# Grid code

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{{Short description|Specifications for electrical grids}}
A '''grid code''' is a technical specification which defines the parameters a facility connected to a public [electric grid](/source/electric_grid) has to meet to ensure safe, secure and economic proper functioning of the electric system. The facility can be an [electricity generating plant](/source/electricity_generation), a consumer, or another network.<ref name="GmbH 2019">{{cite web | last=GmbH | first=Next Kraftwerke | title=The Grid Code: Rules for the power network | website=Virtual Power Plant &#124; Power Trader &#124; Aggregator | date=2019-02-13 | url=https://www.next-kraftwerke.com/knowledge/what-is-the-grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>
The grid code is specified by an authority responsible for the system integrity and network operation. 
Its elaboration usually implicates network operators (distribution or [transmission system operator](/source/transmission_system_operator)s), representatives of users and, to an extent varying between countries, the regulating body.<ref name="National Grid ESO 2018">{{cite web | title=Grid Code | website=National Grid ESO | date=2018-10-17 | url=https://www.nationalgrideso.com/codes/grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>

Contents of a grid code vary depending on the transmission company's requirements. Typically, a grid code will specify the required behavior of a connected generator during system disturbances. These include [voltage regulation](/source/voltage_regulation), [power factor](/source/power_factor) limits and [reactive power](/source/reactive_power) supply, response to a system fault (e.g. [short-circuit](/source/short-circuit)), response to frequency changes on the grid, and requirement to "[ride through](/source/low-voltage_ride-through)" short interruptions of the connection.

There is not a common grid code in all countries and each electric grid has its own grid code. Even in [North America](/source/North_America), there is no grid code that applies to all territories.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019"/>

==Independent power producers==
All generators including [Independent power producer](/source/Independent_power_producer)s like [photovoltaic power station](/source/photovoltaic_power_station)s<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |title=Solar Energy Plants Grid Connection Code |access-date=2019-07-04 |archive-date=2020-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119090607/http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> or [wind farm](/source/wind_farm)s<ref name="IEEE Conference Publication 2019">{{cite book | chapter=An Improved Control Strategy for DFIG Low Voltage Ride-Through Using Optimal Demagnetizing method | date=2019-06-18 | doi=10.1109/PEDSTC.2019.8697267 | title=2019 10th International Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC) | pages=464–469 | last1=Harandi | first1=Mahdi Jafari | last2=Ghaseminejad Liasi | first2=Sahand | last3=Nikravesh | first3=Esmail | last4=Bina | first4=Mohammad Tavakoli | isbn=978-1-5386-9254-7 }}</ref> have to comply with the grid code.<ref>[http://eurosunmed.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/documents/grid_codes_for_renewable_energy_h._svendsen_sintef.pdf Grid codes for renewable energy integration]</ref>

==Categorizing==
Grid code requirements can be divided into two categories: static and dynamic requirements.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019">{{cite web | title=ABB Conversations > Standards and grid codes – the latest developments and trends | website=ABB Conversations | date=2019-07-04 | url=https://www.abb-conversations.com/2016/10/standards-and-grid-codes-the-latest-developments-and-trends/ | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [Smart grid](/source/Smart_grid)
* [RISSP](/source/RISSP)

==References==
<References/>
==External links==
* [http://cercind.gov.in/2010/ORDER/February2010/IEGC_Review_Proposal.pdf Indian grid code]
* [https://www.terna.it/en/electric-system/grid-codes/italian-grid-code Italian grid code (for direct connections to TSO)]
* [https://www.ceinorme.it/doc/norme/016021_2019/0-16_2019.pdf Italian grid code (for connections to DSOs)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100214010602/http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/Codes/gridcode/gridcodedocs/ UK grid codes]
* [https://www.dnvgl.com/GridCodeListing.pdf International Grid Code Listing]

{{Electricity delivery}}

Category:Electric power transmission
Category:Regulation of technologies

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Grid code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_code) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_code?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.