# Georg Nolte
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{{Short description|German jurist (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [His Excellency](/source/Excellency)
| name = Georg Nolte
| honorific_suffix =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1959|10|3}}
| birth_place = [Bonn](/source/Bonn), North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany
| module = {{infobox academic
| child = yes
| sub_discipline = [Public international law](/source/Public_international_law)
}}
| office = Judge of the [International Court of Justice](/source/International_Court_of_Justice)
(Seat 12)
| term_start = 6 February 2021
| term_end =
| predecessor = [Giorgio Gaja](/source/Giorgio_Gaja)
| office2 = Chairman of the UN [International Law Commission](/source/International_Law_Commission)
| term_start2 = 2017
| term_end2 = 2017
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| father = [Ernst Nolte](/source/Ernst_Nolte)
}}
'''Georg Nolte''' (born 3 October 1959) is a German jurist and [Judge of the International Court of Justice](/source/Judges_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice). He is professor of [public international law](/source/public_international_law) at the [Humboldt University of Berlin](/source/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin) and has been a member of the UN's [International Law Commission](/source/International_Law_Commission) from 2007 to 2021, serving as its chairman in 2017. In [November 2020](/source/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election) he was elected [Judge of the International Court of Justice](/source/Judges_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice) by the United Nations [General Assembly](/source/United_Nations_General_Assembly) and the [Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council), and he took office on 6 February 2021.
==Career==
Nolte was born in [Bonn](/source/Bonn) to the prominent historian and philosopher [Ernst Nolte](/source/Ernst_Nolte) and Annedore Mortier. He studied law, international relations and philosophy at the [Free University of Berlin](/source/Free_University_of_Berlin) and the [University of Geneva](/source/University_of_Geneva) from 1977 to 1983. From 1984 to 1990, he was a junior fellow at the [Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law](/source/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_Public_Law_and_International_Law) in Heidelberg, and earned his doctorate in law at [Heidelberg University](/source/Heidelberg_University) in 1991 with the dissertation ''Defamation Law in Democratic States'', a comparative analysis of Germany, the United States and the jurisprudence of the [European Convention on Human Rights](/source/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights). After holding visiting fellowships at [Leipzig University](/source/Leipzig_University) and [New York University School of Law](/source/New_York_University_School_of_Law) from 1990 to 1992, he was a senior fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law from 1992 to 1999, and earned his [habilitation](/source/habilitation) in 1998 with the book ''Intervention upon Invitation'' on the use of force by foreign troops in internal conflicts.[[https://nolte.rewi.hu-berlin.de/gn/cv?lang=en Biography of Georg Nolte] (Humboldt University)]
Between 1999 and 2004, he held the chair of public international law at the [University of Göttingen](/source/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen), and was Dean of the Faculty of Law in 2004. From 2004 to 2008, he held the chair in public international law at [LMU Munich](/source/LMU_Munich), in succession to [Bruno Simma](/source/Bruno_Simma). In 2008, he succeeded [Christian Tomuschat](/source/Christian_Tomuschat) as holder of the chair of public international law at the [Humboldt University of Berlin](/source/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin). He is also head of the Center for Global Constitutionalism at the [WZB Berlin Social Science Center](/source/WZB_Berlin_Social_Science_Center).
In 2000, he was commissioned by the [Ministry of Defence](/source/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)) to lead a study comparing European systems of [military law](/source/military_law), against the backdrop of the European Union's efforts to create the [Common Security and Defence Policy](/source/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy); the study resulted in the book ''European Military Law Systems'' (2003; also published in German in 2002). Nolte wrote in the foreword that the prospect of establishing [European armed forces](/source/European_army) required a better understanding of the national military legal systems of the member states.[Georg Nolte (2003). "Foreword," ''European Military Law Systems''. Berlin: DeGruyter Recht]
Since the turn of the century, he has been a visiting fellow at [All Souls College, Oxford](/source/All_Souls_College%2C_Oxford) from 2003 to 2004, a visiting professor at the [Panthéon-Assas University](/source/Panth%C3%A9on-Assas_University) in 2004 and a visiting fellow at [Princeton University](/source/Princeton_University)'s Law and Public Affairs Program from 2013 to 2014. From 2000 to 2007, he was a member of the [Council of Europe](/source/Council_of_Europe)'s European Commission for Democracy through Law, the [Venice Commission](/source/Venice_Commission). He has been a member of the German Foreign Office's advisory council on public international law since 2006.[{{cite web |url=http://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/press-releases/2011/111117_20ILC_20election.html |title=The Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations New York - Press Release: Election of members to the International Law Commission (ILC) |publisher=New-york-un.diplo.de |date= |accessdate=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033429/http://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/press-releases/2011/111117_20ILC_20election.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}] Within the ILC, he founded and chairs the study group on "Treaties over Time."[{{cite web|url=http://legal.un.org/ilc/guide/1_11.htm |title=International Law Commission - Analytical Guide: Treaties over time/Subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to interpretation of treaties |publisher=legal.un.org |accessdate=18 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223047/http://legal.un.org/ilc/guide/1_11.htm |archivedate=19 October 2013 }}] In 2017 he was elected chairperson of the ILC.[{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/cahdi/-/presentation-of-mr-georg-nolte-chairperson-of-the-international-law-commission-ilc-during-the-54th-meeting-of-the-cahdi |title=Presentation of Mr Georg Nolte, Chairperson of the International Law Commission (ILC), during the 54th meeting of the CAHDI|date= |accessdate=16 May 2018}}]
He was President of the German Society of International Law from 2013 to 2017. He was elected as a member of the [Institut de Droit International](/source/Institut_de_Droit_International) in 2019.[[https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2020_619_E.pdf Biography of Georg Nolte], [UN Security Council](/source/UN_Security_Council)]
===Judge of the International Court of Justice===
On 12 November 2020, Nolte was [elected](/source/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election) Judge of the [International Court of Justice](/source/International_Court_of_Justice), with 160 out of 193 votes cast in the [United Nations General Assembly](/source/United_Nations_General_Assembly)[{{Cite web|title=General Assembly, in Second Secret Ballot Round, Elects Five Judges to Serve Nine-Year-Long Terms on International Court of Justice {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/ga12285.doc.htm|access-date=14 November 2020|website=www.un.org}}] and 14 out of 15 votes cast in the [Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council).[{{Cite web|title=Security Council Elects 5 Judges to International Court of Justice after Single Round of Voting {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sc14357.doc.htm|access-date=14 November 2020|website=www.un.org}}] He started his nine-year term on 6 February 2021.[{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=United Nations General Assembly and Security Council elect five Members of the Court|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/press-releases/0/000-20201113-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 November 2020|website=International Court of Justice}}] Foreign Minister [Heiko Maas](/source/Heiko_Maas) said Nolte is "one of the world's most renowned international legal scholars."[[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/newsroom/-/2416254 Außenminister Maas zur Wahl von Professor Georg Nolte zum Richter am Internationalen Gerichtshof], Foreign Office]
==Selected works==
* ''Intervention upon Invitation: Use of Force by Foreign Troops in Internal Conflicts at the Invitation of a Government under International Law'', [Springer](/source/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media), 1999; published in German with an English summary (German title: ''Eingreifen auf Einladung: Zur völkerrechtlichen Zulässigkeit des Einsatzes fremder Truppen im internen Konflikt auf Einladung der Regierung'')
*''United States Hegemony and the Foundations of International Law'', ed. with Michael Byers, [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press), 2003
*''European Military Law Systems'', [De Gruyter](/source/De_Gruyter), 2003; also published in German the previous year
*''European and US Constitutionalism'', ed., [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press), 2005
*''Le droit international face au défi américain'', ed., Cours et travaux de l'IHEI de Paris, Pedone, 2005
*''Peace through International Law: The Role of the International Law Commission'', ed. [Springer](/source/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media), 2009
*''The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary'', ed. with Bruno Simma, Daniel-Erasmus Khan and Andreas Paulus, Oxford Commentaries on International Law, [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press), 2012
*''Treaties and Subsequent Practice'', ed., [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press), 2013
*''The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts: Uniformity, Diversity, Convergence'', ed. with Helmut Philipp Aust, [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press), 2016
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=4.1/REL?PPN=123583209 Literature by Georg Nolte in the catalogue of the German National Library]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://nolte.jura.hu-berlin.de/index.php Official Homepage, Humboldt-University Berlin]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071130053210/http://www.jura.uni-muenchen.de/personen/nolte_georg/lebenslauf/lebenslauf_e_neu/index.html Homepage, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nolte, Georg}}
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Jurists from North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:International law scholars
Category:Heidelberg University alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Category:Academic staff of LMU Munich
Category:Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Category:Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law people
Category:German legal scholars
Category:German officials of the United Nations
Category:People from Bonn
Category:Members of the Institut de Droit International
Category:International Court of Justice judges
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Georg Nolte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Nolte) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Nolte?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.