# God Nisanov

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/God_Nisanov
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/God_Nisanov.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Nisanov
> Source revision: 1334889735
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Azerbaijani billionaire businessman

In this name that follows [East Slavic naming customs](/source/East_Slavic_naming_customs), the [patronymic](/source/Patronymic) is *Semenovich* and the [family name](/source/Surname) is *Nisanov*.

God Nisanov Qod Nisanov Nisanov in 2016 Born (1972-04-24) 24 April 1972 (age 54) Gyrmyzy Gasaba, Quba District, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union[1] Citizenship Russian Federation Commonwealth of Dominica Education College of Finance and Credit Baku Institute of Law Occupation Property development Spouse Married Children 4 Awards

**God Semenovich Nisanov** ([Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_language): *Qod Semyonoviç Nisanov*, IPA: [\[ɡot semˈjonovitʃ niˈsɑnof\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani); born 24 April 1972) is a Russian-Azerbaijani billionaire [property developer](/source/Property_developer) and co-owner of the [Kievskaya Ploshchad](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kievskaya_Ploshchad&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9))]. In 2023, [Forbes](/source/Forbes) ranked Nisanov as the 1027th [wealthiest person globally](/source/List_of_billionaires), with a net worth of $2.9 billion, placing him 43rd in the Russian ranking.

In 2014, God Nisanov was elected vice president of the [World Jewish Congress](/source/World_Jewish_Congress). However, he lost his position in the summer of 2022 after the U.S. placed him on the sanctions list. As of March 2024, God Nisanov is also a member of the Bureau of the Presidium of the [Russian Jewish Congress](/source/Russian_Jewish_Congress).

In 1992, God Nisanov and his compatriot [Zarakh Iliev](/source/Zarakh_Iliev) founded the *Kievskaya Ploshchad Group of Companies.* As of 2024, *Kievskaya Ploshchad* owns commercial, office, warehouse, and hotel real estate in Moscow, and *[Flotilla Radisson Royal](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flotilla_Radisson_Royal&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB)]* on the [Moskva River](/source/Moskva_(river)). Among its largest assets are the *[Sadovod market](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadovod_market&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA))]*, the agricultural cluster *Food City*, [Hotel Ukraina](/source/Hotel_Ukraina%2C_Moscow), the *[food court Depo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food_court_Depo&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F)]*, and the [Olympic Stadium](/source/Olympic_Stadium_(Moscow)). According to [Forbes](/source/Forbes) and [RBK](/source/RBK_Group), *Kievskaya Ploshchad* ranks among Russia's 100 largest private companies. It is also the most significant player in the Russian [commercial property market](/source/Commercial_property).

God Nisanov is known for his close connections with the Russian and Azerbaijani political elite. [Ilham Rahimov](/source/Ilham_Rahimov), a former fellow student of [Vladimir Putin](/source/Vladimir_Putin), holds shares in many of Kievskaya Ploshchad's projects. Following the [full-scale invasion of Ukraine](/source/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine), the [United States](/source/United_States), the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom), [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine), [Canada](/source/Canada), [Japan](/source/Japan), [Australia](/source/Australia), and [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand) placed Nisanov on the sanction lists.[2]

## Early life and education

[Krasnaya Sloboda](/source/Q%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_Q%C9%99s%C9%99b%C9%99) in 2016

God Nisanov was born on 24 April 1972 in [Gyrmyzy Gasaba](/source/Q%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_Q%C9%99s%C9%99b%C9%99) (Krasnaya Sloboda), [Azerbaijan SSR](/source/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic). His family hails from the [mountain Jewish](/source/Mountain_Jews) community. His father, Semyon Nisanov, was the director of Shahdag, the largest cannery in the [Quba district](/source/Quba_District_(Azerbaijan)). In addition to God, his parents had three other children.[3]

After school, God Nisanov pursued his education at the Baku Finance and Credit College, specializing in "lending and jurisprudence in the social security system." Afterward, Nisanov served in the social security service while holding a part-time position at his father's cannery. Later, Nisanov also opened a small consignment shop in his native village Krasnaya Sloboda.[4][5]

In the early 1990s, Nisanov moved to Moscow. In 1992, along with his compatriot [Zarakh Iliev](/source/Zarakh_Iliev), he founded the *[Kievskaya Ploshchad Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kievskaya_Ploshchad&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9))].* Nisanov's father, Semyon Nisanov, also became one of the founders. Initially focused on [real estate development](/source/Real_estate_development), the company later expanded its portfolio to include the hotel and restaurant business.[5][6][7]

## Kievskaya Ploshchad

Among Kievskaya Ploshchad's first projects were the shopping centers *Elektronny Ray*, *Panorama*, *Grand*, and the auto center *Moskva*. In 2005, the company made a significant acquisition by obtaining one of the [Stalinist skyscrapers](/source/Seven_Sisters_(Moscow)) known as the [Hotel Ukraina](/source/Hotel_Ukraina%2C_Moscow), which was later renamed [Radisson Collection](/source/Radisson_Collection) after undergoing reconstruction.[8]

2009 marked the closure of the [Cherkizovsky Market](/source/Cherkizovsky_Market), where Iliev and Nisanov were junior partners of [Telman Ismailov](/source/Telman_Ismailov). However, their business only flourished since they began actively developing their project — the largest goods market in Moscow, [Sadovod](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadovod&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA))], which Nisanov and Iliev have owned since 2003.[6] In 2009 also, *Kievskaya Ploshchad* opened the 8-story shopping and entertainment center [Evropeyskiy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evropeyskiy&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80))], located near with the [Moscow Kiyevsky railway station](/source/Moscow_Kiyevsky_railway_station). Additionally, Nisanov and Iliev launched the [Radisson Royal flotilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radisson_Royal_flotilla&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB)] on the [Moskva River](/source/Moskva_(river)).

In 2014, the agrocluster *Food City*, covering more than 120 hectares, was opened. In 2015, the Moskvarium, an Oceanography and Marine Biology Center, was opened at the [Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy](/source/Exhibition_of_Achievements_of_National_Economy), becoming the largest educational center with an aquarium in Europe.[8]

In 2017, the company purchased the [Olympic Stadium](/source/Olympic_Stadium_(Moscow)) from the [Alliance Group](/source/Alliance_Group).[9][10]

Evropeyskiy shopping and entertainment center

In the spring of 2019, Kievskaya Ploshchad opened the *[food court Depo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food_court_Depo&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE.%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)]* near the [Belorusskaya metro station](/source/Belorusskaya_(Zamoskvoretskaya_line)).[11]

In September 2021, Kievskaya Ploshchad acquired a 9.8% stake in *Samolet*, one of the largest mass housing developers in Russia.[12][13] In 2023, Samolet announced it would develop 28.4 hectares of residential and commercial real estate in the [Vostochnoe Biryulevo](/source/Biryulyovo_Vostochnoye_District) area. That land previously belonged to the *Emeral* market, also owned by *Kievskaya Ploshchad*.[14]

*Kievskaya Ploshchad* is among the top hundred in Forbes' ranking of the "200 largest private companies in Russia," ranking 65th in the latest 2021 list. It reported a revenue of 160 billion rubles (more than $2 billion).[15] In 2024, *Kievskaya Ploshchad* claimed the top position in the Forbes ranking of "Kings of Russian Real Estate," with a reported rental income of $1.7 billion.[9]

The *Sadovod market* and the agrocluster *Food City* are widely known for their large-scale illegal cash turnover.[16] *Sadovod* has long been the most significant center in Moscow for [cryptocurrency](/source/Cryptocurrency) transactions.[6][17] The stability of Kievskaya Ploshchad's business is manifested through a complex ownership scheme. While a significant portion of the business is not registered to Nisanov himself, it belongs to his numerous relatives, friends, and associates. What also contributes to the success of *Kievskaya Ploshchad* is Nisanov and Iliev's close ties with high-ranking Russian officials, including [Sergey Naryshkin](/source/Sergey_Naryshkin), the director of the [Foreign Intelligence Service](/source/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)), [Dmitry Rogozin](/source/Dmitry_Rogozin), the former head of [Roscosmos](/source/Roscosmos), and [Sergey Sobyanin](/source/Sergey_Sobyanin), the [Mayor of Moscow](/source/Mayor_of_Moscow). Iliev and Nisanov's key partner is [Ilham Rahimov](/source/Ilham_Rahimov), who is also [Vladimir Putin](/source/Vladimir_Putin)'s former classmate.[6]

## Fortune

For many years, God Nisanov has consistently ranked among the wealthiest individuals in Russia. According to Forbes, in 2015 his fortune peaked at an estimated $4.3 billion. By 2023, he was ranked 1027th among the wealthiest individuals worldwide and 43rd in Russia, with a net worth of $2.9 billion. As of early March 2024, global Forbes valued his fortune at $3.3 billion.[18][19]

## Sanctions

On 2 June 2022, following the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](/source/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine), Nisanov was added to the [U.S. sanctions list](/source/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine).[20][21] Secretary of State [Antony Blinken](/source/Antony_Blinken) called him "one of the wealthiest people in Europe" and an "associate of high-ranking Russian officials."[22]

On 26 September 2022, Nisanov was added to the U.K. sanctions list, as "Putin continues to rely on a clique of oligarchs and selected elite representatives to finance his war."[23][24]

On 19 October 2022, Ukraine included Nisanov in its sanctions list, as the businessman "provides a significant source of income for the Russian government, which initiated military actions and the [genocide of the civilian population in Ukraine](/source/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine).[2]

On 24 February 2023, on the anniversary of the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine, Nisanov was included in [Canada](/source/Canada)'s sanctions list of "elites and close associates of the regime."[25][26]

For similar reasons, Nisanov has been under sanctions by [Japan](/source/Japan) since 5 June 2022,[27] [Australia](/source/Australia) (since 1 June 2022)[2] and [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand) (since 12 October 2022).[2]

### Consequences

The U.S. sanctions affected *Kievskaya Ploshchad* and all the affiliated organizations in which the parent structure, Nisanov, or Iliev directly or indirectly own a stake of 50% or more.[28]

In June 2022, Nisanov decided to step down as chairman of the Board of Directors of the JSC Olympic Sports Complex (Olympic Stadium) and to relinquish all management responsibilities within the project.[29] He was also forced to resign from his position as a vice president of the [World Jewish Congress](/source/World_Jewish_Congress).[22]

## Scandals

Media reports highlight the close ties existing between Nisanov and [Sergey Naryshkin](/source/Sergey_Naryshkin), the director of the [Foreign Intelligence Service](/source/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)) of the Russian Federation. According to an investigation conducted by the media outlet [Proekt](/source/Proekt), following the onset of the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), Naryshkin regularly used Nisanov's private swimming pool at the *Evropeyskiy center*. Furthermore, their connection is implicated in controversial real estate transactions. For example, in 2011, Naryshkin's daughter, Veronika, acquired ownership of a 180-square-meter luxury apartment valued at over 100 million rubles. Veronika was only 23 years old at the time of the purchase, while the previous apartment owner was affiliated with God Nisanov. Additionally, Naryshkin and his daughter regularly used Nisanov's private business jet. Veronika Naryshkina flew to [Baku](/source/Baku) using Nisanov's *[Gulfstream G650](/source/Gulfstream_G650%2FG700%2FG800)*, and the entire Naryshkin family made multiple trips to [Austria](/source/Austria) for skiing.[6][30] Shortly thereafter, the Russian government blacklisted Proekt.media.[31]

In 2019, entrepreneur Ilgar Gadzhiev alleged that God Nisanov compelled him to exit their joint construction holding, SDI Group. Gadzhiev claimed that Nisanov utilized law enforcement agencies and the private security company "Vityaz," controlled by *Kievskaya Ploshchad*, to achieve this. The Russian and Azerbaijani authorities initiated criminal cases against Gadzhiev. Additionally, Azerbaijan attempted to have him declared wanted through [Interpol](/source/Interpol). Gadzhiev first fled to Europe and then to the United States. In January 2023, the [U.S. Department of Justice](/source/United_States_Department_of_Justice) recognized Ilgar Gadzhiev as a possible victim of a crime. This proposed legal protection may be linked to a possible attempted murder of Gadzhiev, orchestrated by God Nisanov.[32] [33]

## Philanthropy and public activities

In 2014, God Nisanov was elected vice president of the [World Jewish Congress](/source/World_Jewish_Congress). However, he lost his position in the summer of 2022 when he was added to the U.S. sanctions list. He is also a member of the Bureau of the Presidium of the [Russian Jewish Congress](/source/Russian_Jewish_Congress).[34] In 2015, together with Zarakh Iliev, Nisanov opened the Jewish school *Cheder Menahem* in Moscow.[5] Moreover, in 2019, they initiated the opening of the Community Center for the Association of Mountain Jews of Moscow.[35] Nisanov and Iliev also assist their native village of Krasnaya Sloboda. In 2020, they contributed to the opening of the world's first Museum of Mountain Jews in the village.[36]

Nisanov donated to several charity organizations, including *Liniya Zhizni* ([Russian](/source/Russian_language): Линия Жизни), *[Podari Zhizn](/source/Podari_Zhizn)* ([Russian](/source/Russian_language): Подари Жизнь), *Bumagniy Guravlik* ([Russian](/source/Russian_language): Бумажный Журавлик), *Kray Dobra* ([Russian](/source/Russian_language): Край Добра), and others. Together with Iliev, Nisanov provided financial assistance to the NGO *[Natsionalnaya Meditsynskaya Palata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natsionalnaya_Meditsynskaya_Palata&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0)]* and the *[Dynamo Sports Club](/source/Dynamo_Sports_Club)*. In 2013, Nisanov sponsored the restoration of the [Kronstadt Naval Cathedral](/source/Kronstadt_Naval_Cathedral).[5] He also funded the construction of a sports complex for students of the [Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University](/source/Saint_Petersburg_State_Marine_Technical_University).[4][5] Later, Nisanov donated 100 million rubles for the creation of the [Rzhev Memorial to the Soviet Soldier](/source/Rzhev_Memorial_to_the_Soviet_Soldier).[37] He was also one of the sponsors of the [Sergei Ursuliak](/source/Sergei_Ursuliak)'s movie [Pravednik](/source/Pravednik).[38]

## Personal life

God Nisanov is married and has four children: sons Saul, Mair, and Alexander, and a daughter, Margarita. He lives in Moscow.[39][40]

The businessman actively engages in sports. He is particularly passionate about [underwater diving](/source/Underwater_diving) and horse riding. In addition, Nisanov speaks six languages, including [Turkish](/source/Turkish_language), [Persian](/source/Persian_language), and [Arabic](/source/Arabic).[5]

It is known that Nisanov's relatives are also actively involved in business. For example, God Nisanov's nephew, Ervin Nisanov, has invested in the development of the *Pims tea cafes* in Moscow.[41] In December 2023, God Nisanov's father, Semyon Nisanov, died in a mansion on the [Sparrow Hills](/source/Sparrow_Hills).[7]

### Citizenships

In 2007, God Nisanov ran for a seat in the [5th State Duma](/source/5th_State_Duma) from the [Liberal Democratic Party of Russia](/source/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia).[42] However, the [Central Election Commission](/source/Central_Election_Commission_(Russia)) filed a lawsuit against Nisanov because his Russian citizenship was invalid. The [Supreme Court of Russia](/source/Supreme_Court_of_Russia) satisfied the lawsuit.[43][44]

In July 2022, Nisanov applied for [Portuguese citizenship](/source/Portuguese_nationality_law) based on being a descendant of [Sephardic Jews](/source/Sephardic_Jews).[45][46] However, given the extensive media attention, the Portuguese Ministry of Justice soon stated that it would "scrutinize" Nisanov's citizenship application.[47]

The joint investigation by [Proekt](/source/Proekt) and the [Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project](/source/Organized_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project) revealed that in 2017, Nisanov purchased a "golden passport" from the [Commonwealth of Dominica](/source/Commonwealth_of_Dominica) to circumvent [international sanctions](/source/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War). All of Nisanov's children also obtained Dominican passports. God Nisanov's brother Ilyagu, as well as his sons Ervin and Leon, obtained Caribbean passports.[48][39]

## Awards

God Nisanov received the [Order of Friendship](/source/Order_of_Friendship) in 2014

- [Taraggi Medal](/source/Taraggi_Medal) (4 July 2011, Azerbaijan) — *for contributions to strengthening friendship between peoples and the development of the Azerbaijani diaspora.*[49]

- [Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Honour](/source/Russian_Federation_Presidential_Certificate_of_Honour) (18 April 2012) — *for a significant contribution to the implementation of measures for the restoration of the Kronstadt Naval Cathedral in the name of [Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker](/source/Saint_Nicholas)*.[50][51]

- [Order of Friendship](/source/Order_of_Friendship) (14 January 2014) — *for labor achievements and many years of fruitful work.*[52]

- The Award for Leadership (2014).[53]

- [Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia](/source/Federation_of_Jewish_Communities_of_Russia)'s' [Skripach na kryshe Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skripach_na_kryshe_Award&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%C2%BB)] (2015).[54]

- Commemorative Medal "70 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (2015) — for active participation in the patriotic education of citizens and addressing the socio-economic problems of veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

- [For Service to the Fatherland Order](/source/For_Service_to_the_Fatherland_Order) (3rd degree) (1 June 2016, Azerbaijan) — *for contributions to strengthening friendship between peoples and the development of the Azerbaijani diaspora*.[55]

- [Decoration "For Beneficence"](/source/Decoration_%22For_Beneficence%22) (12 February 2021) — *for contributing to the implementation of the project to create the Rzhev Memorial to the Soviet Soldier*.[56]

- Elected Person of the Decade by the Mountain Jewish Community — *for significant contributions to the development of the communal life of Mountain Jews in all countries and cities around the world.*[57]

- [Dostlug Order](/source/Dostlug_Order) (21 April 2022, Azerbaijan) — *for contributions to strengthening friendship between peoples and the development of the Azerbaijani diaspora*.[58]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-forbes_1-0)** ["ФОТО: Красная Слобода | Forbes.ru"](http://www.forbes.ru/milliardery-photogallery/256685-sloboda-milliarderov-kak-vyglyadit-malaya-rodina-goda-nisanova-i-zar/photo/1). *forbes.ru*. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ua-sanctions_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ua-sanctions_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ua-sanctions_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-ua-sanctions_2-3) ["Нисанов Год Семенович - биография, досье, активы"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230603021603/https://sanctions.nazk.gov.ua/ru/sanction-person/8763/). *Война и санкции* (in Russian). Archived from [the original](https://sanctions.nazk.gov.ua/ru/sanction-person/8763/) on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Forbes2_3-0)** Ирина Телицына (8 May 2014). ["Слобода миллиардеров: репортаж с малой родины Года Нисанова и Зараха Илиева"](https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery-photogallery/256685-sloboda-milliarderov-kak-vyglyadit-malaya-rodina-goda-nisanova-i-zar). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 8 May 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ко_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ко_4-1) ["Связи, на которых держится бизнес Илиева и Нисанова"](https://ko.ru/articles/god-nisanov-i-zarakh-iliev-odnazhdy-v-rossii/). *Ко* (in Russian). 25 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-versia_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-versia_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-versia_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-versia_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-versia_5-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-versia_5-5) ["Год Семенович Нисанов"](https://versia.ru/god-semenovich-nisanov). *Версия* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Проект_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Проект_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Проект_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Проект_6-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Проект_6-4) Мария Жолобова, Роман Баданин, Андрей Захаров (16 December 2020). ["Год Азербайджана в России"](https://www.proekt.media/portrait/god-nisanov/). *Проект* (in Russian). Retrieved 27 March 2024.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-МК_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-МК_7-1) ["Выяснились обстоятельства смерти отца миллиардера Года Нисанова"](https://www.mk.ru/social/2023/12/06/vyyasnilis-obstoyatelstva-smerti-otca-milliardera-goda-nisanova.html). *MK* (in Russian). 6 December 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ко1_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ко1_8-1) ["Год Нисанов"](https://ko.ru/biography/god-nisanov/). *[Kompania Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kompania_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ru](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB))]* (in Russian). Retrieved 29 February 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Forbes3_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Forbes3_9-1) [""Киевская площадь""](https://www.forbes.ru/profile/kievskaya-ploshchad). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 1 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Андрей Злобин (26 December 2017). ["Бажаев продал спорткомплекс "Олимпийский" миллиардерам Нисанову и Илиеву"](https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/355001-bazhaev-prodal-sportkompleks-olimpiyskiy-milliarderam-nisanovu-i-ilievu). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 29 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Что такое "Депо. Москва" и как московский гастробизнес пришел к формату фудмолла"](https://style.rbc.ru/impressions/5c73d0aa9a7947fdde2fad48) (in Russian). Retrieved 12 October 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Рузана Малина, Дмитрий Яковенко, Мария Абакумова (9 September 2021). [""Самолет" для миллиардеров: зачем Нисанов и Илиев купили 10% акций девелопера"](https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/439599-samolet-dla-milliarderov-zacem-nisanov-i-iliev-kupili-10-akcij-developera). *Forbes* (in Russian).{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [""Киевская площадь" и ее совладелец Год Нисанов стали акционерами группы "Самолет""](https://www.vedomosti.ru/realty/articles/2021/09/09/885927-kievskaya-ploschad-i-ee-sovladelets-god-nisanov-stali-aktsionerami-gruppi-samolet). *Ведомости* (in Russian). 9 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [""Киевская площадь" обзаведется жильем"](https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5927289). *Коммерсантъ* (in Russian). 12 April 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["200 крупнейших частных компаний России 2021"](https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/440795-200-krupnejsih-castnyh-kompanij-rossii-2021). *Forbes* (in Russian).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Путин поручил разобраться с теневым бизнесом миллиардеров Илиева и Нисанова"](https://incrussia.ru/news/putin-poruchil-razobratsya-s-tenevym-biznesom-milliarderov-ilieva-i-nisanova/). *Inc* (in Russian). 3 April 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-дружбаНГ_17-0)** Ирек Муртазин (13 March 2019). ["Под крышей "Дружбы""](https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2019/03/13/79856-pod-kryshey-druzhby). *Новая газета* (in Russian).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Год Нисанов"](https://www.forbes.ru/profile/god-nisanov). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["God Nisanov"](https://www.forbes.com/profile/god-nisanov/?sh=3929c630859d). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 25 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Санкции коснулись Года Нисанова"](https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5382541). *Коммерсант* (in Russian). 2 June 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["США ввели санкции против Ролдугина, Мордашова, Нисанова и Захаровой"](https://www.svoboda.org/a/ssha-vveli-sanktsii-protiv-roldugina-mordashova-nisanova-i-zaharovoy/31880449.html). *Радио Свобода* (in Russian). 2 June 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-portug-blinken_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-portug-blinken_22-1) Русская служба The Moscow Times (24 July 2022). ["Попавший под санкции миллиардер попросил гражданство Португалии"](https://www.moscowtimes.news/2022/07/24/popavshii-pod-sanktsii-milliarder-poprosil-grazhdanstvo-portugalii-a22571). *Русская служба The Moscow Times* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Times, Русская служба The Moscow (26 September 2022). ["Британия ввела санкции против трех миллиардеров и 55 топ-менеджеров российских госбанков"](https://www.moscowtimes.news/2022/09/26/britaniya-vvela-sanktsii-protiv-treh-milliarderov-i-55-top-menedzherov-rossiiskih-gosbankov-a24706). *Русская служба The Moscow Times* (in Russian). Retrieved 26 July 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["UK sanctions collaborators of Russia's illegal sham referendums"](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-sanctions-collaborators-of-russias-illegal-sham-referendums). *GOV.UK*. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Global Affairs Canada (4 February 2022). ["Sanctions – Russian invasion of Ukraine"](https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflict-reponse_conflits/crisis-crises/ukraine-sanctions.aspx?lang=eng). *GAC*. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Frank Media (24 February 2023). ["Канада водит санкции против Росфинмониторинга - Frank Media"](https://frankrg.com/113994). *Frank RG* (in Russian). Retrieved 25 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Япония ввела санкции против Ролдугина, Григоренко, Слюсаря"](https://www.svoboda.org/a/yaponiya-vvela-sanktsii-protiv-roldugina-grigorenko-i-slyusarya/31929433.html). *Радио Свобода* (in Russian). 5 July 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Катя Загвоздкина (12 December 2023). ["Минфин США ввел санкции против Экспобанка и бизнесмена Ивана Таврина"](https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/502366-minfin-ssa-vvel-sankcii-protiv-ekspobanka-i-biznesmena-ivana-tavrina). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 1 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-автоссылка1_29-0)** ["Миллиардер Год Нисанов решил покинуть все должности в спорткомплексе "Олимпийский""](https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/468119-milliarder-god-nisanov-resil-pokinut-vse-dolznosti-v-sportkomplekse-olimpijskij). *Forbes* (in Russian). 8 June 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** [""Проект" рассказал об отдыхе главы СВР с членом семьи вице-премьера Азербайджана во время войны в Карабахе"](https://www.svoboda.org/a/31003561.html). *Радио Свобода* (in Russian). 16 December 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_31-0)** ["'Journalists like that are worse than terrorists' Meet Vitaly Borodin, the activist whose complaint led Russia to outlaw the investigative news outlet 'Proekt'"](https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/07/23/journalists-like-that-are-worse-than-terrorists). *Meduza*. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-гаджиев-агентство_32-0)** ["Бежавший из России бизнесмен обвинил миллиардера Нисанова в подготовке заказного убийства. Минюст США признал его жертвой преступления"](https://www.agents.media/bezhavshij-iz-rossii-biznesmen-obvinil-milliardera-nisanova-v-podgotovke-zakaznogo-ubijstva-minyust-ssha-priznal-rossiyanina-zhertvoj-prestupleniya/). *Агентство* (in Russian). 12 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-гаджиев-нг_33-0)** ["Здравствуй, стройка, новый Год"](https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2019/06/05/80778-zdravstvuy-stroyka-novyy-god). *Новая газета* (in Russian). 5 June 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Нисанов Год Семенович"](https://rjc.ru/ru/structure/73-nisanov-god-semenovich). *Российский еврейский конгресс* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-arutz2019_35-0)** ["New center aims to preserve traditions of "Mountain Jews""](http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/269643). [Arutz Sheva](/source/Arutz_Sheva). 2 October 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Наши соотечественники Год Нисанов и Зарах Илиев создают в Азербайджане первый в мире музей горских евреев"](https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/nashi_sootechestvenniki_god_nisanov_i_zarah_iliev_sozdayut_v_azerbaidzhane_pervyi_v_mire_muzei_gorskih_evreev-1324141). *Азейбарджанское государственное информационное агентство* (in Russian). 31 August 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** Андрей Захаров. [""Слава России!": как и на что строили Ржевский мемориал, "Зою" и храм ВС РФ"](https://perito.media/posts/slava-rossii-rzhevskii-memorial-zoya-khram-vs-rf-i-drugie-muzei-kotorye-gotovili-rossiyan-k-voine). Perito.media.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Список Киселева: почему на фильм "Праведник" стоит идти в кино"](https://super.ru/l/15082) (in Russian). 28 February 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Проект2_39-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Проект2_39-1) Виталий Солдатских, Роман Баданин (11 October 2023). ["Золото Карибского моря"](https://www.proekt.media/investigation/golden-pasports-dominica/). *[Proekt](/source/Proekt)* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ruprofile_40-0)** ["Нисанов Год Семёнович"](https://www.forbes.ru/profile/god-nisanov). *Forbes.ru* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** Ксения Демидкина (13 September 2021). ["Кто открыл ажиотажные чайные в Москве на деньги племянника "короля недвижимости""](https://www.forbes.ru/svoi-biznes/439675-kto-otkryl-aziotaznye-cajnye-v-moskve-na-den-gi-plemannika-korola-nedvizimosti). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 24 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Кандидат от ЛДПР признан негражданином"](https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/829436). *Коммерсантъ* (in Russian). 26 November 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["Кандидат от ЛДПР признан негражданином"](https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/829436). *Коммерсант* (in Russian). 26 November 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** ["О регистрации федерального списка кандидатов в депутаты Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации пятого созыва, выдвинутого политической партией "Либерально-демократическая партия России" от 12 октября 2007"](https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902066010). *Электронный фонд правовых и нормативно- технических документов* (in Russian). Retrieved 16 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** Даниил Сотников (23 July 2022). ["Бизнесмен Год Нисанов подал заявку на гражданство Португалии"](https://www.dw.com/ru/biznesmen-god-nisanov-podal-zayavku-na-grazhdanstvo-portugalii/a-62575378). *DW* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Curado, Paulo (20 July 2022). ["Mais um oligarca russo já é português e outros dois esperam por passaporte"](https://www.publico.pt/2022/07/20/sociedade/noticia/oligarca-russo-ja-portugues-dois-esperam-passaporte-2014282). *publico.pt* (in Portuguese). [Público](/source/P%C3%BAblico_(Portugal)). Retrieved 24 July 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** Ринат Таиров, Мария Абакумова, Елена Березанская (23 July 2022). ["Португалия изучит заявку попавшего под санкции российского миллиардера на гражданство"](https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/472435-portugalia-izucit-zaavku-popavsego-pod-sankcii-rossijskogo-milliardera-na-grazdanstvo). *Forbes* (in Russian). Retrieved 3 March 2024.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** ["Российские олигархи Год Нисанов и Зарах Илиев купили "золотые паспорта" Доминики для обхода западных санкции – "Проект" и OCCRP"](https://www.currenttime.tv/a/zolotie-pasporta-dominiki/32632371.html). *Current Time* (in Russian). 11 October 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** ["Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики o награждении группы лиц за заслуги в развитии азербайджанской диаспоры"](https://ru.president.az/articles/2681) (in Russian). Retrieved 26 June 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** ["Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 18 апреля 2012 года № 170-рп «О поощрении»"](http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201204180003) (in Russian). Retrieved 27 June 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-autogenerated1_51-0)** ["Нисанов Год Семёнович"](https://delonovosti.ru/personalities/1090-god-nisanov.html) (in Russian). Retrieved 11 June 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 14 января 2014 года № 18 «О награждении государственными наградами Российской Федерации»"](http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201401140002?index=3&rangeSize=1) (in Russian). Retrieved 27 June 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** ["Год Нисанов и Зарах Илиев получили награду "За лидерство" — архив новостей еврейского портала СТМЭГИ"](https://stmegi.com/posts/18727/god_nisanov_i_zarakh_iliev_poluchili_nagradu_za_liderstvo_10739/) (in Russian). Retrieved 11 June 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["В Государственном Кремлёвском дворце вручили премии ФЕОР"](https://rg.ru/2015/12/09/feor-site.html). *Российская газета* (in Russian). 9 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** ["Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики о награждении группы лиц за заслуги в развитии азербайджанской диаспоры"](https://ru.president.az/articles/20163) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** ["Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 12 февраля 2021 года № 83 «О награждении государственными наградами Российской Федерации»"](http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202102120001?index=10&rangeSize=1) (in Russian). Retrieved 13 April 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** ["Год Нисанов избран Человеком десятилетия общины горских евреев - GORSKIE.ru"](https://gorskie.ru/juhuro/events/item/58954-god-nisanov-izbran-chelovekom-desyatiletiya-obshchiny-gorskikh-evreev). *gorskie.ru* (in Russian). Retrieved 29 June 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** ["Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики О награждении группы лиц за заслуги в развитии азербайджанской диаспоры"](https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Rasporyazhenie_Prezidenta_Azerbaidzhanskoi_Respubliki_O_nagrazhdenii_gruppy_lic_za_zaslugi_v_razvitii_azerbaidzhanskoi_diaspory-2104292) (in Russian). Retrieved 21 April 2022.

## External links

Media related to [God Nisanov](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:God_Nisanov) at Wikimedia Commons

- [Vladimir Putin's visit to Moskvarium. God Nisanov, Vladimir Putin, Sergey Sobyanin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqU_4lQgeC4) (video)

- [God Nisanov's interview to RBK](https://www.rbc.ru/interview/business/10/07/2019/5cadbf439a7947418c912d62) (2019)

- [Year of Azerbaijan in Russia. Portrait of God Nisanov, a person who knows how to be friend and trade](https://www.proekt.media/portrait/god-nisanov/) (2020)

v t e Privatization in Russia Background Perestroika Economy of the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union Economic history of the Russian Federation History of the Russian Federation Presidency of Boris Yeltsin Loans for shares scheme Anatoly Chubais Goskomimushchestvo Banking in Russia (Seven Bankers) Mass media in Russia Energy in Russia Petroleum industry in Russia 1996 Russian presidential election 1998 Russian financial crisis Russia under Vladimir Putin Oligarchs People Alexander Abramov Roman Abramovich Vagit Alekperov Petr Aven Boris Berezovsky Len Blavatnik Oleg Deripaska Mikhail Fridman Arcadi Gaydamak Vladimir Gusinsky Mikhail Gutseriev Zarakh Iliev Konstantin Kagalovsky Viatcheslav Kantor Suleyman Kerimov German Khan Mikhail Khodorkovsky Alexander Knaster Alexey Kuzmichev Iskander Makhmudov Vitaly Malkin Alexander Mamut Leonid Mikhelson Mikhael Mirilashvili Vadim Moshkovich Leonid Nevzlin God Nisanov Stan Polovets Vladimir Potanin Mikhail Prokhorov Arkady Rotenberg Alexander Smolensky Eugene Shvidler Gennady Timchenko Alisher Usmanov Viktor Vekselberg Vladimir Vinogradov Companies & groups Sibneft ORT Bank Menatep Yukos Alfa Group (Alfa-Bank · X5 Group · Altimo · TNK-BP · Rosvodokanal) Interros Novatek Metalloinvest Norilsk Nickel Lukoil Surgutneftegas Novolipetsk Steel Mechel Renova Group Rossiysky Kredit Polyus SUAL Group Rusal Access Industries Related The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia List of Russian billionaires New Russians Ukrainian oligarchs Liberalism in Russia Crime in Russia Russian mafia Genesis Prize Genesis Philanthropy Group Vladimir Petukhov Open Russia

v t e World Jewish Congress Leaders Presidents Julian Mack (1936–1943) Stephen Samuel Wise (1944–1949) Nahum Goldmann (1949–1977) Philip Klutznick (1977–1979) Edgar Bronfman Sr. (1979–2007) Ronald Lauder (2007–present) Secretaries-General Irving Miller (1936–1940) Arieh Tartakower (1940–1945) A. Leon Kubowitzki (1945–1948) Gerhart M. Riegner (1948–1983) Israel Singer (1983–2001) Avi Beker (2001–2003) Stephen Herbits (2005–2007) Michael Schneider (2007–2011) Dan Diker (2011–2012) Robert Singer (2013–2019) Affiliated communities Africa Botswana Egypt Kenya Lesotho Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia South Africa Swaziland Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Hong Kong India Israel Japan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Americas Argentina Aruba Barbados Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Curaçao Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Jamaica Martinique Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname United States Uruguay Venezuela Europe Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Georgia Gibraltar Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Oceania Australia New Zealand Affiliated organisations African Jewish Congress Anti-Defamation League B'nai B'rith Conference of European Rabbis Hillel International International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists International Council of Jewish Women International Jewish Committee on Interreligious Consultations Jewish Agency for Israel Jewish Diplomatic Corps Maccabi World Union Women's International Zionist Organization World ORT World Mizrachi World Union for Progressive Judaism World Union of Jewish Students World Zionist Organization Related articles Jewish diaspora Jewish lobby Sanhedrin Grand Sanhedrin Alliance Israélite Universelle Israel Council on Foreign Relations International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians European Jewish Congress International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims Claims Conference Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks Auschwitz cross Judaism portal Category WikiProject

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [God Nisanov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Nisanov) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Nisanov?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.