# Gerald Emmett Carter

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Catholic cardinal

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Gerald Emmett Carter Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Toronto See Toronto Appointed April 27, 1978 Predecessor Philip Francis Pocock Successor Aloysius Ambrozic Other post Bishop of London Orders Ordination May 22, 1937 by Alphonse Emmanuel Deschamps Consecration February 2, 1962 by Paul-Émile Léger Created cardinal June 30, 1979 by Pope John Paul II Personal details Born (1912-03-01)March 1, 1912 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Died April 6, 2003(2003-04-06) (aged 91) Toronto, Ontario, Canada Buried Holy Cross Cemetery Coat of arms Ordination history History Priestly ordination Ordained by Alphonse Emmanuel Deschamps Date May 22, 1937 Place Montreal Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Paul-Émile Léger Co-consecrators John Christopher Cody, Alexander Carter Date February 2, 1962 Place Montreal Cardinalate Elevated by Pope John Paul II Date June 30, 1979 Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Gerald Emmett Carter as principal consecrator Peter Alfred Sutton July 18, 1974 Eugène Philippe LaRocque September 3, 1974 James Leonard Doyle June 28, 1976 Michael Pearse Lacey June 21, 1979 Robert Bell Clune June 21, 1979 Leonard James Wall June 21, 1979 Attila Miklósházy November 4, 1989

**Gerald Emmett [Cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) Carter** [CC](/source/Order_of_Canada) (March 1, 1912 – April 6, 2003) was a [Canadian](/source/Canadians) [prelate](/source/Prelate) of the [Roman Catholic Church](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church). He served as [Archbishop of Toronto](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archbishops_of_Toronto) from 1978 to 1990, and was elevated to the [cardinalate](/source/Cardinal_(Catholicism)) in 1979.

Styles of Gerald Emmett Carter Reference style His Eminence Spoken style Your Eminence Religious style Cardinal Posthumous style none Informal style Cardinal See Toronto (emeritus)

## Biography

### Youth and ordination

The youngest of eight children, Emmett Carter was born on March 1, 1912, in [Montreal](/source/Montreal), [Quebec](/source/Quebec), to an [Irish Catholic](/source/Irish_Catholic) family. His father was a [typesetter](/source/Typesetting) for *[The Montreal Star](/source/The_Montreal_Star)*, his brother, [Alexander](/source/Alexander_Carter), would become [Bishop of Sault-Sainte-Marie](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sault_Sainte_Marie%2C_Ontario), and two of his sisters would become [nuns](/source/Nun).

Carter attended the [Collège de Montréal](/source/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Montr%C3%A9al) before studying at the Grand [Seminary](/source/Seminary) and the [Université de Montréal](/source/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al), where he obtained his [Licentiate in Theology](/source/Licentiate_in_Theology) in 1936. He was [ordained](/source/Holy_Orders) to the [priesthood](/source/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)) by the [Auxiliary Bishop of Montreal](/source/Archdiocese_of_Montreal) [Alphonse Emmanuel Deschamps](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Emmanuel_Deschamps&action=edit&redlink=1) on May 22, 1937.

### Parish work

Carter then did [pastoral](/source/Parish_(Catholic_Church)) work in the [Archdiocese of Montreal](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Montreal) until 1939, when he became the first [director](/source/Director_(education)) of the [English](/source/English_language) section of Jacques-Cartier [Normal school](/source/Normal_school).

During his tenure as [chaplain](/source/Chaplain) to the Catholic students at [McGill University](/source/McGill_University) from 1942 to 1956, where he played a key role in establishing the [Newman Centre of McGill University](http://www.newmancentre.org), he was also named director of the English section of [Catholic Action](/source/Catholic_Action) (1944) and [president](/source/President_(education)) of the [Thomas More Institute](/source/Thomas_More_Institute) (1946),[1] and earned his [doctorate in theology](/source/Doctor_of_Theology) in 1947.

### Archbishop of Toronto

He was [Bishop of London, Ontario](/source/Roman_Catholic_Bishops_of_London%2C_Ontario), from 1964 to 1978, when he was appointed [Archbishop of Toronto](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archbishops_of_Toronto). He retired in 1990 and was succeeded by [Aloysius Ambrozic](/source/Aloysius_Ambrozic).

In 1976, he received an honorary doctorate from [Concordia University](/source/Concordia_University).[2] In 1982 he was made a Companion of the [Order of Canada](/source/Order_of_Canada).[3] The library at [King's University College](/source/King's_University_College_(University_of_Western_Ontario)) at the [University of Western Ontario](/source/University_of_Western_Ontario) in London is named after him, as are [Cardinal Carter Catholic High School](/source/Cardinal_Carter_Catholic_High_School) in [Aurora, Ontario](/source/Aurora%2C_Ontario), [Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts](/source/Cardinal_Carter_Academy_for_the_Arts) in [Toronto, Ontario](/source/Toronto) and Cardinal Carter Catholic Secondary School in [Leamington, Ontario](/source/Leamington%2C_Ontario).

An important figure in Montreal's education system, founding St. Joseph's Teachers College for English-speaking Catholics, Cardinal Carter was a member of the Montreal Catholic School Commission for 15 years, and active at McGill University's Newman Club and the St. Thomas More Institute.

[Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts](/source/Cardinal_Carter_Academy_for_the_Arts) in Toronto, named after Carter

## Pastoral programs

In Toronto, Carter was responsible for expanding the Archdiocese's pastoral programs, Catholic education and social services as well as implementing the reforms of Vatican II. He was involved with the opening of Covenant House for street youth and worked with the province of Ontario to provide affordable housing to the elderly and disabled.

Cardinal Carter died in [Toronto](/source/Toronto) on April 6, 2003, and is buried at the Bishops' Mausoleum at Holy Cross Cemetery north of [Toronto](/source/Toronto).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Lisa Fitterman, ["Dedicated to the pursuit of lifelong learning: Founder of Thomas More Institute for Adult Education had fierce vision and passion for knowledge](http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20100906.OBCHARLOTTTETANSEYATL/BDAStory/BDA/deaths) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120318033646/http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20100906.OBCHARLOTTTETANSEYATL/BDAStory/BDA/deaths) 2012-03-18 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)", *[The Globe and Mail](/source/The_Globe_and_Mail)*, 21 February 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Honorary Degree Citation - Gerald Emmett Carter* | Concordia University Archives"](http://archives.concordia.ca/carter-g). *archives.concordia.ca*. Retrieved April 7, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Office of the Governor General of Canada](/source/Governor_General_of_Canada). [Order of Canada citation](https://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=264). Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 26 May 2010

## Bibliography

- ["Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter"](http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcarterg.html). *Catholic-Hierarchy*. Retrieved April 25, 2009.[*[self-published source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources)*]

Catholic Church titles Preceded by Philip Francis Pocock Archbishop of Toronto 1978–1990 Succeeded by Aloysius Ambrozic Preceded by John Christopher Cody Bishop of London 1964–1978 Succeeded by John Michael Sherlock

v t e Cardinals created by John Paul II 1979 Casaroli Caprio Cé Righi-Lambertini Căn Civardi Corripio y Ahumada Asajiro Satowaki Etchegaray Ballestrero Ó Fiaich Carter Macharski Rubin Kung Pin-mei 1983 Khoraish Yago Sabattani Kuharić Casoria Lebrún Moratinos Bernardin Kitbunchu do Nascimento López Trujillo Danneels Williams Martini Lustiger Glemp Vaivods Meisner de Lubac 1985 Dadaglio Lourdusamy Arinze Fresno Innocenti Obando y Bravo Mayer Suquía Goicoechea Hamer Vidal Gulbinowicz Tzadua Tomko Lubachivsky Deskur Poupard Vachon Decourtray Castillo Lara Wetter Piovanelli Simonis Gagnon Stickler Law O'Connor Biffi Pavan 1988 Martínez Somalo Silvestrini Felici Grégoire Padiyara Freire Falcão Giordano dos Santos Canestri Javierre Ortas Pimenta Revollo Bravo Clancy Moreira Neves Hickey Szoka Paskai Tumi Groër Martin Hensbach Sladkevičius Margéot Wu 1991 Sodano Todea Laghi Cassidy Coffy Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi López Rodríguez Sanchez Noè Quarracino Angelini Mahony Posadas Ocampo Bevilacqua Saldarini Daly Ruini Korec Schwery Sterzinsky del Mestri Dezza 1994 Sfeir Vlk Poggi Shirayanagi Fagiolo Furno Oviedo Cavada Winning Suárez Rivera Ortega y Calamino Darmaatmadja Schotte Eyt Agustoni Wamala Keeler Vargas Alzamora Turcotte Carles Gordó Maida Puljić Razafindratandra Tụng Sandoval Íñiguez Echeverría Ruiz Świątek Tonini Koliqi Congar Grillmeier 1998 Medina Estévez Bovone Castrillón Hoyos Antonelli Stafford De Giorgi Fernandes de Araújo Rouco Varela Ambrozic Balland Tettamanzi Pengo Schönborn Rivera Carrera George Shan Kuo-hsi Kozłowiecki Cheli Colasuonno Monduzzi Jaworski Pujats 2001 Re Thuận Cacciavillan Sebastiani Grocholewski Saraiva Martins Sepe Mejía Daoud Pompedda Kasper Degenhardt González Zumárraga Dias Majella Agnelo Rubiano Sáenz McCarrick Connell Bačkis Errázuriz Ossa Terrazas Sandoval Napier Rodríguez Maradiaga Agré Billé Velasco Cipriani Thorne Álvarez Martínez Hummes Vithayathil Bergoglio Policarpo Poletto Murphy-O'Connor Egan Huzar Lehmann Ghattas Honoré Tucci Scheffczyk Dulles 2003 Tauran Martino Marchisano Herranz Casado Lozano Barragán Hamao Nicora Scola Okogie Panafieu Zubeir Wako Amigo Vallejo Rigali O'Brien Scheid Antonelli Bertone Turkson Toppo Pell Bozanić Mẫn Quezada Toruño Barbarin Erdő Ouellet Cottier Joos Špidlík Nagy Catholic Church portal

v t e Ordinaries of the Archdiocese of Toronto Bishops of Toronto Michael Power Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel John Joseph Lynch Archbishops of Toronto John Joseph Lynch John Walsh Denis O'Connor Fergus McEvay Neil McNeil James McGuigan Philip Pocock Gerald Emmett Carter Aloysius Ambrozic Thomas Christopher Collins Frank Leo Auxiliary bishops, current John Boissoneau Ivan Camilleri Robert Kasun Vincent Nguyen Auxiliary bishops, former Timothy O'Mahony Benjamin Webster Francis Allen Francis Marrocco Thomas Fulton Leonard Wall Michael Pearse Lacey Robert Clune John Knight Nicola de Angelis Terrence Prendergast R. Anthony Meagher Richard Grecco Daniel Bohan Peter Hundt William McGrattan Wayne Kirkpatrick Bishops who served as priests in the Archdiocese Francis Carroll John O'Mara Catholicism portal The Diocese of Toronto was elevated to the status of archdiocese in 1870.

v t e Canadian cardinals Primatial See of Quebec Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau Louis-Nazaire Bégin Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve Maurice Roy Louis-Albert Vachon Marc Ouellet Gérald Lacroix Metropolitan See of Montreal Paul-Émile Léger Paul Grégoire Jean-Claude Turcotte Metropolitan See of Toronto James McGuigan Gerald Emmett Carter Aloysius Ambrozic Thomas Collins Frank Leo Exempt See of Winnipeg George Flahiff Roman Curia Édouard Gagnon Michael Czerny Titular churches Santa Maria della Vittoria (Taschereau) San Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio (Bégin) San Pietro in Montorio (Rouleau) Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (Villeneuve; Léger) Santa Maria del Popolo (McGuigan) Nostra Signora del Santissimo Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi (Roy; Grégoire; Turcotte) Santa Maria della Salute a Primavalle (Flahiff; Leo) Santa Maria in Traspontina (Carter; Ouellet) San Paolo della Croce a Corviale (Vachon) Sant'Elena fuori Porta Prenestina (Gagnon) San Marcello al Corso (Gagnon) Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano (Ambrozic) San Patrizio (Collins) San Giuseppe all'Aurelio (Lacroix) San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata (Czerny) Catholicism portal Canada portal

[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals):
- [Biography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography)
- [Catholicism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Catholicism)
- [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Canada)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gerald Emmett Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Emmett_Carter) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Emmett_Carter?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.