# Ghijak

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{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
{{unreliable sources|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Ghijak
|image=2GhichakGurminj.jpg
|classification=
* [Bowed string instrument](/source/Bowed_string_instrument)
|range=
|related= 
* [Kamancheh](/source/Kamancheh)
}}
The '''ghijak'''<ref name="Grove">{{Cite Grove|title=Ghidjak|author=John Baily and Razia Sultanova|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51720}}</ref>{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{IPAc-en|lang|g|ɪ|ˈ|dʒ|æ|k}} {{respell|gih|JAK}}|{{langx|fa|غیجک، غیژک|ghijak, ghizaak}}, {{small|[cyrillized](/source/Tajik_alphabet):}} {{lang|tg|ғижжак}}|{{langx|sgh|غیږک|ɣiɣ̌ak}}|{{langx|tk|гыжак|gyjak}}|{{langx|ky|кыяк|kyiak}}|{{langx|ug|غېجەك|ghëjek}}|{{zh|c=吉孜哈克|p=jízīhākè}}; {{langx|dng|гиҗак}}; [Cantonese Yale](/source/Cantonese_Yale): ''gātjīngahphāk''|{{langx|ru|гиджак|gidžak}}}}}} is a group of related [spike fiddle](/source/spike_fiddle)s, used by [Afghans](/source/Demographics_of_Afghanistan), [Uzbeks](/source/Uzbeks), [Uyghurs](/source/Uyghurs), [Tajiks](/source/T%C4%81jik_people), [Turkmens](/source/Turkmens), [Qaraqalpaks](/source/Qaraqalpaks)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.akdn.org/akmi-instrument-38 |title=Ghijak |publisher=Aga Khan Development Network |access-date=2020-08-24}}</ref> and in the [Xinjiang](/source/Xinjiang) province of western China. Despite the similarity of the name, it is more closely related to the Persian [kamancheh](/source/kamancheh) than the [ghaychak](/source/ghaychak).

==History==
[[File:Pastimes of Central Asians. A Musician Playing a Gydzhak, a Stringed Instrument WDL10821.png|thumb|left|Gydzhak or Gʻijjak spike fiddles grim [Russian Turkestan](/source/Russian_Turkestan).]]
The instrument name appears in 10th-century manuscripts, which indicate that the bridge (''harrak'') was made of [almond](/source/almond) shells. The ghidjak as depicted in 15th-century [Persian miniature](/source/Persian_miniature)s resembles the modern instrument in its construction.<ref name="Grove" />

==Xinjiang==
The ghijek as it is used in Xinjiang has four strings, either with a bowl soundbox (similar to the ''[kamancheh](/source/kamancheh)''), or with a box soundbox often made from a tin can.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mus6155musicofasia.weebly.com/instruments.html |title=Badakhshani Instruments |access-date=2020-08-24}}</ref> One of Xinjiang's most prominent ''ghijek'' players is Akram Omar (艾克热木·吾买尔 / ئەكرەم ئۆمەر / Акрам Омар), from Kashgar.<sup>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcmkHNOo5JU video]</sup>

==See also==
* [Ghaychak](/source/Ghaychak)
* [Kamancheh](/source/Kamancheh)

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://thewanderingscot.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Ghaychak.jpg Afghan ghaychak (box lute)]
*[http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=106106 Tajik ghijak (box lute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415162427/http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=106106 |date=2009-04-15 }}

{{Traditional Chinese musical instruments}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Chinese musical instruments
Category:Culture in Xinjiang
Category:Uyghur musical instruments
Category:Kazakhstani musical instruments
Category:Kyrgyz musical instruments
Category:Afghan musical instruments
Category:Uzbekistani musical instruments
Category:Tajik musical instruments
Category:Turkmen musical instruments

{{lute-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ghijak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijak) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijak?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.