# Gospel of Matthew

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Gospel_of_Matthew
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Gospel_of_Matthew.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew
> Source revision: 1356394383
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Book of the New Testament

For the film, see [*The Gospel According to St. Matthew* (film)](/source/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)).

Gospel of Matthew Gospel of Mark → Matthew 21:34–37 on Papyrus 104 (recto; c. AD 150) Information Religion Christianity Author Traditionally Matthew the Apostle Language Koinē Greek Period 80-90 AD Chapters 28 Verses 1071 Full text Gospel of Matthew at Greek Wikisource Gospel of Matthew at English Wikisource [1]

The **Gospel of Matthew**[a] is the first book of the [New Testament](/source/New_Testament) and one of the three [synoptic Gospels](/source/Synoptic_Gospels). It tells the story of who the author believes is Israel's [messiah](/source/Messiah) ([Christ](/source/Christ_(title))), [Jesus](/source/Jesus), [his resurrection](/source/Resurrection_of_Jesus), and his [mission to the world.](/source/Great_Commission)[4] The Gospel of Matthew presents Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish prophecy.

Matthew wishes to emphasize that the [Jewish tradition](/source/Jewish_Christianity) should not be lost in an increasingly [gentile](/source/Gentile) church.[5][6] The gospel reflects conflicts between [Jewish Christians](/source/Jewish_Christians) and other Jews, particularly with its criticism of the scribes and [Pharisees](/source/Pharisees),[7] presenting the view that the [Kingdom of Heaven](/source/Kingdom_of_God_(Christianity)) has been taken away from them and given to the church.[8] It emphasizes Jesus’s role as the [Son of David](/source/Davidic_line), [Son of Man](/source/Son_of_man), and [Son of God](/source/Son_of_God_(Christianity)), and frames his teachings, miracles, and parables to reflect both [Jewish law](/source/Torah) and the Christian church. Structured around alternating narratives and discourses—including the [Sermon on the Mount](/source/Sermon_on_the_Mount), [parables](/source/Parable), and instructions for discipleship—it culminates in the [Passion](/source/Passion_of_Jesus), [Resurrection](/source/Resurrection_of_Jesus), and the [Great Commission](/source/Great_Commission).

The gospel was written in the last quarter of the first century by an anonymous Jew familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture, though the traditional attribution still has conservative defenders.[9][10][11] Widely popular in the early church, it was likely used as a source by the author of the [Gospel of John](/source/Gospel_of_John) (traditionally attributed to "[the beloved disciple](/source/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved)").[12] It is possible the gospel incorporates a source written by the disciple.[11][13][10] Most scholars believe Matthew used the [Gospel of Mark](/source/Gospel_of_Mark) and the [Q source](/source/Q_source),[14][15] though alternative hypotheses that posit use of Matthew by [Luke](/source/Gospel_of_Luke) or vice versa are growing.[16][17] The Synoptics follow Mark closely compared to other ancient historians’ usage of sources, though the parallels and variations are typical of ancient historical biographies.[18] The text is the product of the second generation of the Christian movement, although it draws on the memory of the first generation of the [disciples of Jesus](/source/Disciple_(Christianity)).[19][20]

## Composition

### Author and date

Papyrus [𝔓4](/source/Papyrus_4), fragment of a flyleaf with the title of the Gospel of Matthew, ευαγγελιον κ̣ατ̣α μαθ᾽θαιον, *euangelion kata Maththaion*. Dated to late 2nd or early 3rd century, it is the earliest manuscript title for Matthew.

According to church tradition originating with [Papias of Hierapolis](/source/Papias_of_Hierapolis) (c. 60–130 AD),[21] it was written by [Matthew](/source/Matthew_the_Apostle), the companion of Jesus, but the large majority view the gospel as an anonymous composition, as was common for *bios*; biographies by [Plutarch](/source/Plutarch) and [Suetonius](/source/Suetonius) were originally anonymous as well,[10][9][22] though the "traditional authorship still has its defenders."[23] It is possible that the gospel incorporates a lost prior source attributable to Matthew.[13][24][11] Regardless, the gospel was attributed to Matthew very early,[11] and was highly popular in the early church, and most scholars today argue that the [Gospel of John](/source/Gospel_of_John), often attributed to the beloved disciple, used it and the other Synoptics as a source.[25][12][26][27] Most scholars hold that it was written in the last quarter of the first century by a male Jew who stood on the margin between traditional and nontraditional Jewish values and who was familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture being debated in his time.[28][29][b] Other scholars, such as [N. T. Wright](/source/N._T._Wright)[30] and [John Wenham](/source/John_Wenham),[31] hold there are problems with dating Matthew late in the first century, and argue that it was written in the 40s–50s AD.[c] According to Bas van Os, the lifetime of various eyewitnesses that includes Jesus's own family through the end of the [First Century](/source/First_Century) is likely.[32] [Markus Bockmuehl](/source/Markus_Bockmuehl) finds this structure of lifetime memory in various early Christian traditions.[33]

Mark was the [first gospel to be composed](/source/Marcan_priority) and was later used by Matthew.[15][34] The author used Mark as a base, emphasizing [Jesus](/source/Jesus)'s place in the Jewish tradition and including details not found in Mark.[35] Luke and Matthew treat their sources more conservatively than other ancient historians like [Diodorus Siculus](/source/Diodorus_Siculus), though the parallels and variations of the Synoptic gospels are typical of ancient historical biographies.[36][37]

This does not necessarily show a linear approach of continual development and addition only, as some of what [Paul the Apostle](/source/Paul_the_Apostle) says is more similar to Matthew's details.[38][39] Matthew could have depended on Mark through oral tradition or used memorization rather than simply copying.[40][41] Alan Kirk praises Matthew for his "scribal memory competence" and "his high esteem for and careful handling of both Mark and Q", which makes claims the latter two works are significantly different in terms of theology or historical reliability dubious.[42][43]

Matthew has 600 verses in common with Mark, which is a book of only 661 verses. There are approximately 220 verses shared by Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark. While the [Two-source hypothesis](/source/Two-source_hypothesis) considers this to be drawn from a hypothetical [Q source](/source/Q_source),[44][45][14][34] a growing number of scholars support alternative hypotheses, such as the [Farrer hypothesis](/source/Farrer_hypothesis) and the [Matthean Posteriority hypothesis](/source/Matthean_Posteriority_hypothesis), which argue for Luke's direct usage of Matthew and Matthew's dependence on Luke, respectively, and dispense with Q,[16][46] and a unified M source is largely rejected by scholarship today.[34][47][48] [Michael Goulder](/source/Michael_Goulder) argued that non-Markan material in Matthew were mostly authorial creations, but modern advocates of the Farrer hypothesis have abandoned this idea.[49] The author also had the Greek scriptures at his disposal, both as book-scrolls (Greek translations of [Isaiah](/source/Book_of_Isaiah), the [Psalms](/source/Psalms) etc.), "testimony collections", and the oral stories of his community.[50] Many of the quotations of the scriptures in Matthew are more closely matched with the [Masoretic](/source/Masoretic),[51] leading many scholars to believe that the author could understand [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew).[52]

### Setting

Most scholars view the gospel of Matthew as a work of the second generation of Christians, though it draws on the memory of the first generation of Jesus's disciples.[53] For these early Christians the defining event was the [destruction of Jerusalem](/source/Destruction_of_Jerusalem) and the [Temple](/source/Second_Temple) by the Romans in 70 AD in the course of the [First Jewish–Roman War](/source/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War) (66–73 AD); from this point on, what had begun with Jesus of Nazareth as a Jewish [messianic](/source/Messiah) movement became an increasingly gentile phenomenon which would evolve in time into a separate religion.[20] The author appears to have written for a community of Greek-speaking Jewish Christians located probably in Syria; [Antioch](/source/Antioch), the largest city in Roman Syria and the third largest city in the empire, is often proposed.[54] Alternatively, towns in [Galilee](/source/Galilee) such as [Sepphoris](/source/Sepphoris) or [Tiberias](/source/Tiberias), or adjacent regions such as [Transjordan](/source/Transjordan_(region)), could also fit.[55] Other scholars hold that the [historical Jesus](/source/Historical_Jesus) had already predicted that the Jerusalem Temple would be destroyed.[56]

The community to which Matthew belonged, like many 1st-century Christians, was still part of the larger Jewish community.[57] The relationship of Matthew to this wider world of Judaism remains a subject of study and contention, the principal question being to what extent, if any, Matthew's community had cut itself off from its Jewish roots.[58] It is evident from the gospel that there was conflict between Matthew's group and other Jewish groups, and it is generally agreed that the root of the conflict was the Matthew community's belief in Jesus as the Messiah and authoritative interpreter of the law, as one risen from the dead and uniquely endowed with divine authority.[59]

The divine nature of Jesus was a major issue for the Matthaean community, the crucial element separating the [early Christians](/source/Early_Christians) from their Jewish neighbors; while Mark begins with [Jesus's baptism](/source/Baptism_of_Jesus) and [temptations](/source/Temptations_of_Christ), Matthew goes back to Jesus's origins, showing him as the [Son of God](/source/Son_of_God_(Christianity)) from his birth, the supposed fulfillment of [messianic prophecies](/source/Christian_messianic_prophecies) of the [Old Testament](/source/Old_Testament).[60] The title [Son of David](/source/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament#Son_of_David), used exclusively in relation to miracles, identifies Jesus as the healing and miracle-working Messiah sent to Israel alone; the reason for disregarding the gentiles and [Samaritans](/source/Samaritans) is not due to prejudice but the immediate needs of God’s people: Israel.[61][62] As [Son of Man](/source/Son_of_Man) he will return to judge the world, an expectation which his disciples recognize but of which his enemies are unaware.[63] As [Son of God](/source/Son_of_God), God is revealing himself through his son, and Jesus proving his sonship through his obedience and example.[64]

Unlike Mark, Matthew never bothers to explain Jewish customs, since his intended audience was a Jewish one; unlike Luke, who traces Jesus's ancestry back to Adam, father of the human race, he traces it only to Abraham, father of the Jews. Writing from within a Jewish-Christian community growing increasingly distant from other Jews and becoming increasingly gentile in its membership and outlook, Matthew put down in his gospel his vision "of an assembly or church in which both Jew and Gentile would flourish together".[65]

## Structure and content

### Structure: narrative and discourses

Matthew alternates five blocks of narrative with five of discourse, marking each off with the phrase "When Jesus had finished"[66]. Some scholars see in this a deliberate plan to create a parallel to the first five books of the Old Testament; others see a three-part structure based around the idea of Jesus as [Messiah](/source/Messiah), a set of weekly readings spread out over the year, or no plan at all.[67] Davies and Allison, in their widely used commentary, draw attention to the use of "triads" (the gospel groups things in threes),[68] and [R. T. France](/source/Richard_Thomas_France), in another influential commentary, notes the geographic movement from [Galilee](/source/Galilee) to Jerusalem and back, with the post-resurrection appearances in Galilee as the culmination of the whole story.[69] An 'eleven' sectioned structure is also recognized, where the sections alternate between narrative and teachings in a 1,2,3,4,5,C,5',4',3',2',1' arrangement (and the parables of the Kingdom take central place). In this reading, the sections comprise 'fourteens' of units of text, where in the first and last units of the gospel the writer provides these numbers, 'threes', 'fourteens' and 'eleven', as a reading check.[70]

### Prologue: genealogy, Nativity and infancy ([Matthew 1–2](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1–2&version=nrsvue))

Main articles: [Genealogy of Jesus](/source/Genealogy_of_Jesus) and [Nativity of Jesus](/source/Nativity_of_Jesus)

The Gospel of Matthew begins with the words "The Book of Genealogy [in Greek, 'Genesis'] of Jesus Christ", deliberately echoing the words of [Genesis 2:4](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2:4&version=nrsvue) in the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint).[d] The genealogy tells of Jesus's descent from [Abraham](/source/Abraham) and [King David](/source/King_David) and the miraculous events surrounding [his virgin birth](/source/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus),[e] and the infancy narrative tells of the [massacre of the innocents](/source/Massacre_of_the_Innocents), the [flight into Egypt](/source/Flight_into_Egypt), and eventual journey to [Nazareth](/source/Nazareth).

### First narrative and Sermon on the Mount ([Matthew 3:1–8:1](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3:1–8:1&version=nrsvue))

Main articles: [Baptism of Jesus](/source/Baptism_of_Jesus) and [Sermon on the Mount](/source/Sermon_on_the_Mount)

Following the genealogy and nativity of Jesus, the first narrative section begins. [John the Baptist](/source/John_the_Baptist) baptizes Jesus, and the Holy Spirit descends upon him. Jesus prays in the wilderness for forty days and is tempted by [Satan](/source/Satan). His early ministry in Galilee meets with much success, and leads to the [Sermon on the Mount](/source/Sermon_on_the_Mount), the first of the discourses. The sermon presents the ethics of the [kingdom of God](/source/Kingdom_of_God), introduced by the [Beatitudes](/source/Beatitudes) ("Blessed are..."). It concludes with a reminder that the response to the kingdom will have eternal consequences, and the crowd's amazed response leads into the next narrative block.[71]

### Second narrative and discourse ([Matthew 8:2–11:1](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+8:2–11:1&version=nrsvue))

From the authoritative words of Jesus, the gospel turns to three sets of three [miracles](/source/Miracles_of_Jesus) interwoven with two sets of two [discipleship](/source/Disciples_of_Jesus) stories (the second narrative), followed by a discourse on mission and suffering.[72] Jesus commissions the [Twelve Disciples](/source/Twelve_Disciples) and sends them to preach to the Jews, perform miracles, and prophesy the coming of the Kingdom, commanding them to travel without staff or sandals.[73]

### Third narrative and discourse ([Matthew 11:2–13:53](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+11:2–13:53&version=nrsvue))

Opposition to Jesus comes to a head with an accusation by the Pharisees that his deeds are done through Satan.[74] Jesus in turn accuses his opponents of [blaspheming](/source/Blasphemy) the Holy Spirit. The discourse is a set of [parables](/source/Parables_of_Jesus) emphasizing the sovereignty of God, and concluding with a challenge to the disciples to understand the teachings as scribes of the [Kingdom of Heaven](/source/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)).[75] (Matthew avoids using the [holy word God](/source/Names_of_God_in_Judaism) in the expression "Kingdom of God"; instead he prefers the term "Kingdom of Heaven", reflecting the Jewish tradition of not speaking the name of God).[76]

### Fourth narrative and discourse ([Matthew 13:54–19:1](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+13:54–19:1&version=nrsvue))

See also: [Confession of Peter](/source/Confession_of_Peter)

The fourth narrative section reveals that the increasing opposition to Jesus will result in [his crucifixion](/source/Crucifixion_of_Jesus) in Jerusalem, and that his disciples must therefore prepare for his absence.[77] The instructions for the post-crucifixion church emphasize responsibility and humility. This section contains the two [feedings of the multitude](/source/Feeding_of_the_multitude) ([Matthew 14:13–21](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+14:13–21&version=nrsvue) and [15:32–39](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+15:32–39&version=nrsvue)) along with the narrative in which Simon, newly renamed Peter (Πέτρος, *Petros*, 'stone'), calls Jesus "the Christ, the son of the living God", and Jesus states that on this "bedrock" (πέτρα, *petra*) he will build his [church](/source/Christian_Church) ([Matthew 16:13–19](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16:13–19&version=nrsvue)).

### Fifth narrative and discourse (Matthew 19:2–26:1)

Main article: [Second Coming](/source/Second_Coming)

Jesus travels toward Jerusalem, and the opposition intensifies: he is tested by the Pharisees as soon as he begins to move toward the city, and when he arrives he is soon in conflict with the Temple's traders and religious leaders. He teaches in the Temple, debating with the chief priests and religious leaders and speaking in parables about the Kingdom of God and the failings of the chief priests and the Pharisees. The [Herodian](/source/Herodians) caucus also becomes involved in a scheme to entangle Jesus,[78] but Jesus's careful response to their enquiry, "Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's", leaves them marveling at his words.[79]

The disciples ask about the future, and in his final discourse Jesus speaks of the coming end, predicting false Messiahs, earthquakes, and persecutions before all the prophecies are fulfilled.[80][73] The disciples must steel themselves for ministry to all the nations. At the end of the discourse, Matthew notes that Jesus has finished all his words, and attention turns to the crucifixion.[80]

### Conclusion: Passion, Resurrection and Great Commission ([Matthew 26:2–28:20](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26:2–28:20&version=nrsvue))

The events of Jesus's last week occupy a third of the content of all four gospels.[81] Jesus [enters Jerusalem in triumph](/source/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem) and drives the money changers from the Temple, holds a [Last Supper](/source/Last_Supper), prays to be spared the coming agony (but concludes "if this cup may not pass away from me, except I drink it, thy will be done"), and is betrayed. He is tried by the [Sanhedrin](/source/Sanhedrin) and before [Pontius Pilate](/source/Pontius_Pilate), and Pilate washes his hands to indicate that he does not assume responsibility. Jesus is crucified as king of the Jews, [mocked](/source/Mocking_of_Jesus) by all. On his death there is an earthquake, the veil of the Temple is rent, and saints rise from their tombs. [Mary Magdalene](/source/Mary_Magdalene) and [another Mary](/source/Mary%2C_the_mother_of_James) discover the empty tomb, guarded by an [angel](/source/Angel), and Jesus himself tells them to tell the disciples to meet him in Galilee.

After the resurrection the remaining disciples return to Galilee, where Jesus tells them that he has been given "all authority in heaven and on Earth." He gives the Great Commission: "Therefore go and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you". Jesus will be with them "to the very end of the age".[82]

## Theology

### Christology

[Christology](/source/Christology) is the theological doctrine of Christ, "the affirmations and definitions of Christ's humanity and deity".[83] There are a variety of Christologies in the New Testament, albeit with a single centre—Jesus is the figure in whom God has acted for the salvation of humankind.[84]

Recent scholarship focuses on explaining the gospels' relationship in terms of ancient compositional practices and comparisons with other ancient historical biographers over older redaction-critical concerns.[85] According to [Christopher Tuckett](/source/Christopher_M._Tuckett), Matthew has taken key Christological texts from Mark, but has sometimes changed the stories found in Mark, giving evidence of his own concerns.[86] James Barker argues that older scholarship has exaggerated the importance of the evangelists’ theological aims, with ancient rhetoric explaining many differences in the gospels instead.[87] The title [Son of David](/source/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament#Son_of_David) identifies Jesus as the healing and miracle-working Messiah of Israel (it is used exclusively in relation to miracles), and the Jewish messiah is sent to Israel alone.[61] As [Son of Man](/source/Son_of_Man) he will return to judge the world, a fact his disciples recognize but of which his enemies are unaware.[63] As [Son of God](/source/Son_of_God) he is named [Immanuel](/source/Immanuel) ('God with us'),[88] God revealing himself through his son, and Jesus proving his sonship through his obedience and example.[64]

### Relationship with the Jews

Matthew's prime concern was that the Jewish tradition should not be lost in a church that was increasingly becoming gentile.[5] This concern lies behind the frequent citations of Jewish scripture, the evocation of Jesus as the new Moses along with other events from Jewish history, and the concern to present Jesus as fulfilling, not destroying, the Law.[89] Matthew must have been aware of the tendency to distort Paul's teaching of the law no longer having power over the New Testament Christian into [antinomianism](/source/Antinomianism), and addressed Christ's fulfilling of what the Israelites expected from the "Law and the Prophets" in an eschatological sense, in that he was all that the Old Testament had predicted in the Messiah.[90]

The gospel has been interpreted as reflecting the struggles and conflicts between the evangelist's community and the other Jews, particularly with its sharp criticism of the scribes and Pharisees.[7] It tells how Israel's [Messiah](/source/Messiah), rejected and executed in Israel, pronounces judgment on Israel and its leaders and becomes the salvation of the [gentiles](/source/Gentile).[91] Prior to the crucifixion of Jesus, the Jews are referred to as [Israelites](/source/Israelites)—the honorific title of God's chosen people. After it, they are called *[Ioudaios](/source/Ioudaios)* (Jews), a sign that—due to their rejection of the Christ—the "[Kingdom of Heaven](/source/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew))" has been taken away from them and given instead to the church.[8]

## Comparison with other writings

See also: [Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew](/source/Gospel_of_Pseudo-Matthew)

### Christological development

The divine nature of Jesus was a major issue for the community of Matthew, the crucial element marking them from their Jewish neighbors. Early understandings of this nature grew as the gospels were being written. Before the gospels, that understanding was focused on the revelation of Jesus as God in his resurrection, but the gospels reflect a broadened focus extended backwards in time.[60]

### Mark

According to Beaton, Matthew is a creative reinterpretation of Mark.[92] [Mark Goodacre](/source/Mark_Goodacre) writes that Matthew does not “vanquish or supplant” Mark but understands his predecessor correctly in key ways.[93] Michael Barber argues that Matthew provides a plausible portrayal of Jesus, while [Dale Allison](/source/Dale_Allison) finds Matthean interpretation and redaction of Mark as a path instead of an obscurement of the [Historical Jesus](/source/Historical_Jesus).[94] Matthew stresses Jesus's teachings as much as his acts,[95] and makes subtle changes in order to stress his divine nature: for example, Mark's "young man" who appears at Jesus's tomb becomes "a radiant angel" in Matthew.[96] The miracle stories in Mark do not demonstrate the divinity of Jesus, but rather confirm his status as an emissary of God (which was Mark's understanding of the Messiah).[97]

### Chronology

There is a disagreement over chronology between the [Synoptics](/source/Synoptic_Gospels) and John: Matthew, Mark and Luke feature one trip to Jerusalem at the end of Jesus’ ministry, where there is an [incident in the Temple](/source/Cleansing_of_the_Temple), climaxing with the crucifixion on the day of the [Passover](/source/Passover) holiday. [John](/source/Gospel_of_John) puts the Temple incident early in Jesus's ministry, has several trips to Jerusalem, and puts the crucifixion before the Passover, on the day when the lambs for the Passover meal were being sacrificed.[98][99] Dale Allison is inclined to favor John’s chronology, though with caution,[99][100] while [Sanders](/source/E._P._Sanders) defends the shorter Synoptic timeline.[101] However, there are also verses such as [Mark 14:49](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+14:49&version=nrsvue) and [Matthew 23:37](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23:37&version=nrsvue) that are often viewed as hints of a longer ministry.[99] Ancient writing practices involved such chronological displacement and changes, with even reliable biographers including [Plutarch](/source/Plutarch) displaying them.[102]

### Canonical positioning

The early patristic scholars regarded Matthew as the earliest of the gospels and placed it first in the canon, and the early Church mostly quoted from Matthew, secondarily from John, and only distantly from Mark.[103]

## See also

- [Authorship of the Bible](/source/Authorship_of_the_Bible)

- [Gospel of the Ebionites](/source/Gospel_of_the_Ebionites)

- [Gospel of the Hebrews](/source/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews)

- [Gospel of the Nazarenes](/source/Gospel_of_the_Nazarenes)

- [Hebrew Gospel hypothesis](/source/Hebrew_Gospel_hypothesis)

- *[The Visual Bible: Matthew](/source/The_Visual_Bible%3A_Matthew)*

- *[Il vangelo secondo Matteo](/source/Il_vangelo_secondo_Matteo)*, a film by [Pier Paolo Pasolini](/source/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini)

- [Jewish–Christian gospels](/source/Jewish%E2%80%93Christian_gospels)

- [List of omitted Bible verses](/source/List_of_omitted_Bible_verses)

- [List of Gospels](/source/List_of_Gospels)

- [Sermon on the Mount](/source/Sermon_on_the_Mount)

- *[St Matthew Passion](/source/St_Matthew_Passion)* – an oratorio by [J. S. Bach](/source/J._S._Bach)

- [Textual variants in the Gospel of Matthew](/source/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Matthew)

- [Shem Tob's Hebrew Gospel of Matthew](/source/Shem_Tob's_Hebrew_Gospel_of_Matthew)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** The book is sometimes called the **Gospel according to Matthew** ([Greek](/source/Greek_language): Κατὰ Ματθαῖον/Μαθθαῖον Εὐαγγέλιον, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Greek): *Katà Mat(h)thaîon Euangélion*), or simply **Matthew**.[2] It is most commonly abbreviated as "Matt."[3]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** This view is based on three arguments: (a) the setting reflects the final separation of Church and Synagogue, about 85 AD; (b) it reflects the capture of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple by the Romans in 70 AD; (c) it uses Mark, usually dated around 70 AD, as a source. (See [R. T. France (2007), *The Gospel of Matthew*, p. 18](https://books.google.com/books?id=0ruP6J_XPCEC&pg=PA18).) France himself is not convinced by the majority—see his Commentary, pp. 18–19. Allison adds that "Ignatius of Antioch, the Didache, and Papias—all from the first part of the second century—show knowledge of Matthew, which accordingly must have been composed before 100 CE. (See e.g. Ign., Smyrn. 1; Did. 8.2.)" See Dale Allison, "Matthew" in Muddiman and Barton's The Gospels (Oxford Bible Commentary), Oxford 2010, p. 27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Wenham holds that later dates are based on (a) a belief that the apocalyptic passages in the Synoptics refer to past events rather than future; and (b) a misreading of Irenaeus as claiming that Matthew wrote after Peter and Paul preached in Rome.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-74)** France, p. 26 note 1, and p. 28: "The first two words of Matthew's gospel are literally "book of genesis".

1. **[^](#cite_ref-75)** France, p. 28 note 7: "All MSS and versions agree in making it explicit that Joseph was not Jesus' father, with the one exception of sys, which reads "Joseph, to whom was betrothed Mary the virgin, begot Jesus."

## References

### Citations

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Jongkind, Dirk (13 January 2015). ["What is the Oldest Manuscript of the New Testament?"](https://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/2015/01/what-is-oldest-manuscript-of-new.html). *Evangelical Textual Criticism*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250517043441/https://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/2015/01/what-is-oldest-manuscript-of-new.html) from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 17 May 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*ESV Pew Bible*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ). Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 807. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4335-6343-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ) from the original on 3 June 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Bible Book Abbreviations"](https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations). *Logos Bible Software*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations) from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz2005b233–34_5-0)** [Luz 2005b](#CITEREFLuz2005b), pp. 233–34.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesAllison1997722_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesAllison1997722_6-1) [Davies & Allison 1997](#CITEREFDaviesAllison1997), p. 722.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorkey202284_7-0)** [Storkey 2022](#CITEREFStorkey2022), p. 84.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002182_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002182_8-1) [Burkett 2002](#CITEREFBurkett2002), p. 182.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrecker2000369–70_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrecker2000369–70_9-1) [Strecker 2000](#CITEREFStrecker2000), pp. 369–70.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002174_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002174_10-1) [Burkett 2002](#CITEREFBurkett2002), p. 174.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010301–02_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010301–02_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010301–02_11-2) [Duling 2010](#CITEREFDuling2010), pp. 301–02.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_12-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:2_12-3) Allison, Dale (2010). *The Gospels*. Oxford University Press. p. 27. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0199580255](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199580255).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:122_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:122_13-1) Goodacre, Mark (2025). *The Fourth Synoptic Gospel: John's Knowledge of Matthew, Mark, and Luke*. Eerdmans. p. 94. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0802875136](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802875136).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-n3072_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-n3072_14-1) Theissen, Gerd; Maloney, Linda M. (2011). [*The New Testament: A Literary History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AZdAxLt4lVUC&pg=PT109). G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Fortress Press. p. unpaginated. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8006-9785-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-9785-3).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010306_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010306_15-1) [Duling 2010](#CITEREFDuling2010), p. 306.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner20086–7_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner20086–7_16-1) [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), pp. 6–7.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:02_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:02_17-1) Runesson, Anders (2021). *Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins*. Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802868923](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802868923).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TSP20222_18-0)** *The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference*. Peeters Pub and Booksellers. 2023. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789042950344](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042950344).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kloppenborg_49–792_19-0)** Kloppenborg, John. "Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?". *Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis*. **83** (1): 49–79.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Dunn, James (2017). *Who Was Jesus?*. Church Publishing. p. 4. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0898692488](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0898692488).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholtz200934–35_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholtz200934–35_21-1) [Scholtz 2009](#CITEREFScholtz2009), pp. 34–35.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeith201692_22-0)** [Keith 2016](#CITEREFKeith2016), p. 92.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_23-0)** Vytlacilova, Magdalena. "Why Does the Genre of the Gospels Matter? The Gospels' Genre and Historical Jesus Research". *The Catholic Biblical Quarterly*. **87** (4): 661.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Muddiman, John; Barton, John (2010). [*The Gospels*](https://books.google.com/books?id=utMUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-958025-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958025-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Koester, Helmut (1990). *Ancient Christian Gospels*. ScM Press. pp. 166–67. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0334024590](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0334024590).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Hill, Charles; Kruger, Michael (2012). "The Early Text of Matthew". *The Early Text of the New Testament*. Oxford University Press. p. 83. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780199566365](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199566365).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Kok, Michael (2017). *The Beloved Apostle?*. Cascade Books. p. 13. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1532610219](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1532610219).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Mendez, Hugo (2025). *The Gospel of John: A New History*. Oxford University Press. pp. 65, 285. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0197686126](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0197686126). And yet for much of the twentieth century, "a broad scholarly consensus…tended to regard John's Gospel as quite independent of the other gospels"…Today, however, an increasing number of scholars—now a majority—have arrived at a different view...they find no reason to exclude the Synoptic Gospels from among these sources

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesAllison1988128_29-0)** [Davies & Allison 1988](#CITEREFDaviesAllison1988), p. 128.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010302_30-0)** [Duling 2010](#CITEREFDuling2010), p. 302.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Wright, N. T.; Bird, Michael F. (2019). *The New Testament in its world: an introduction to the history, literature, and theology of the first Christians*. London : Grand Rapids, Michigan: SPCK; Zondervan Academic. pp. 582–584. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0310499329](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0310499329). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1128988591](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1128988591).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** [Wenham, John](/source/John_Wenham) (2020) [1992]. [*Redating Matthew, Mark, and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem*](https://books.google.com/books?id=qin4DwAAQBAJ) (Reprinted ed.). Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 223–247. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781725276659](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781725276659).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** van Os, Bas (2011). *Psychological Analyses and the Historical Jesus: New Ways to Explore Christian Origins*. T&T Clark. pp. 57, 83. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0567269515](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567269515).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** [Bockmuehl, Markus](/source/Markus_Bockmuehl) (2006). *Seeing the Word: Refocusing New Testament Study*. Baker Academic. pp. 178–184. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0801027611](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801027611).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior199622_37-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior199622_37-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior199622_37-2) [Senior 1996](#CITEREFSenior1996), p. 22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrington19915–6_38-0)** [Harrington 1991](#CITEREFHarrington1991), pp. 5–6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kloppenborg_49–79_39-0)** Kloppenborg, John. "Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?". *Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis*. **83** (1): 49–79.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Licona_2016_XIII-XIV_40-0)** Licona, Mike (2016). *Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography*. Oxford University Press. pp. XIII–XIV. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0190264260](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190264260).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** [Hurtado, Larry](/source/Larry_Hurtado) (2013). "Interactive Diversity: A Proposed Model of Christian Origins". *The Journal of Theological Studies*. **64** (2): 445–462. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/jts/flt063](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflt063).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** Ferda, Tucker (2024). *Jesus and His Promised Second Coming: Jewish Eschatology and Christian Origins*. Eerdmans. pp. 521–522. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802879905](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802879905).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** Derico, Travis (2018). *Oral Tradition and Synoptic Verbal Agreement: Evaluating the Empirical Evidence for Literary Dependence*. Pickwick Publications, an Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 368–369. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1620320907](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1620320907).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** Kirk, Alan (2019). *Q in Matthew: Ancient Media, Memory, and Early Scribal Transmission of the Jesus Tradition*. T&T Clark. pp. 148–183. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0567686541](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567686541).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** Kirk, Alan (2019). *Q in Matthew: Ancient Media, Memory, and Early Scribal Transmission of the Jesus Tradition*. T&T Clark. pp. 298–306. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0567686541](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567686541).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Rodriguez, Rafael (2017). "Matthew as Performer, Tradent, Scribe". *Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus*. **15** (2–3): 203. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1163/17455197-01502003](https://doi.org/10.1163%2F17455197-01502003).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon200857_47-0)** [McMahon 2008](#CITEREFMcMahon2008), p. 57.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002175-176_48-0)** [Burkett 2002](#CITEREFBurkett2002), p. 175-176.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TSP2022_49-0)** *The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference*. Peeters Pub and Booksellers. 2023. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789042950344](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042950344).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002180–81_50-0)** [Burkett 2002](#CITEREFBurkett2002), pp. 180–81.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** Foster, Paul (2023). *The Oxford Handbook of the Synoptic Gospels*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0190887452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190887452). Where does this virtually unanimous rejection of a unified, written M leave scholarship on the unique Matthean material...the overarching hypothesis finds few, if any supporters...The insights into the ideological character of individual sayings and complexes of material are no longer attributed to a preexisting source but are now to be taken into account as part of the overall message and theology of the first evangelist.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** Kirk, Alan (2023). *Jesus Tradition, Early Christian Memory, and Gospel Writing*. Eerdmans. pp. 334–335. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802882950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802882950).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaton2005116_53-0)** [Beaton 2005](#CITEREFBeaton2005), p. 116.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2023243_54-0)** [Barber 2023](#CITEREFBarber2023), p. 243.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** Ferda, Tucker (2020). "Doubling Down: Zechariah's Oracle, Judah's Blessing, and the Triumphal Entry in Matthew". *The Journal of Theological Studies*. New Series. **71** (2): 466–512. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/jts/flaa088](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflaa088).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** [Dunn, James](/source/James_Dunn_(theologian)) (2017). *Who Was Jesus? (Little Books of Guidance)*. Church Publishing. p. 4. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0898692488](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0898692488).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolland200518_57-0)** [Nolland 2005](#CITEREFNolland2005), p. 18.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaldarini1992661–662_58-0)** [Saldarini 1992](#CITEREFSaldarini1992), pp. 661–662.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber202384_59-0)** [Barber 2023](#CITEREFBarber2023), p. 84.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaldarini19944_60-0)** [Saldarini 1994](#CITEREFSaldarini1994), p. 4.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior20017–8,_72_61-0)** [Senior 2001](#CITEREFSenior2001), pp. 7–8, 72.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior200111_62-0)** [Senior 2001](#CITEREFSenior2001), p. 11.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeppard2011133_63-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeppard2011133_63-1) [Peppard 2011](#CITEREFPeppard2011), p. 133.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199586,_111_64-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199586,_111_64-1) [Luz 1995](#CITEREFLuz1995), pp. 86, 111.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-65)** Allison, Dale (2005). *Matthew: A Shorter Commentary*. Bloomsbury T&T Clark. p. 152. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780567082497](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082497).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199591,_97_66-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199591,_97_66-1) [Luz 1995](#CITEREFLuz1995), pp. 91, 97.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199593_67-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz199593_67-1) [Luz 1995](#CITEREFLuz1995), p. 93.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior200119_68-0)** [Senior 2001](#CITEREFSenior2001), p. 19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner20089_69-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 9.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesAllison198859–61_70-0)** [Davies & Allison 1988](#CITEREFDaviesAllison1988), pp. 59–61.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesAllison198862ff_71-0)** [Davies & Allison 1988](#CITEREFDaviesAllison1988), pp. 62ff.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance20072ff_72-0)** [France 2007](#CITEREFFrance2007), pp. 2ff.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-73)** Palmer, David G (2023). *Challenging New Testament Scholarship: The Texts in Full and in Detail*. Church Gresley: Ceridwen Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-9161068-5-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9161068-5-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008101_76-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 101.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008226_77-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 226.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985_78-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985_78-1) [Harris 1985](#CITEREFHarris1985).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-79)** [Matthew 12:22–28](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2012:22–28&version=nrsv)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008285_80-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 285.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrowning2004248_81-0)** [Browning 2004](#CITEREFBrowning2004), p. 248.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008265_82-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 265.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-83)** [Matthew 22:15–16](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2022:15–16&version=nrsv)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-84)** [Matthew 22:21–22](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2022:21–22&version=nrsv)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008445_85-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008445_85-1) [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 445.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008613_86-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), p. 613.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2008687–88_87-0)** [Turner 2008](#CITEREFTurner2008), pp. 687–88.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevisonPope-Levison2009167_88-0)** [Levison & Pope-Levison 2009](#CITEREFLevisonPope-Levison2009), p. 167.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuller200168–69_89-0)** [Fuller 2001](#CITEREFFuller2001), pp. 68–69.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-90)** Barker, James (2021). *The Cambridge Companion to the New Testament*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 355–56. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1108437707](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108437707). redaction critics were often preoccupied with theological emphases but not editorial detail requires a theological rationale. Accordingly, recent advances in redaction criticism explain gospel writing more fundamentally in terms of ancient composition and rhetoric.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckett2001119_91-0)** [Tuckett 2001](#CITEREFTuckett2001), p. 119.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-92)** Barker, James (2025). *Writing and Rewriting the Gospels*. Eerdmans. p. 46. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0802874528](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802874528).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-93)** [Matthew 1:23](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#1:23)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenior200117–18_94-0)** [Senior 2001](#CITEREFSenior2001), pp. 17–18.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2007179–81,_185–86_95-0)** [France 2007](#CITEREFFrance2007), pp. 179–81, 185–86.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuz2005b17_96-0)** [Luz 2005b](#CITEREFLuz2005b), pp. 17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaton2005117_97-0)** [Beaton 2005](#CITEREFBeaton2005), p. 117.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-98)** Goodacre, Mark (2008). *Biblical Interpretation in Early Christian Gospels*. T&T Clark. pp. 74, 84. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0567041944](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567041944).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-99)** [Allison, Dale C. Jr.](/source/Dale_Allison) (2023). Foreword. *The Historical Jesus and the Temple: Memory, Methodology and the Gospel of Matthew*. By Barber, Michael Patrick. Cambridge University Press. pp. x, 238. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-009-21085-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-21085-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1986114_100-0)** [Morris 1986](#CITEREFMorris1986), p. 114.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaton2005123_101-0)** [Beaton 2005](#CITEREFBeaton2005), p. 123.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune198759_102-0)** [Aune 1987](#CITEREFAune1987), p. 59.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine2001373_103-0)** [Levine 2001](#CITEREFLevine2001), p. 373.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_104-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_104-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_104-2) Allison, Dale (2019). *The Gospel of John in Historical Inquiry*. T&T Clark. p. 277. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0567681348](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567681348).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-105)** Allison, Dale (2024). *The New Cambridge Companion to Jesus*. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1009232999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1009232999). He was probably more than once in Jerusalem for festivals, as John's Gospel purports...The Synoptic chronology (i.e. of Matthew, Mark, and Luke), which recounts only a single visit, is compressed

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:03_106-0)** Sanders, EP (1996). *The Historical Figure of Jesus*. Penguin. pp. 68–69. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0140144994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140144994).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-107)** Vytlačilová, Magdalena. "Jesus, the Gospels, and the Galilean Crisis by Tucker S. Ferda (review)". *Neotestamentica*. **57** (1): 197–202 – via Project MUSE.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards20022_108-0)** [Edwards 2002](#CITEREFEdwards2002), p. 2.

### Sources

- Adamczewski, Bartosz (2010). [*Q or not Q? The So-Called Triple, Double, and Single Traditions in the Synoptic Gospels*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2IlMGQAOgw8C). Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-631-60492-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-60492-2).

- Allison, D.C. (2004). [*Matthew: A Shorter Commentary*](https://books.google.com/books?id=m_OShrBh0I0C). T&T Clark. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-08249-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08249-7).

- [Aune, David E.](/source/David_Aune), ed. (2001). [*The Gospel of Matthew in current study*](https://books.google.com/books?id=E8lZ7BXzt0sC). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-4673-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4673-0).

- —— (1987). Meeks, Wayne A. (ed.). [*The New Testament in its literary environment*](https://books.google.com/books?id=XdSto1nkx9AC). Westminster John Knox Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-664-25018-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25018-8).

- Barber, Michael Patrick (2023). [*The Historical Jesus and the Temple: Memory, Methodology, and the Gospel of Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1ewEAAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-009-21085-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-21085-0).

- Beaton, Richard C. (2005). ["How Matthew Writes"](https://books.google.com/books?id=pAZxCMRztQ4C&pg=PA116). In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.). *The Written Gospel*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-83285-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83285-4).

- [Browning, W.R.F](/source/W._R._F._Browning) (2004). [*Oxford Dictionary of the Bible*](https://books.google.com/books?id=lKsdAtPUoRgC). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-860890-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860890-5).

- Burkett, Delbert (2002). [*An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity*](https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-00720-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7).

- [Casey, Maurice](/source/Maurice_Casey) (2010). [*Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching*](https://books.google.com/books?id=lXK0auknD0YC). Continuum. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-64517-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-64517-3).

- [Clarke, Howard W.](/source/Howard_Clarke) (2003). [*The Gospel of Matthew and Its Readers*](https://books.google.com/books?id=5BB70m7EVPkC). Indiana University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-253-34235-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34235-5).

- [Cross, Frank L.](/source/Frank_Leslie_Cross); [Livingstone, Elizabeth A.](/source/Elizabeth_Livingstone), eds. (2005) [1997]. "Matthew, Gospel acc. to St.". [*The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church*](https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184503/http://www.biblicalwritings.com/the-oxford-dictionary-of-the-christian-church/?alfa=M&word=Matthew,%0AGospel+acc.+to+St.+) (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1064. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-280290-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3). Archived from [the original](http://www.biblicalwritings.com/the-oxford-dictionary-of-the-christian-church/?alfa=M&word=Matthew,%0AGospel+acc.+to+St.+) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

- [Davies, William David](/source/W._D._Davies); [Allison, Dale C.](/source/Dale_Allison) (1988). [*A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=z79ltm3TFWwC). Vol. I: Introduction and Commentary on Matthew I–VII. T&T Clark Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-09481-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-09481-0).

- ——; —— (1999) [1991]. [*A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=DCHUAwAAQBAJ). Vol. II: Commentary on Matthew VIII–XVIII. T&T Clark Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-09545-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-09545-9).

- ——; —— (1997). [*A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXIV2WOTVvMC). Vol. III: Commentary on Matthew XIX–XXVIII. T&T Clark Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-08518-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08518-4).

- Duling, Dennis C. (2010). ["The Gospel of Matthew"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&pg=PA295). In Aune, David E. (ed.). *The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament*. Wiley-Blackwell. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4051-0825-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0825-6).

- [Dunn, James D.G.](/source/James_Dunn_(theologian)) (2003). [*Jesus Remembered*](https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-3931-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2).

- [Edwards, James](/source/James_R._Edwards) (2002). [*The Gospel According to Mark*](https://books.google.com/books?id=0MjWS_4La_EC). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-85111-778-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85111-778-2).

- [Ehrman, Bart D.](/source/Bart_D._Ehrman) (1999). [*Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium*](https://archive.org/details/jesusapocalyptic00ehrm). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-512474-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512474-3).

- —— (2009). [*Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xmJjSUiJtuQC). Harper Collins. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-06-197702-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-197702-2).

- —— (2012). [*Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth*](https://books.google.com/books?id=hf5Rj8EtsPkC&pg=PT102). HarperCollins. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-06-220460-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-220460-8).

- [Farrer, Austin M.](/source/Austin_Farrer) (1955). "On Dispensing With Q". In Nineham, Dennis E. (ed.). [*Studies in the Gospels: Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot*](http://www.markgoodacre.org/Q/farrer.htm). Oxford. pp. 55–88.

- [France, R.T](/source/R._T._France) (2007). [*The Gospel of Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=0ruP6J_XPCEC&pg=PA19). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-2501-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2501-8).

- [Fuller, Reginald H.](/source/Reginald_H._Fuller) (2001). ["Biblical Theology"](https://books.google.com/books?id=aml3tEWoOVEC&pg=PA68). In [Metzger, Bruce M.](/source/Bruce_M._Metzger); [Coogan, Michael D.](/source/Michael_Coogan) (eds.). *The Oxford Guide to Ideas & Issues of the Bible*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-514917-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514917-3).

- [Goodacre, Mark](/source/Mark_Goodacre) (2002). [*The Case Against Q: Studies in Markan Priority and the Synoptic Problem*](https://books.google.com/books?id=MPfBso3TwGkC). Trinity Press International. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-56338-334-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56338-334-9).

- [Hagner, D.A.](/source/Donald_Hagner) (1986). ["Matthew, Gospel According to Matthew"](https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC&pg=PA280). In [Bromiley, Geoffrey W.](/source/Geoffrey_W._Bromiley) (ed.). *International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 3: K–P*. Wm. B. Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-8163-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-8163-2).

- [Harrington, Daniel J.](/source/Daniel_J._Harrington) (1991). [*The Gospel of Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=bNf13S3k2w0C). Liturgical Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8146-5803-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5803-1).

- [Harris, Stephen L.](/source/Stephen_L._Harris) (1985). *Understanding the Bible*. Palo Alto: Mayfield.

- [Keener, Craig S.](/source/Craig_S._Keener) (1999). [*A commentary on the Gospel of Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=sWzhEdBZOp4C). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-3821-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3821-6).

- Keith, Chris (2016). ["The Pericope Adulterae: A theory of attentive insertion"](https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_CCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92). In [Black, David Alan](/source/David_Alan_Black); Cerone, Jacob N. (eds.). *The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research*. The Library of New Testament Studies. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 92. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-66580-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-66580-5).

- Kupp, David D. (1996). [*Matthew's Emmanuel: Divine Presence and God's People in the First Gospel*](https://books.google.com/books?id=iXMbMjkxlFoC). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-57007-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57007-7).

- [Levine, Amy-Jill](/source/Amy-Jill_Levine) (2001). ["Visions of kingdoms: From Pompey to the first Jewish revolt"](https://books.google.com/books?id=4DVHJRFW3mYC&pg=PT546). In Coogan, Michael D. (ed.). *The Oxford History of the Biblical World*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-513937-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513937-2).

- Levison, J.; Pope-Levison, P. (2009). ["Christology"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqkZnDSeo4C&pg=PA167). In [Dyrness, William A.](/source/William_Dyrness); [Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti](/source/Veli-Matti_K%C3%A4rkk%C3%A4inen) (eds.). *Global Dictionary of Theology*. InterVarsity Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8308-7811-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-7811-6).

- [Luz, Ulrich](/source/Ulrich_Luz) (1989). [*Matthew 1–7*](https://books.google.com/books?id=E8dJA0jRB7QC). Matthew: A Commentary. Vol. 1. Translated by Linss, Wilhelm C. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8066-2402-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8066-2402-0).

- —— (1995). [*The Theology of the Gospel of Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=cKl5M_MQMoYC). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-43576-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43576-5).

- —— (2001). [*Matthew 8–20*](https://books.google.com/books?id=k6uOAAAAMAAJ). Matthew: A Commentary. Vol. 2. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8006-6034-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-6034-5).

- —— (2005a). [*Matthew 21–28*](https://books.google.com/books?id=edTYAAAAMAAJ). Matthew: A Commentary. Vol. 3. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8006-3770-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3770-5).

- —— (2005b). [*Studies in Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=voRVZFEpNsAC). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-3964-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3964-0).

- McMahon, Christopher (2008). ["Introduction to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles"](https://books.google.com/books?id=al4d-3t6rqwC&pg=PA57). In Ruff, Jerry (ed.). *Understanding the Bible: A Guide to Reading the Scriptures*. Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-88489-852-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-852-8).

- [Morris, Leon](/source/Leon_Morris) (1986). [*New Testament Theology*](https://books.google.com/books?id=6D3o6fZd67EC). Zondervan. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-310-45571-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-45571-4).

- Morris, Leon (1992). [*The Gospel according to Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-pwaSKcHyEEC). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-85111-338-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85111-338-8).

- [Nolland, John](/source/John_Nolland) (2005). [*The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OsarQgAACAAJ). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8028-2389-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2389-2).

- Peppard, Michael (2011). [*The Son of God in the Roman World: Divine Sonship in Its Social and Political Context*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AOY2YJizbdAC&pg=PA133). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-975370-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975370-3).

- [Perkins, Pheme](/source/Pheme_Perkins) (1997). ["The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story"](https://books.google.com/books?id=PSHCRgS_SAUC&pg=PR7). In Kee, Howard Clark (ed.). *The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Interpretation*. Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-521-48593-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-48593-2).

- Saldarini, Anthony J. (1992). ["Delegitimation of Leaders in Matthew 23"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43720975). *[Catholic Biblical Quarterly](/source/Catholic_Biblical_Quarterly)*. **54** (4): 659–680.

- Saldarini, Anthony (1994). [*Matthew's Christian-Jewish Community*](https://books.google.com/books?id=btSZh4_vzqoC). University of Chicago Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-226-73421-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73421-7).

- Saldarini, Anthony (2003). [Dunn, James D.G.](/source/James_Dunn_(theologian)); [Rogerson, John William](/source/John_W._Rogerson) (eds.). [*Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1000). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802837110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110).

- [Saunders, Stanley P.](/source/Stanley_P._Saunders) (2009). "Matthew". In [O'Day, Gail](/source/Gail_R._O'Day) (ed.). [*Theological Bible Commentary*](https://books.google.com/books?id=rQWknj4ORJkC). Westminster John Knox Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-664-22711-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22711-1).

- Scholtz, Donald (2009). [*Jesus in the Gospels and Acts: Introducing the New Testament*](https://books.google.com/books?id=royKA4FeMB4C&pg=PA34). Saint Mary's Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-88489-955-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-955-6).

- Senior, Donald (2001). "Directions in Matthean Studies". In Aune, David E. (ed.). [*The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study: Studies in Memory of William G. Thompson, S.J*](https://books.google.com/books?id=E8lZ7BXzt0sC). Eerdmans. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8028-4673-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4673-4).

- Senior, Donald (1996). [*What are they saying about Matthew?*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xuyaPmvwnLEC&q=What+are+they+saying+about+Matthew). PaulistPress. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8091-3624-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3624-7).

- [Stanton, Graham](/source/Graham_Stanton) (1993). [*A gospel for a new people: studies in Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=GytxXOIsF-0C). Westminster John Knox Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-664-25499-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25499-5).

- [Storkey, Elaine](/source/Elaine_Storkey) (2022). [*Meeting God in Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_aTNwQEACAAJ). SPCK. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0281081950](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0281081950).

- Strecker, Georg (2000) [1996]. [*Theology of the New Testament*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_6NxpAvdrOgC). Walter de Gruyter. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-664-22336-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22336-6).

- [Tuckett, Christopher Mark](/source/Christopher_M._Tuckett) (2001). [*Christology and the New Testament: Jesus and His Earliest Followers*](https://books.google.com/books?id=J5Zr0_CsEcwC&pg=PA119). Westminster John Knox Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780664224318](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664224318).

- Turner, David L. (2008). [*Matthew*](https://books.google.com/books?id=8z9LSdKLUl4C). Baker. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8010-2684-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2684-3).

- Van de Sandt, H.W.M. (2005). "*Introduction*". [*Matthew and the Didache: Two Documents from the Same Jewish-Christian Milieu ?*](https://books.google.com/books?id=cTE0FQtrphwC). Royal Van Gorcum. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [90-232-4077-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-232-4077-4)., in Van de Sandt, H.W.M., ed. (2005). *Matthew and the Didache*. Royal Van Gorcum&Fortress Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-232-4077-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-232-4077-8).

- [Wallace, Daniel B.](/source/Daniel_B._Wallace), ed. (2011). [*Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament: Manuscript, Patristic, and Apocryphal Evidence*](https://books.google.com/books?id=838A8BDUI5kC). Text and canon of the New Testament. Kregel Academic. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8254-8906-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-8906-8).

- Weren, Wim (2005). "The History and Social Setting of the Matthean Community". [*Matthew and the Didache: Two Documents from the Same Jewish-Christian Milieu ?*](https://books.google.com/books?id=cTE0FQtrphwC). Royal Van Gorcum. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [90-232-4077-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-232-4077-4)., in Van de Sandt, H.W.M., ed. (2005). *Matthew and the Didache*. Royal Van Gorcum&Fortress Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-232-4077-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-232-4077-8).

## External links

- [Biblegateway.com (opens at Matt.1:1, NIV)](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1&version=NIV)

- [A textual commentary on the Gospel of Matthew](https://web.archive.org/web/20050413192315/http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/TCG/TC-Matthew.pdf) – detailed text-critical discussion of the 300 most important variants of the Greek text (PDF, 438 pages)

- [Early Christian Writings](http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/matthew.html) *Gospel of Matthew:* introductions and e-texts.

- [Bible: Matthew](https://librivox.org/search?title=NT+01+Matthew&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced) public domain audiobook at [LibriVox](/source/LibriVox) Various versions

Gospel of Matthew Synoptic Gospel Preceded by Old Testament Malachi Minor prophets New Testament Books of the Bible Succeeded by Gospel of Mark

v t e Jesus Outline List of topics Chronology of Jesus's life Annunciation Nativity Virgin birth Date of birth Flight into Egypt Infancy (apocryphal) Christ Child Unknown years Baptism Temptation Apostles Selecting Ministry Disciples Sermon on the Mount/Plain Beatitudes Prayers Lord's Prayer Parables Miracles Transfiguration Homelessness Great Commandment Olivet Discourse Anointing Passion instruments Entry into Jerusalem Last Supper Farewell Discourse Agony in the Garden Betrayal Arrest Trial Crucifixion Sayings on the cross Instrument used True Cross Burial Tomb Resurrection Road to Emmaus appearance Great Commission Ascension New Testament Gospels Matthew Mark Luke John Five Discourses of Matthew Gospel harmony Oral gospel traditions Historical background of the New Testament New Testament places associated with Jesus Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament Historical Jesus Quest for the historical Jesus Historicity Sources Josephus Tacitus Mara bar Serapion Gospels Christ myth theory Depictions Bibliography Life of Christ in art Life of Christ Museum Statues Transfiguration Christianity Christ Christianity 1st century Christology Incarnation Person of Christ Pre-existence "I am" Relics Second Coming Session of Christ Son of God Cosmic Christ In other faiths Jesuism In comparative mythology Judaism In the Talmud Islam Ahmadiyya Baháʼí Faith Manichaeism Jesus the Splendour Mandaeism Master Jesus Family Genealogies Mary (mother) Joseph (legal father) Holy Family Panthera (alleged father) Brothers of Jesus Holy Kinship Anne (traditional maternal grandmother) Joachim (traditional maternal grandfather) Heli (paternal grandfather per Luke) Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) Alleged descendants Clopas (traditional uncle) Related Language of Jesus Interactions with women Mary Magdalene Mary, sister of Martha Christmas Easter Rejection of Jesus Criticism Mental health Race and appearance Sexuality and marital status Church of the Nativity Church of the Holy Sepulchre The Garden Tomb Shroud of Turin Category

v t e Books of the Bible Old Testament Hebrew Bible (protocanon) Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1–2 Samuel 1–2 Kings 1–2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanon or apocrypha Catholic, Eastern Orthodox & others Tobit Judith Additions to Esther 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Wisdom Sirach Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah Additions to Daniel Susanna Song of the Three Children Bel and the Dragon Eastern Orthodox & others 1 Esdras 2 Esdras Prayer of Manasseh Psalm 151 3 Maccabees 4 Maccabees Orthodox Tewahedo Enoch Jubilees 1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan Paralipomena of Baruch Broader canon Syriac Peshitta Psalms 152–155 2 Baruch Beta Israel Testaments of the Three Patriarchs Abraham Isaac Jacob New Testament Canon Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation Antilegomena Acts of Paul Apocalypse of Peter Didache Gospel of the Hebrews Epistle of Barnabas 1 Clement 2 Clement 3 Corinthians Shepherd of Hermas Subdivisions Chapters and verses Sedarim Pentateuch Historical books Wisdom books (Poetic Books) Prophetic books Major prophets Minor prophets Gospels List Synoptic Epistles Pauline Johannine Pastoral Catholic Apocalyptic literature Development Authorship Jewish canon Intertestamental period Christian canon Old Testament canon New Testament canon Antilegomena Apocrypha Jewish Old Testament New Testament Pseudepigrapha Old Testament Dating the Bible Manuscripts Dead Sea Scrolls Samaritan Pentateuch Septuagint Targum Diatessaron Muratorian fragment Peshitta Vetus Latina Vulgate Masoretic Text New Testament manuscript categories New Testament papyri New Testament uncials Related Bible version debate English Bible translations Other books referenced in the Bible Additional Scriptures Studies Biblical and Quranic narratives Synod of Hippo Textual criticism Category Portal WikiProject

v t e Gospel of Matthew Bible (New Testament) Chapters Matthew 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Verses Matthew 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16:2b–3,19 27:1–12; 52–66 28 Events and phrases Jesus' birth Star of Bethlehem Magi Flight into Egypt Massacre of the Innocents Return to Nazareth Kingdom of heaven Baptism Temptation Galilean ministry Fishers of men Behold the bridegroom Sermon on the Mount Beatitudes Lord's Prayer Golden Rule Jesus preaches in a ship Calming the storm Feeding the multitude Walking on water Transfiguration Great Commandment Olivet Discourse Ten Virgins Anointing Passion of Jesus Last Supper Crucifixion of Jesus Burial Empty tomb Resurrection Great Commission People Andrew Bartholomew Caiaphas Herod James James, son of Alphaeus Jeremiah Jesus Christ John John the Baptist Joseph Judas Iscariot Jude Mary Mary Magdalene Mary, sister of Martha Matthew Philip Pontius Pilate Rachel Simon Peter Simon the Zealot Thomas Zebedee Groups Angels Pharisees Sadducees Sanhedrin Places Bethany Bethlehem Bethsaida Capernaum Egypt Galilee Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Samaria Sea of Galilee Related Q source M source Gospel of Mark Textual variants Augustinian hypothesis Two-gospel hypothesis Matthean Posteriority Genealogy of Jesus Five Discourses of Matthew Calling of Matthew Kingdom of heaven Immanuel Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew Rabbinical translations Shem Tob Joseph Smith–Matthew In culture St Matthew Passion (Bach, 1727/29) Structure The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964 film) Godspell (1971 musical) Godspell (1973 film) The Visual Bible: Matthew (1993 film) Manuscripts Papyrus 1 4 19 21 25 35 37 44 45 53 62 70 71 73 77 83 86 96 101 102 103 104 105 110 Magdalen papyrus Sources Greek Text Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King James Version American Standard Version World English Version

v t e Nativity of Jesus People Holy Family Christ Child (Jesus) Mary Joseph Magi Melchior Caspar Balthazar Others Shepherds Herod the Great Place Bethlehem Gifts of the Magi Gold Frankincense Myrrh Narratives Gospel of Matthew Matthew 1 Matthew 1:18 Matthew 1:19 Matthew 1:20 Matthew 1:21 Matthew 1:22 Matthew 1:23 Matthew 1:24 Matthew 1:25 Matthew 2:11 Adoration of the Magi (In art) Gospel of Luke Luke 2 Annunciation to the shepherds Related Date Manger Star of Bethlehem Virgin birth of Jesus Saint Joseph's dreams Flight into Egypt In culture In art In film Batlejka Chalking the door Christmas village Szopka Nativity displays theft Nativity play Vertep Serbian Others Remembrances Advent Christmas Church of the Nativity Nativity Fast

v t e Sermon on the Mount Sermon on the Plain Attributed to Jesus (Matthew 5, 6, and 7) Teachings Beatitudes Salt and light City upon a Hill Lamp under a bushel Light of the World Turning the other cheek Love your enemies Lord's Prayer The Birds of the Air Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof The Mote and the Beam Golden Rule The Tree and its Fruits False prophet Wolf in sheep's clothing The Wise and Foolish Builders Related Ministry of Jesus parables Five Discourses of Matthew Life of Jesus in the New Testament Mount of Beatitudes Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount (4th century book) The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894 book)

[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals):
- [Christianity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Christianity)
- [Bible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Bible)

**Gospel of Matthew** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects):

- [**Media**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew) from Commons
- [**Quotations**](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew) from Wikiquote
- [**Texts**](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Matthew_(Bible)) from Wikisource
- [**Textbooks**](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Biblical_Studies/New_Testament_Commentaries/The_Gospel_of_Matthew) from Wikibooks
- [**Resources**](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Biblical_Studies_(NT)) from Wikiversity

Authority control databases International GND National United States France BnF data Czech Republic 2 Norway Greece Argentina Sweden Poland Croatia Other IdRef MusicBrainz work 2

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gospel of Matthew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.