# Greenfinch > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Greenfinch > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Greenfinch.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfinch > Source revision: 1298124902 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Genus of birds}} {{other uses}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Chloris chloris (profile).jpg | image_caption = male [European greenfinch](/source/European_greenfinch) (''Chloris chloris'') | taxon = Chloris | authority = [Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier), 1800 | type_species = ''[Loxia chloris](/source/European_greenfinch)''{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=196 |title= Fringillidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}} | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = ''Chloris'' Cuvier, 1800 (but see text)
''Chloris'' C.L.Brehm, 1856 (''non'' Cuvier, 1800: preoccupied)
''Chloris'' A.E.Brehm, 1857 (''non'' Cuvier, 1800: preoccupied) }} The '''greenfinches''' are small [passerine](/source/passerine) birds in the [genus](/source/genus) '''''Chloris''''' in the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Carduelinae](/source/Carduelinae) within the [Fringillidae](/source/Fringillidae). The species have a [Eurasian](/source/Eurasian) distribution except for the [European greenfinch](/source/European_greenfinch), which also occurs in North Africa. These finches all have large conical bills and yellow patches on the wing feathers. The greenfinches were formerly placed in the genus ''[Carduelis](/source/Carduelis)''. [Molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) studies showed that the greenfinches form a [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic) group that is not closely related to the species in ''Carduelis'' and instead is sister to a clade containing the [desert finch](/source/desert_finch) (''Rhodospiza obsoleta'') and the [Socotra golden-winged grosbeak](/source/Socotra_golden-winged_grosbeak) (''Rhynchostruthus socotranus'').{{cite journal | last1=Zuccon | first1=Dario | last2=Prŷs-Jones | first2=Robert | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Pamela C. | last4=Ericson | first4=Per G.P. | year=2012 | title=The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=581–596 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 | url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | pmid=22023825 | bibcode=2012MolPE..62..581Z | access-date=2017-10-23 | archive-date=2018-09-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130508/http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | url-status=dead }} The greenfinches were therefore moved to the resurrected genus ''Chloris'' which had originally been introduced by the French naturalist [Georges Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier) in 1800 with the [European greenfinch](/source/European_greenfinch) as the [type species](/source/type_species).{{ cite book | last=Cuvier | first=Georges | author-link=Georges Cuvier | year=1800 | title=Leçons d'anatomie comparée | place=Paris | publisher=Baudouin | volume=1 | at=Table 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33516226 }} The year on the title page is ''An VIII''. The name is from [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) ''khloris'', the European greenfinch, from ''khloros'', "green".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 | url-access=limited | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n102 102] }} ==Extant species== The genus contains six species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Finches, euphonias | work= World Bird List Version 5.2| url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| accessdate=5 June 2015 }}{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-01-12|language=en-US}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution |- |120px || ''Chloris ambigua'' || [Black-headed greenfinch](/source/Black-headed_greenfinch) || Yunnan, northern Laos, eastern Myanmar and adjacent areas of Vietnam, Thailand and northeastern India |- |120px || ''Chloris chloris'' || [European greenfinch](/source/European_greenfinch) || Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia |- |120px || ''Chloris sinica'' || [Oriental greenfinch](/source/Oriental_greenfinch) || East Asia |- | || ''Chloris kittlitzi'' || [Bonin greenfinch](/source/Bonin_greenfinch){{Cite journal|last1=Saitoh|first1=Takema|last2=Kawakami|first2=Kazuto|last3=Red'kin|first3=Yaroslav A.|last4=Nishiumi|first4=Isao|last5=Kim|first5=Chang-Hoe|last6=Kryukov|first6=Alexey P.|date=2020-05-27|title=Cryptic Speciation of the Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica on Oceanic Islands|journal=Zoological Science|volume=37|issue=3|pages=280–294|doi=10.2108/zs190111|pmid=32549542|issn=0289-0003|doi-access=free}} || The Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |- |120px || ''Chloris monguilloti'' || [Vietnamese greenfinch](/source/Vietnamese_greenfinch) || southern Vietnam |- |120px || ''Chloris spinoides'' || [Yellow-breasted greenfinch](/source/Yellow-breasted_greenfinch) || Northern regions of the Indian subcontinent |- |} ==Fossil species== [[File:Carduelis aurelioi.jpg|upright|thumb|Restoration of the extinct ''[Chloris aurelioi](/source/Chloris_aurelioi)'', described September 23, 2010]] * [Trias greenfinch](/source/Trias_greenfinch) (''Chloris triasi'') - [Holocene](/source/Holocene) of [La Palma](/source/La_Palma), the [Canary Islands](/source/Canary_Islands), [Spain](/source/Spain) * [Slender-billed greenfinch](/source/Slender-billed_greenfinch) (''Chloris aurelioi'') - Holocene of [Tenerife](/source/Tenerife), the Canary Islands, Spain ==References== {{Commons category|Chloris (Fringillidae)}} {{Reflist}} {{Passeroidea|N.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q9189957}} Category:Chloris (bird) Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Greenfinch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfinch) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfinch?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.