# Group of Two

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Informal grouping of the United States and China

The United States and China.

The **Group of Two** (**G-2** or **G2**) is a hypothetical and an informal grouping made up of the [United States](/source/United_States) and the [People's Republic of China](/source/China) first proposed by [C. Fred Bergsten](/source/C._Fred_Bergsten).[1][2] As the concept gained more traction with members of the [Obama administration](/source/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama) and foreign policy establishment who came to recognize the increasing importance of the [United States' relationship with China](/source/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations), its original economic focus became more all-encompassing.[3] Prominent advocates of the grouping include U.S. president [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump), former [national security advisor](/source/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)) [Zbigniew Brzezinski](/source/Zbigniew_Brzezinski), historian [Niall Ferguson](/source/Niall_Ferguson), former [World Bank](/source/World_Bank) president [Robert Zoellick](/source/Robert_Zoellick), and former chief economist [Justin Yifu Lin](/source/Justin_Yifu_Lin).

There have been increasingly strong suggestions by [American liberal](/source/American_liberal) politicians in creating a G-2 relationship to work out solutions to global problems, and prevent [another cold war](/source/Second_Cold_War).[4] However, as [strategic competition between the two powers has intensified](/source/United_States_foreign_policy_toward_the_People's_Republic_of_China), many have rejected the concept.[5][6]

## History

The concept of a G-2 was first raised by noted economist [C. Fred Bergsten](/source/C._Fred_Bergsten) in 2005.[3] In 2009, Bergsten made the following arguments for such a relationship:

- China will shortly pass Japan to become the world's second largest economy behind the United States;

- the two together accounted for almost one half of all global growth during the four-year boom prior to the crisis;

- they are the two largest economies;

- they are the two largest trading nations;

- they are the two largest polluters;

- they are on opposite ends of the world's largest trade and financial imbalance: the United States is the largest deficit and debtor country while China is the largest surplus country and holder of dollar reserves;

- they are the leaders of the two groups, the high-income industrialized countries and the emerging markets/developing nations, that each now account for about one half of global output.[7]

[Zbigniew Brzezinski](/source/Zbigniew_Brzezinski) had been a vocal advocate for the concept. He publicly advanced the notion in [Beijing](/source/Beijing) in January 2009 as the two countries celebrated the 30th anniversary of establishing formal diplomatic ties.[8] He views the informal G-2 as helpful in finding solutions to the [2008 financial crisis](/source/2008_financial_crisis), [climate change](/source/Climate_change) (see [Politics of climate change](/source/Politics_of_climate_change)), [North Korea's](/source/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Nuclear_weapons) and [Iran's](/source/Nuclear_program_of_Iran) nuclear programs, the [Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts](/source/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts), the [Israeli–Palestinian conflict](/source/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict), [United Nations peacekeeping](/source/United_Nations_peacekeeping), [nuclear proliferation](/source/Nuclear_proliferation) and [disarmament](/source/Nuclear_disarmament). He called the principle of "harmony" a "mission worthy of the two countries with the most extraordinary potential for shaping our collective future".[9][10]

Historian [Niall Ferguson](/source/Niall_Ferguson) has also advocated the G-2 concept. He coined the term [Chimerica](/source/Chimerica) to describe the symbiotic nature of the U.S.–China economic relationship.

[Robert Zoellick](/source/Robert_Zoellick), former president of the [World Bank Group](/source/World_Bank_Group), and [Justin Yifu Lin](/source/Justin_Yifu_Lin), the group's former chief economist and senior vice president, have stated that the G-2 is crucial for economic recovery and that the U.S. and China must work together. They state that "without a strong G-2, the [G-20](/source/G20) will disappoint".[11]

While widely discussed, the concept of a G-2 has not been fully defined. According to Brzezinski, G-2 described the current realities, while for former British Foreign Secretary [David Miliband](/source/David_Miliband), a G-2 could emerge in the foreseeable future.[8] Miliband proposes [EU integration](/source/European_integration) as a means to create a potential G-3 that consists of the United States, China and the [European Union](/source/European_Union).

Former President [Barack Obama](/source/Barack_Obama) and former [United States Secretary of State](/source/United_States_Secretary_of_State) [Hillary Clinton](/source/Hillary_Clinton) have been very supportive of good relations between the two countries and more cooperation on more issues more often. Former Secretary of State [Henry Kissinger](/source/Henry_Kissinger) has stated that U.S.–China relationship should be "taken to a new level". Some experts have disagreed with the effectiveness of a G-2.[12] However, Clinton has said that there is no G-2.[13]

In 2023, it was reported by *[Nikkei Asia](/source/Nikkei_Asia)* that [General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party](/source/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party) [Xi Jinping](/source/Xi_Jinping) drew on the idea of G-2 as a way to manage his country's relations with the U.S.[6]

On October 30, 2025, U.S. President [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump) referred to a meeting between him and Xi as the G-2, posting "THE G2 WILL BE CONVENING SHORTLY!".[14] On November 1, 2025, Trump posted "My G2 meeting with President Xi of China was a great one for both of our countries. This meeting will lead to everlasting peace and success. God bless both China and the USA!"[15] On the same day, [United States Secretary of Defense](/source/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense) [Pete Hegseth](/source/Pete_Hegseth) posted "As President Trump said, his historic 'G2 meeting' set the tone for everlasting peace and success for the U.S. and China."[16]

## Current leaders

		- **[China](/source/China)** [Xi Jinping](/source/Xi_Jinping), [CCP General Secretary](/source/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party)

		- **[United States](/source/United_States)** [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump), [President](/source/President_of_the_United_States)

## See also

- [United States–China security cooperation](/source/United_States%E2%80%93China_security_cooperation)

- [U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue](/source/U.S.%E2%80%93China_Strategic_and_Economic_Dialogue)

- [EU three](/source/EU_three)

- [Group of Three](/source/Group_of_Three)

- [Group of Five](/source/Group_of_Five)

- [G7](/source/G7)

- [G8](/source/G8)

- [Most favoured nation](/source/Most_favoured_nation)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Loungani, Prakash](/source/Prakash_Loungani) (March 2012). ["An American Globalist"](https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2012/03/people.htm). *[Finance & Development](/source/Finance_%26_Development)*. **49** (1): 5. Retrieved November 12, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Bergsten, C. Fred](/source/C._Fred_Bergsten) (July–August 2008). ["A Partnership of Equals: How Washington Should Respond to China's Economic Challenge"](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2008-06-01/partnership-equals). *[Foreign Affairs](/source/Foreign_Affairs)*. Vol. 87, no. 4. pp. 57–69. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20032716](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20032716). Retrieved November 12, 2025.{{[cite magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bergsten_20090901_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bergsten_20090901_3-1) [Bergsten, C. Fred](/source/C._Fred_Bergsten) (September–October 2009). ["Two's Company"](http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65232/c-fred-bergsten/twos-company). *[Foreign Affairs](/source/Foreign_Affairs)*. Vol. 88, no. 5. pp. 169–170. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20699703](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20699703). Retrieved June 27, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Kampf, David (May 14, 2009). ["Viewpoints: Moving the G-2 Forward"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095803/http://www.fpa.org/topics_info2414/topics_info_show.htm?doc_id=912530). [Foreign Policy Association](/source/Foreign_Policy_Association). Archived from [the original](http://www.fpa.org/topics_info2414/topics_info_show.htm?doc_id=912530) on September 27, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Zhao, Minghao (Autumn 2019). ["Is a New Cold War Inevitable? Chinese Perspectives on US–China Strategic Competition"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcjip%2Fpoz010). *[The Chinese Journal of International Politics](/source/The_Chinese_Journal_of_International_Politics)*. **12** (3): 371–394. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/cjip/poz010](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcjip%2Fpoz010). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [48615750](https://www.jstor.org/stable/48615750).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nakazawa_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nakazawa_6-1) Nakazawa, Katsuji (June 22, 2023). ["Analysis: After a decade, Xi floats 'G2' world with U.S. again"](https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/China-up-close/Analysis-After-a-decade-Xi-floats-G2-world-with-U.S.-again). *[Nikkei Asia](/source/Nikkei_Asia)*. Retrieved November 12, 2025.{{[cite magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Bergsten, C. Fred](/source/C._Fred_Bergsten) (September 10, 2009). ["Testimony: The United States–China Economic Relationship and the Strategic and Economic Dialogue"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090912131347/http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=1291). [Peterson Institute for International Economics](/source/Peterson_Institute_for_International_Economics). Archived from [the original](http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=1291) on September 12, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2010.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jian_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jian_8-1) Jian, Junbo (May 29, 2009). ["China says 'no thanks' to G-2"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090531065554/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/KE29Ad01.html). *[Asia Times Online](/source/Asia_Times_Online)*. Archived from [the original](http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/KE29Ad01.html) on May 31, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Wong, Edward](/source/Edward_Wong) (January 2, 2009). ["Former Carter adviser calls for a 'G-2' between U.S. and China"](https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/12/world/asia/12iht-beijing.3.19283773.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. Retrieved November 12, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Brzezinski, Zbigniew](/source/Zbigniew_Brzezinski) (January 13, 2009). ["The Group of Two that could change the world"](https://www.ft.com/content/d99369b8-e178-11dd-afa0-0000779fd2ac). *[Financial Times](/source/Financial_Times)*. Retrieved June 27, 2010.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [Zoellick, Robert B.](/source/Robert_Zoellick); [Lin, Justin Yifu](/source/Justin_Yifu_Lin) (March 6, 2009). ["Recovery: A Job for China and the U.S."](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/05/AR2009030502887.html) *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*. Retrieved June 27, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [Economy, Elizabeth C.](/source/Elizabeth_Economy); [Segal, Adam](/source/Adam_Segal) (May–June 2009). ["The G-2 Mirage: Why the United States and China Are Not Ready to Upgrade Ties"](http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64946/elizabeth-c-economy-and-adam-segal/the-g-2-mirage). *[Foreign Affairs](/source/Foreign_Affairs)*. Vol. 88, no. 3. pp. 14–23. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20699560](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20699560). Retrieved June 27, 2010.{{[cite magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [Landler, Mark](/source/Mark_Landler) (January 14, 2011). ["U.S. Is Not Trying to Contain China, Clinton Says"](https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/15/world/asia/15diplo.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Jett, Jennifer; Guo, Peter (October 30, 2025). ["Trump arrives in Busan for meeting with Xi"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/live-blog/live-updates-trump-xi-talks-south-korea-asia-tour-trade-third-term-rcna240430/rcrd92034). [NBC News](/source/NBC_News). Retrieved November 12, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Trump-Xi deal: China to suspend some rare earth curbs, probes on chip firms, US says"](https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3331200/trump-xi-deal-china-suspend-some-rare-earth-curbs-probes-chip-firms-us-says). *[South China Morning Post](/source/South_China_Morning_Post)*. [Bloomberg News](/source/Bloomberg_News). November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 12, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Jeong, Audry (November 2, 2025). ["US and China agree to open up military-to-military communication channels, Hegseth says"](https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-government-shutdown-election-11-01-25?post-id=cmhgua5th00053b6po539ojlk). [CNN](/source/CNN). Retrieved November 12, 2025.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Group of Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Two) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Two?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.