# Georg Boldt

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**Georg Didrik Boldt** (24 August 1862 – 21 June 1918[1]) was a [Finnish](/source/Finland) [philosopher of religion](/source/Philosopher_of_religion) who was known as a [socialist](/source/Socialism) and [tolstoyan](/source/Tolstoyanism).

## Life

Boldt entered the [University of Helsinki](/source/University_of_Helsinki) in 1880. After earning his doctorate in 1902 on the dissertation on the relation between [Immanuel Kant](/source/Immanuel_Kant) and [protestantism](/source/Protestantism), Boldt moved to [Turku](/source/Turku) where he worked as a teacher.[1] In the early 1900s, Boldt was interested in socialism. He was a member of the Swedish-speaking socialist group, publishing the 1908 established newspaper *[Arbetet](/source/Arbetet)*. Other key members included the businessmen [Walter Borg](/source/Walter_Borg) and [Ivar Hörhammer](/source/Ivar_H%C3%B6rhammer), trade unionist [William Lundberg](/source/William_Lundberg), the newspapermen [Axel Åhlström](/source/Axel_%C3%85hlstr%C3%B6m) and [K. H. Wiik](/source/K._H._Wiik), and the university student [Allan Wallenius](/source/Allan_Wallenius).[2]

Boldt strongly criticized the state, conservative society and the established religious authorities. According to Boldt, the Christian leaders like [Paul](/source/Paul_the_Apostle) and [Augustine](/source/Augustine_of_Hippo) had distorted the words of [Jesus Christ](/source/Jesus_Christ). Boldt was influenced by the renaissance philosophers like [Thomas More](/source/Thomas_More) and [Tommaso Campanella](/source/Tommaso_Campanella). He was also familiar with [Petr Kropotkin](/source/Petr_Kropotkin) and [Mikhail Bakunin](/source/Mikhail_Bakunin), although did not support [anarchism](/source/Anarchism), and was particularly interested on the pacifist philosophy of [Leo Tolstoy](/source/Leo_Tolstoy).[2]

When the [Finnish Civil War](/source/Finnish_Civil_War) broke out in January 1918, Boldt opposed the armed revolution and condemned the violent actions of the local [Red Guard](/source/Red_Guards_(Finland)). As Germany [invaded](/source/Invasion_of_%C3%85land) [Åland](/source/%C3%85land) in early March, Boldt and William Lundberg had negotiations with the Germans of their potential actions against the Red controlled Turku. The Reds finally left the town on 12 April. Boldt fled to [Helsinki](/source/Helsinki), where he was captured in late May. As a keen pacifist, Boldt was shocked by the atrocities of both sides of the war. After having a nervous breakdown, Boldt was taken into a mental institution, where he died in June 1918.[3][4]

## Family

Boldt was born to the family of the general Johan Didrik Boldt and Anna Christina Frosterus, who was the daughter of the bishop [Robert Frosterus](/source/Robert_Frosterus). His brothers were the local historian [Robert Boldt](/source/Robert_Boldt) (1861–1923), the anarchist [Jean Boldt](/source/Jean_Boldt) (1865–1920) and the author [Alexander Boldt](/source/Alexander_Boldt) (1873–1956). Boldt was married with Hildur Katarina Karlsson in 1906.[1] Their son was the military officer Lauri Boldt (1910–1982), commanding the Finnish troops participating the [United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus](/source/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus) in the 1960s.[5]

## Works

- *Protestantismens idé och Immanuel Kant* (1900)
- *Vid orkanens utbrott : en återblick* (1910)
- *Franska revolutionen : den nya tidens prolog* (1912)
- *En teologisk polemik mellan ärkebiskop och överlärare i religion* (1913)
- *Solkorset och korset på Golgata* (1915)
- *Platon (ett föredrag)* (1915)

## References

1. ["BOLDT, Georg Didrik"](https://ylioppilasmatrikkeli.helsinki.fi/1853-1899/henkilo.php?id=20704) (in Finnish). *Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1853–1899*. University of Helsinki. 2003. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

1. Lahtinen, Rauno (2016). *Punainen Turku 1917–1918*. Turku: Sammakko. ISBN 978-952-48332-5-7.

1. Chrispinsson, John (2014). [*Den glömda historien : om svenska öden och äventyr i öster under tusen år*](https://books.google.com/books?id=IWFQAgAAQBAJ&q=georg+boldt+arbetet&pg=PT63) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts. ISBN 978-911-30685-4-1.

1. Schoolfield, George C. (1998). [*A History of Finland's Literature*](https://books.google.com/books?id=J9Dctlzud-EC). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 442. ISBN 978-080-32418-9-3.

1. Bärlund, Börje (22 April 2016). ["Något gick fel i EU-projektet"](http://arbetarbladet.fi/borje-barlund-nagot-gick-fel-i-eu-projektet/) (in Swedish). Arbetarbladet. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Georg Boldt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Boldt) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Boldt?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.