# Griffonia

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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Griffonia simplicifolia Faguet 1866.jpg
|image_caption = ''[Griffonia simplicifolia](/source/Griffonia_simplicifolia)''
|taxon = Griffonia
|authority = [Baill.](/source/Henri_Ernest_Baillon) (1865)<ref name=trop1>The genus ''Griffonia'', as well as the [type](/source/type_(botany)), ''G.&nbsp;physocarpa'', were first described and published in ''Adansonia'' 6: 188. 1865. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40017508 |title=Name - !''Griffonia'' Baill. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden) |location=[Saint Louis, Missouri](/source/Saint_Louis%2C_Missouri) |accessdate=November 14, 2012}}</ref>
|type_species = ''[Griffonia physocarpa](/source/Griffonia_physocarpa)''
|type_species_authority = Baill.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 4; see text
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP | journal = [Phytoneuron](/source/Phytoneuron) | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}</ref>
|synonyms = ''Bandeiraea'' <small>Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. (1865)</small>
}}

'''''Griffonia''''' is a genus of central African [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s in the legume family, [Fabaceae](/source/Fabaceae). It belongs to the subfamily [Cercidoideae](/source/Cercidoideae). ''Griffonia'' is known to have a high concentration of [5-HTP](/source/5-HTP) in its seeds.{{Citation needed|date=November 2012}}

The genus includes four species of scandent shrubs and lianas native to west and west-central tropical Africa, ranging from Liberia to DR Congo and Angola. They grow in humid tropical forests, swamp forests, and thickets in coastal wooded grassland.<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:22523-1 ''Griffonia'' Baill.] ''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)''. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</ref>

''G. physocarpa, G. speciosa'', and ''G. tessmannii'' are native to west-central Africa, with ''G. physocarpa'' having the widest distribution. ''G. simplicifolia'' ranges from Gabon to Liberia.<ref name = powo/>

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Griffonia'' was named by [Henri Baillon](/source/Henri_Ernest_Baillon) in honour of his friend and fellow physician [Marie-Théophile Griffon du Bellay](/source/Marie-Th%C3%A9ophile_Griffon_du_Bellay), explorer of [Gabon](/source/Gabon), pioneer in the study of [sleeping sickness](/source/African_trypanosomiasis) and also of the African [entheogen](/source/entheogen) [Iboga](/source/Tabernanthe_iboga), source of the alkaloid [ibogaine](/source/ibogaine). <ref>http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_griffon_theophile.htm Retrieved at 10.02 on 31/10/20.</ref>

==Species==
''Griffonia'' comprises the following species:<ref name=trop1/><ref name=trop2>{{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40017508?tab=subordinatetaxa |title=Name - !''Griffonia'' Baill. subordinate taxa |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Griffonia&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Griffonia'' | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | accessdate = 8 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?5166 | title = GRIN species records of ''Griffonia'' | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = [Germplasm Resources Information Network](/source/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network)—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = [National Germplasm Resources Laboratory](/source/Henry_A._Wallace_Beltsville_Agricultural_Research_Center), Beltsville, Maryland | accessdate = 5 May 2014 }}</ref><ref name=powo/>
<!-- Griffonia barteri was reclassified as Dactyladenia barteri. -->
<!-- Griffonia bellayana was reclassified as Dactyladenia bellayana. -->
<!-- Griffonia icondere was reclassified as Dactyladenia icondere. -->
<!-- Griffonia mannii was reclassified as Dactyladenia mannii. -->
<!-- Griffonia pallescens was reclassified as Dactyladenia pallescens. -->
* ''[Griffonia physocarpa](/source/Griffonia_physocarpa)'' <small>[Baill.](/source/Henri_Ernest_Baillon)</small>
* ''[Griffonia simplicifolia](/source/Griffonia_simplicifolia)'' <small>([M.Vahl](/source/Martin_Vahl_II) ex [DC.](/source/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle)) Baill.</small>
* ''[Griffonia speciosa](/source/Griffonia_speciosa)'' <small>([Welw.](/source/Friedrich_Welwitsch) ''ex'' [Benth.](/source/George_Bentham)) [Taub.](/source/Paul_Hermann_Wilhelm_Taubert)</small>
* ''[Griffonia tessmannii](/source/Griffonia_tessmannii)'' <small>([De Wild.](/source/%C3%89mile_Auguste_Joseph_De_Wildeman)) [Compère](/source/Pierre_Comp%C3%A8re)</small>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{commonscat inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2712144}}

Category:Cercidoideae
Category:Fabaceae genera
Category:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
Category:Flora of the Afrotropical realm

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Griffonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffonia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffonia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.