# Grindulu River

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Grindulu_River
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Grindulu_River.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindulu_River
> Source revision: 1336328596
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Grindulu River" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

River in East Java, Indonesia

Grindulu River Show map of Java Show map of Indonesia Location Country Indonesia Provinces East Java Physical characteristics Source Mount Gembes • location Bandar, Pacitan • elevation 1,200 m (3,900 ft) 2nd source Berkala River (-8.07083, 111.3125) • location Tegalombo, Pacitan • elevation 232 m (761 ft) Mouth Teluk Pacitan, Samudra Hindia • location Ploso, Pacitan • coordinates 8°14′02″S 111°06′14″E / 8.2338°S 111.1039°E / -8.2338; 111.1039 Length 70 km (43 mi) Basin size 715 km2 (276 mi2)[1] Basin features River system DAS Grindulu (DAS230561)[1] River management BPDAS Solo[1]

The **Grindulu River** is a river in [East Java](/source/East_Java), Java, Indonesia. It flows from [Mount Gembes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Gembes&action=edit&redlink=1) (1,200 [metres above sea level](/source/Metres_above_sea_level)), [Pacitan Recency](/source/Pacitan_Regency), at the border of [Jeruk Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeruk_Village&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Bangunsari Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangunsari_Village&action=edit&redlink=1) in the [Bandar District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandar_District&action=edit&redlink=1). It then flows through the [Tegalombo District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tegalombo_District&action=edit&redlink=1) and the [Arjosari District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arjosari_District&action=edit&redlink=1) in the [Pacitan Regency](/source/Pacitan_Regency), and into the [Indian Ocean](/source/Indian_Ocean) at [Ploso Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ploso_Village&action=edit&redlink=1). Grindulu River is approximately 70 km long, flowing from the northeast to the southwest before turning south.

## Hydrology

The Grindulu [river basin](/source/River_basin) stretches through three regencies: the [Pacitan Regency](/source/Pacitan_Regency), the [Ponorogo Regency](/source/Ponorogo_Regency), and the [Wonogiri Regency](/source/Wonogiri_Regency). The basin covers an area of approximately 655,40 km2. 593,8 km2 of the river basin (90.6%) is in the Pacitan Regency.[2]

### Tributary

Major tributaries include:

- [Jelok River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jelok_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ponggok River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ponggok_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Siru River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siru_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Asemgondok River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asemgondok_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Tengi River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tengi_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ngepoh River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngepoh_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ngreco River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngreco_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Jaten River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaten_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Plaosan River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plaosan_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Sungmantung River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sungmantung_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Gemaharjo River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gemaharjo_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Kapa River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapa_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ploso River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ploso_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Dungdowo River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dungdowo_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Jati River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jati_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Pasan River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pasan_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ngaglik River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngaglik_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Pelemsengir River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelemsengir_River&action=edit&redlink=1)

## Geomorphology

The Grindulu watershed is primarily affected by local residents' control of dry land, which impacts the development of the surface soil conditions of the Grindulu watershed. Soil makes up 61.29% of the area around the river, with very thin [solum](/source/Solum) and [lithosol](/source/Orthent) parent rock outcrops. This highly erosive topsoil layer impacts the high levels of sedimentation around the river.

Erosion levels around the Gindulu River watershed are very high, with at least 60 tons of soil per hectare transported annually. Erosion levels are calculated by measuring variables like soil characteristics, land use patterns, land management, and topographic conditions.

In addition to surface flow, the Gindulu River flows underground within the [Pringkulu District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pringkulu_District&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Donorojo District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donorojo_District&action=edit&redlink=1). The underground river flows through a complex system of cave passages and underground channels, resulting in limestone ([karst](/source/Karst)) reef facies. The discharge from the underground river reaches 176.70 litres/second.[2]

## Geography

The Gindulu River flows in the south-central region of Java, which typically has a tropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is around 23°C, with a high of 26°C in October and a low of 20°C in April.[3]

The average annual rainfall is 2703 mm. Monthly rainfall reaches a high of 477 mm in January and a low of 29 mm in August.[4]

Grindulu River Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D 477 24 19 331 24 22 322 23 20 212 22 18 172 25 21 189 26 20 132 25 20 29 25 20 44 27 20 89 30 21 258 27 20 447 24 22 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D 19 75 66 13 75 72 13 73 68 8.3 72 64 6.8 77 70 7.4 79 68 5.2 77 68 1.1 77 68 1.7 81 68 3.5 86 70 10 81 68 18 75 72 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

## Utilization

The Grindulu River watershed area contains many natural resources, such as stones, sand and various types of fish. Residents along the Grindulu River utilize the river for agricultural and fishery (through traditional fishing and netting). The large water discharge of the Grindulu River is also used for traditional irrigation.

The Tukul Reservoir Dam is currently under construction on the [Asemgondok River](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asemgondok_River&action=edit&redlink=1), next to the [Karanggede Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karanggede_Village&action=edit&redlink=1) in the [Arjosari District](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arjosari_District&action=edit&redlink=1). The dam has a planned capacity of 8.68M³ and is expected to irrigate 600 hectares of land and provide raw water supply at 0.35M³/second, generating 0.64 MW of electricity.[2]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lampiran_Peraturan_Menteri_Kehutanan_511-2011_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lampiran_Peraturan_Menteri_Kehutanan_511-2011_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lampiran_Peraturan_Menteri_Kehutanan_511-2011_1-2) [https://hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f2f760d2fff3/keputusan-menteri-kehutanan-nomor-sk511menhutv2011-tahun-2011](https://hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f2f760d2fff3/keputusan-menteri-kehutanan-nomor-sk511menhutv2011-tahun-2011)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-tukul_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-tukul_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-tukul_2-2) ["Bendungan Tukul"](https://kppip.go.id/proyek-strategis-nasional/bendungan-dan-irigasi/bendungan-tukul/). *Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas*. Retrieved 2025-04-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nasa_3-0)** ["NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200510015442/). *NASA Earth Observations*. NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from [the original](https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php) on 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2018-12-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nasarain_4-0)** ["NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014). *NASA Earth Observations*. NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from [the original](https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014) on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2018-12-04.

v t e Rivers of East Java Bengawan Solo Brantas Madiun Mas Porong Sanen Setail Widas

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Grindulu River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindulu_River) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindulu_River?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.