (5 + 1) || kɔ̀rɔ́sīin (5 + 2) || kɔ̀rɔ́tāanrì (5 + 3) || k͡pǎjɛ̄rɛ̄ (5 + 4) || kɛ́ɛ
|-
| Senufo, Suppire-Mamara || [Mamara Senoufo (Minyanka)](/source/ISO_639%3Amyk) || niɡĩ̀ / niɡĩ (second set from SIL) || ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀ / ʃũ̀ũ̀ || tããrè / tããri || ʃiʃyɛ̀ɛrɛ̀ / ʃiʃɛɛrɛ || kaɡuru / kaɡuro || ɡ͡baara / ɡ͡baara || ɡ͡baa-ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀ / ɡ͡baaraʃũũ (5 + 2) || ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀lake / ʃũ̀ũ̀lakɛ (2 to 10) || niɡĩ̀fɔ̀kɛ / niɡĩlakɛ (1 to 10) || kɛ / kɛ
|-
| Senufo, Suppire-Mamara || [Shempire Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Aseb) (1) || ninɡin || ʃuunni || taanri || sicɛɛrɛ || kaɡuru || ɡ͡baani || ɡ͡baʃuuni (5 + 2) || ɡ͡bataanri (5 + 3) || ɡ͡baɛɛrɛ (5 + 4) || kɛ
|-
| Senufo, Suppire-Mamara || [Shempire Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Aseb) (2) || nanbin || ʃuunni || taanri || sicɛɛrɛ || kaɡro || ɡ͡baani || ɡ͡baʃuuni (5 + 2) || ɡ͡bataanri (5 + 3) || ɡ͡baɛɛrɛ (5 + 4) || kɛ
|-
| Senufo, Suppire-Mamara || [Sìcìté Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Asep) || nìkĩ̀ || sɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀nì / sũ̀ũ̀nì || tã̀ã̀rì || sìcɛ̀ɛ̀rì || kānkūrò || ɡ͡bāārù || ɡ͡bārsɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀nì || ɡ͡bārtã̀ã̀rì / kāzɛ̄ɛm̀bē || ɡ͡bārsìcɛ̀ɛ̀rì / nìkĩ̀ndáʔá (10 - 1) || kɛ̄
|-
| Senufo, Suppire-Mamara || [Supyire Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Aspp) || nìŋkìn || ʃùùnnì || tàànrè || sìcyɛ̀ɛ̀rè || kaŋkuro (< 'fist ') || baa-nì (5 + 1) || baa-ʃùùnnì (5 + 2) || baa-tàànrè (5 + 3) || baa-sìcyɛ̀ɛ̀rè (5 + 4) || kɛ̄
|-
| Senufo, Tagwana-Djimini || [Djimini Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Adyi) || nuŋɡ͡ba || ʃyɛn || tããri || tid͡ʒɛrɛ || kaŋɡuruɡo || kɔɡɔlɔni || kɔlɔʃyɛn (5 + 2) || kɔlɔtããri (5 + 3) || kɔlɔd͡ʒɛrɛ (5 + 4) || kɛ
|-
| Senufo, Tagwana-Djimini || [Nyarafolo Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Asev) || nīɡbe || sīin || tāanri || sīcɛri || kōɡunɔ̀ || kɔ̀línī (5 + 1) || kɔ̀lisīin (5 + 2) || kàtāanrì (5 + 3) || kàcɛ̄rì (5 + 4) || kíɛ̀
|-
| Senufo, Tagwana-Djimini || [Tagwana Senoufo](/source/ISO_639%3Atgw) || nuɡ͡be || syẽ || tãri || tityere || koɡunu || nõli || nasyẽ (5 + 2) || natãri (5 + 3) || natyere (5 + 4) || kẽ / k͡prò
|-
| Teen || [Téén (Lorhon)](/source/ISO_639%3Alor) || tanɪ || nyoor || saanr || na || tɔ || tɔtanɪ (lit: ''five one'') || tɔnyoor (lit: ''five two'') || tɔsaanr (lit: ''five three'') || tanbalˈpɔrwɔ (lit: ''one less than ten'') || ˈpɔrwɔ
|-
| Tiefo || [Tiéfo](/source/ISO_639%3Atiq) (1) || ʔe diɛ̃ni (attributive use: dɛ̃̀) || ɟɔ̃ || sã́ || ʔuʔɔ̃́ / ŋɔɔ (variant of Noumoudara) || kã̀ || kã̀-dĩ (5 + 1) || kã-ɟɔ̃ (5 + 2) || kã-sá (5 + 3) || kã-ʔuɔ̃́ (5 + 4) || támúwá / kɛ̃
|-
| Tiefo || [Tiéfo](/source/ISO_639%3Atiq) (2) || dɛ̃̀ / ʔë diɛ̃̀ni || jɔ̃ || sã́ || ʔuʔɔ̃́ || kã̀ || kã̀-dĩ (5 + 1) || kã̀-jɔ̃ (5 + 2) || kã̀-sá (5 + 3) || kã̀-ʔuɔ̃ (5 + 4) || tamʷúá / támú
|-
| Tusia || [Northern Toussian](/source/ISO_639%3Atsp) (1) || nāɣ, nāɣ, nāɣ || nīnì || tɔ̄nɔ̀ || jã᷇ || klò || kùnũ᷇ || kālèj || kɔ̀tɔ̃̂ || kàjã̂ || bwɔ̀
|-
| Tusia || [Northern Toussian](/source/ISO_639%3Atsp) (2) || nṍṍkə̀ || nĩ́ŋnõ̀ || tṍṍnõ̀ || ĩ́jã̂ || klʊ̂ || kv̀v̀nə̃̀ŋ (5 + 1) || kvììnĩ̀ (5 + 2) || k͡pwɛ̀ɛ̀tṍ (5 + 3) || k͡pààrĩ̀jã́ (5 + 4) || sàbwɔ̀
|-
| Tusia || [Southern Toussian](/source/ISO_639%3Awib) || núkú || nínɔ́ || tɔ̃́nɔ́ || ńyã́h || kwlɔ || kénúkò (5 + 1) || kwǎrninɔ (5 + 2) || kwǎrtɔ̃́nɔ (5 + 3) || kwǎryã́h (5 + 4) || ɡbãm
|-
| Viemo || [Viemo (Vigye)](/source/ISO_639%3Avig) || dũde [dʷũⁿde] || niinĩ [niːnĩ] || sãsĩ [sãsĩ] || jumĩ [d͡ʒʷumĩ] || kuɛɡe [kwɛɣe] || kõnũrã [kõnũɾã] || kõnĩse [kõnĩse] || jumĩjɔ niinĩ [d͡ʒʷumĩd͡ʒɔ niːnĩ] 4 x 2 ? || kwɔmĩdĩ fɛrɛyɔ [k͡pʷɔmĩⁿdĩ fɛɾɛjɔ] -1? || kwɔmũ [k͡pʷɔmũ]
|-
| Wara-Natioro || [Wara](/source/ISO_639%3Awbf) || púwò || bǒ || tĩ́ || náású || sùsú || sírìpò || súrũ̌tó / sínĩ̀tó || sĩ̂tĩ́ (+ 3?) || sĩ̂náású (+ 4 ?) || kã̀ã̀sá
|}
== Writing system ==
{{unref section|date=January 2026}}
The [Goulsse alphabet](/source/Goulsse_alphabet) was invented in 2022 as a native script for the Gur languages.
==References==
{{reflist}}
* Manessy, Gabriel (1968/71) 'Langues voltaïques sans classes' in Actes du huitième congres international de linguistique africaine. [Congress was 1968, proceedings published 1971] Abidjan, Université d'Abidjan, 335-346.
* Naden, Anthony J. (1989) 'Gur', in Bendor-Samuel, John & Hartell, Rhonda L. (eds) ''The Niger–Congo languages. A classification and description of Africa's largest language family.'' Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 140-168.
* Roncador, Manfred von; Miehe, Gudrun (1998) ''Les langues gur (voltaïques). Bibliographie commentée et inventaire des appelations des langues.'' Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
*Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd & Nurse, Derek (eds.) ''African languages: an introduction'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11-42.
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022219/http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/Gur.aspx Journal of West African Languages: Gur languages]
*[http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/NC/Public/pdf/swadesh_Gur2.pdf Proto-Gur Swadesh lists] (Gabriel Manessy 1969, 1975, 1979)
{{Gur languages}}
{{Niger-Congo branches}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gur Languages}}
*
Category:Volta–Congo languages
Category:Dagbon
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gur languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur_languages) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur_languages?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.