# GrassMaster

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Sports playing field surface composed of natural grass combined with artificial fibres

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**GrassMaster** is a [hybrid grass](/source/Hybrid_grass) sports [playing field](/source/Playing_field) surface composed of natural [grass](/source/Grass) combined with [artificial fibres](/source/Artificial_turf). The method was developed and patented by Desso Sports from the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands) in 1993. This hybrid grass system is now marketed and further developed by Tarkett Sports after a takeover of Desso Sports and has since been re-branded as GrassMaster.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Technology

GrassMaster reinforces a natural grass pitch by vertically inserting 20 million [polypropylene](/source/Polypropylene) (PP) fibres into the soil equally spread over the entire playing field. The 20 cm (7.9 in) long PP fibres are injected by computer-controlled machines, 18 cm (7.1 in) deep so 2 cm (0.8 in) remains above the surface.[1] The PP fibres are inserted in a grid of about 2 cm × 2 cm (0.8 in × 0.8 in). The grass roots entwine with the fibres and grow deeper and wider.[2] The PP fibres above the surface are designed to ensure an even and stable surface. GrassMaster may be installed before seeding, after [seeding](/source/Sowing) or on grass [sods](/source/Sod).[3]

## Major installations

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Stadium Club Sport Country Bet365 Stadium Stoke City Association football England Ashton Gate Stadium Bristol City and Bristol Bears Association football and rugby union England Prenton Park Tranmere Rovers F.C. Association football England Villa Park Aston Villa Association football England St James’ Park Newcastle United Association football England Stamford Bridge Chelsea Association football England Elland Road Leeds United Association football England Hillsborough[4][5] Sheffield Wednesday Association football England Camp Nou FC Barcelona Association football Spain El Campín Stadium Millonarios F.C. and Independiente Santa Fe Association football Colombia Luminus Arena KRC Genk Association football Belgium San Siro Inter Milan and AC Milan Association football Italy Stade Marcel Picot AS Nancy Association football France King Abdullah Sports City Ittihad FC and Al-Ahli Saudi FC Association football Saudi Arabia Mapei Stadium US Sassuolo Calcio Association football Italy Goodison Park Everton Association football England Stade Marcel-Michelin ASM Clermont Auvergne Rugby union France CNFE Clairefontaine French Football Federation Association football France Anfield Liverpool Association football England Selhurst Park Crystal Palace Association football England Carrow Road Norwich City Association football England Parc des Princes Paris Saint-Germain Association football France Stade de Roudourou En Avant Guingamp Association football France Stade Louis II AS Monaco Association football Monaco Stade Océane Le Havre Association football France Stade de France[6] France Association football and other events France Stade Francis-Le Blé Stade Brestois 29 Association football France Stade Auguste-Delaune Stade de Reims Association football France Estádio Parque São Jorge Corinthians Association football Brazil Neo Química Arena Corinthians Association football Brazil Arena do Grêmio[7] Grêmio Association football Brazil King Power Stadium[8] Leicester City Association football England Twickenham Stadium Rugby Football Union Rugby union England Emirates Stadium[9] Arsenal Association football England Kirklees Stadium Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants Association football and rugby league England Celtic Park Celtic Association football Scotland Leigh Sports Village Leigh[10] Rugby league England City of Manchester Stadium Manchester City[11] Association football England Old Trafford[12] Manchester United Association football England Trafford Training Centre[13] Manchester United Association football England Adams Park Wycombe Wanderers (and formerly Wasps) Association football (and formerly rugby union) England Vicarage Road[14] Watford (and formerly Saracens) Association football (and formerly rugby union) England Wembley Stadium[15] England Association football and other events England Aviva Stadium Ireland national rugby union team and Republic of Ireland national football team Rugby union and association football Ireland Stadion Galgenwaard Utrecht Association football Netherlands Euroborg FC Groningen Association football Netherlands AFAS Stadion AZ Alkmaar Association football Netherlands Sportpark De Toekomst AFC Ajax Association football Netherlands Forsyth Barr Stadium[16] Highlanders Rugby union New Zealand Lerkendal Stadion Rosenborg Association football Norway Arena Khimki Khimki Association football Russia Mbombela Stadium 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa Association football South Africa Peter Mokaba Stadium 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa Association football South Africa Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and South Africa Sevens Association football and rugby sevens South Africa Lincoln Financial Field Philadelphia Eagles American football United States Lambeau Field Green Bay Packers American football United States Liberty Stadium[17] Swansea City and Ospreys Association football and rugby union Wales Millennium Stadium[18] Welsh Rugby Union Rugby union (also Welsh international association football) Wales Cardiff City Stadium[19] Cardiff City (and formerly Cardiff Blues) Association football (and formerly rugby union) Wales National Stadium, Singapore Singapore Rugby union and association football Singapore Rodney Parade Dragons Newport County Newport RFC Rugby union and association football Wales Volkswagen Arena VfL Wolfsburg Association football Germany Metalist Stadium Metalist Kharkiv Association football Ukraine Donbass Arena Shakhtar Donetsk Association football Ukraine Central City Stadium National Team of Kazakhstan Association football Kazakhstan Murrayfield Stadium Edinburgh Rugby and Scotland Rugby union Scotland Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi Hellas Verona and Chievo Verona Association football Italy Lokomotiv Stadium FC Lokomotiv Moscow Association football Russia Kazan Arena FC Rubin Kazan Association football Russia Estadio de la Cerámica Villareal CF Association football Spain Melbourne City Football Academy Melbourne City FC Association football Australia Ooredoo Training Centre Paris Saint-Germain Association football France St Georges Park National Football Centre FA Association football England Bramall Lane[20] Sheffield United Association football England Imam Reza Stadium Padideh F.C. Association football Iran Cairo International Stadium Egyptian national football team and Zamalek Association football Egypt El Sekka El Hadid Stadium El Sekka El Hadid SC Association football Egypt Tottenham Hotspur Stadium Tottenham Hotspur Association football England Misr Stadium Egypt Association football Egypt Vodafone Park Beşiktaş J.K. Association football Turkey Bashundhara Kings Arena Bashundhara Kings Association football Bangladesh Darius and Girėnas Stadium FK Kauno Žalgiris Lithuania national football team Association football Lithuania Brisbane Road Leyton Orient Association football England The Valley Charlton Athletic Association football England Mandela National Stadium Uganda Association football and other events Uganda

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Oldenkotte, Guy (2 September 2020). ["Hybrid fields discussed – By Guy Oldenkotte"](https://sportsfields.info/hybrid-fields/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221209231051/https://sportsfields.info/hybrid-fields/) from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Anderson, F. D.; Fleming, P.; Sherratt, P.; Severn, K. (1 January 2016). ["Design and Development of a Novel Natural Turf Shear Stability Tester"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2016.06.293). *Procedia Engineering*. **147**: 842–847. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.293](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2016.06.293). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1877-7058](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1877-7058).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Home – GrassMaster Solutions"](https://grassmastersolutions.com/en). *grassmastersolutions.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190403195702/https://www.grassmastersolutions.com/en) from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Sheffield Wednesday: Work continues on Desso pitch"](https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/owls/sheffield-wednesday-work-continues-on-desso-pitch-1-7279480). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190423200620/https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/owls/sheffield-wednesday-work-continues-on-desso-pitch-1-7279480) from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["VIDEO: Sheffield Wednesday on track with new state-of-the-art pitch"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190423200916/https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-wednesday/latest-owls-news/video-sheffield-wednesday-on-track-with-new-state-of-the-art-pitch-1-7258862). Archived from [the original](https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-wednesday/latest-owls-news/video-sheffield-wednesday-on-track-with-new-state-of-the-art-pitch-1-7258862) on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Le Stade de France choisit Tarkett Sports et sa technologie Desso GrassMaster"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160810041815/http://www.dessosports.com/fr/nouvelles/le-stade-de-france-choisit-tarkett-sports-et-sa-technologie-desso-grassmaster). *dessosports*. Paris. Archived from [the original](http://www.dessosports.com/fr/nouvelles/le-stade-de-france-choisit-tarkett-sports-et-sa-technologie-desso-grassmaster) on 2016-08-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["High-tech hybrid grass for Grêmio Arena"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130606193245/http://www.dessosports.com/sports/football/football-projects/gremio-brazil). *GFPA*. Porto Alegre (RS,Brazil). Archived from [the original](http://www.dessosports.com/sports/football/football-projects/gremio-brazil) on 2013-06-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Pitch Refurbishment Underway"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110530043554/http://www.lcfc.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10274~2367973,00.html). *LCFC*. Leicester. Archived from [the original](http://www.lcfc.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10274~2367973,00.html) on 2011-05-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["How Arsenal have put Wembley in the shade"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100923040127/http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/sport/surfacetension.pdf) (PDF). *The Times*. London. Archived from [the original](http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/sport/surfacetension.pdf) (PDF) on 2010-09-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["LSV beats the big freeze!"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110819231615/http://leighsportsvillage.co.uk/news_detail_from_leigh_sports_village.php?news_id=199). Archived from [the original](http://leighsportsvillage.co.uk/news_detail_from_leigh_sports_village.php?news_id=199) on August 19, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Manchester City inaugurates brand new stadium"](http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=106750). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120207164523/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=106750) from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Parsons, Tom (5 June 2013). ["Pitch battle prompts Manchester United to switch to new surface"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070943/http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/europe/12657-pitch-battle-prompts-manchester-united-to-switch-to-new-surface). Inside World Football. Archived from [the original](http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/europe/12657-pitch-battle-prompts-manchester-united-to-switch-to-new-surface) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Louis van Gaal: New Manchester United manager orders club to rip up training ground pitches before his arrival"](https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/louis-van-gaal-new-manchester-united-manager-orders-club-to-rip-up-training-ground-pitches-before-9506510.html). *[The Independent](/source/The_Independent)*. 7 June 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160331183537/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/louis-van-gaal-new-manchester-united-manager-orders-club-to-rip-up-training-ground-pitches-before-9506510.html) from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Pitch relay news Desso is go"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120712145415/http://www.watfordfc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10400~2839021,00.html). *WatfordFC.com*. London. Archived from [the original](http://www.watfordfc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10400~2839021,00.html) on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["The Wembley pitch"](http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/Wembley/NewsandFeatures/2011/Desso-Installed). *FATV*. London. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20131216063934/http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/Wembley/NewsandFeatures/2011/Desso-Installed) from the original on 2013-12-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Dunedin's hi-tech stadium open for business"](http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/dunedin-s-hi-tech-stadium-open-business-4339941). *tvnz*. New Zealand. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120111120249/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/dunedin-s-hi-tech-stadium-open-business-4339941) from the original on 2012-01-11.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Liberty Stadium Pitch - Official Stadium Website"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110809141325/http://www.liberty-stadium.com/liberty_stadium_intro_pitch.php). Archived from [the original](http://www.liberty-stadium.com/liberty_stadium_intro_pitch.php) on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2009-05-29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Millennium Stadium to have new hybrid playing surface"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/27546326). *BBC Sport*. 23 May 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181026075103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/27546326) from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Cardiff City Stadium, Home of Cardiff City FC"](https://cardiffcitystadium.co.uk/?view=article&catid=8%3Anews&id=107%3Amarch-go-desso&option=com_content&Itemid=48). *cardiffcitystadium.co.uk*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190403220007/https://cardiffcitystadium.co.uk/?view=article&catid=8%3Anews&id=107%3Amarch-go-desso&option=com_content&Itemid=48) from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["A new pitch for the Blades"](http://www.sufc.co.uk/news/article/sheffield-united-bramall-lane-2459910.aspx). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123308/http://www.sufc.co.uk/news/article/sheffield-united-bramall-lane-2459910.aspx) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2019.

## External links

- [Official website](https://grassmastersolutions.com)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [GrassMaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrassMaster) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrassMaster?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.