# Giryama dialect

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Variety of Mijikenda from southern Kenya

Giryama Native to Kenya Region Kilifi district Ethnicity Mijikenda, Giryama Language family Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Northeast Coast Bantu Mijikenda Giryama Language codes ISO 639-3 nyf Glottolog giry1241

**Giryama** is a dialect variety of the [Mijikenda](/source/Mijikenda_language) language spoken along the southern coast of [Kenya](/source/Kenya), predominantly in the [Kilifi](/source/Kilifi_District) district.

## Phonology

### Consonants

Bilabial Labio- dental Dental/Alveolar Post-alv./ Palatal Velar Glottal plain lab. plain sibilant plain lab. Nasal m mʷ n ɲ ŋ Plosive/ Affricate voiceless p t t͡s t͡ʃ k kʷ (ʔ) aspirated pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ tʃʰ kʰ kʷʰ voiced b d d͡z d͡ʒ ɡ ɡʷ prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ⁿd͡z ᶮd͡ʒ ᵑɡ ᵑɡʷ Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h voiced β v ð z ʒ Rhotic ɾ ~ r Lateral l Approximant j w

- Labialized sounds /mʷ, kʷ, kʷʰ, ɡʷ, ᵑɡʷ/ can alternatively be pronounced as labio-velar stops [ŋ͡m, k͡p, k͡pʰ, ɡ͡b, ᵑɡ͡b] among speakers in free variation.

- /[ɾ](/source/Voiced_alveolar_tap_or_flap)/ may have allophones as either [[ɾ](/source/Voiced_alveolar_tap_or_flap)], [[r](/source/Voiced_alveolar_trill)], or [[ɹ](/source/Voiced_alveolar_approximant)], all heard interchangeably.

- [[ʔ](/source/Glottal_stop)] is only heard in between vowel sounds, to break up a sequence of two vowels.[1]

- Taylor (1891), noted two dental stops [t̪, d̪], however they were not easy to identify and therefore are not considered as phonemes.

### Vowels

Front Central Back Close i u Mid e o Open a

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Volk, Erez (2007). *High, low and in between: Giryama tonology* (MA thesis). Tel Aviv University.

## Sources

- Taylor, William Ernest. 1891. *Giryama vocabulary and collections*. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Giryama dialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giryama_dialect) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giryama_dialect?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.