# Geomitridae

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This article is about a mollusc family. For the insect family, see [Geometridae](/source/Geometridae).

**Geomitridae** is a [taxonomic](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of small to medium-sized air-breathing [land snails](/source/Land_snail), [terrestrial](/source/Terrestrial_molluscs) [pulmonate](/source/Pulmonate) [gastropod](/source/Gastropod) [mollusks](/source/Mollusk) in the superfamily [Helicoidea](/source/Helicoidea).[1][2]

## Anatomy

The family is characterized by the presence of a free right ommatophoral retractor (passing outside the peni-oviducal angle) and a double stimulatory apparatus.[1] A free right ommatophoral retractor has been linked to adaptation to [xeric](/source/Xeric) habitats.[3]

## Taxonomy

The family Geomitridae is subdivided in the following subfamilies (according to Razkin *et al.*, 2015[1]). Genera with the family Geomitridae include:[1][4]

Family **Geomitridae**

- Not belonging to a subfamily: - *[Keraea](/source/Keraea)* Gude, 1911 - *[Peridotitea](/source/Peridotitea)* Torres Alba, Holyoak, D. T., Holyoak, G. A., Vázquez Toro & Ripoll, 2018

- Subfamily **Geomitrinae** - tribe [Cochlicellini](/source/Cochlicellini) Schileyko, 1972 - *[Cochlicella](/source/Cochlicella)* [Férussac](/source/Andr%C3%A9_%C3%89tienne_d'Audebert_de_F%C3%A9russac), 1821 - *[Monilearia](/source/Monilearia)* Mousson, 1872 - *[Obelus](/source/Obelus_(gastropod))* W. Hartmann, 1842 - *[Ripkeniella](/source/Ripkeniella)* Hutterer & E. Gittenberger, 1998 - tribe [Geomitrini](/source/Geomitrini) C. Boettger, 1909 - synonym: Ochthephilinae Zilch, 1960 (n.a.) - *[Actinella](/source/Actinella)* R. T. Lowe, 1852[5] - *[Callina](/source/Callina)* R. T. Lowe, 1855 - *[Caseolus](/source/Caseolus)* R. T. Lowe, 1852[5] - *[Discula](/source/Discula)* R. T. Lowe, 1852[5] - *[Disculella](/source/Disculella)* Pilsbry, 1895[5] - *[Domunculifex](/source/Domunculifex)* Brozzo, De Mattia, Harl & Neiber, 2020 - *[Geomitra](/source/Geomitra)* Swainson, 1840[5] - *[Helicomela](/source/Helicomela)* R. T. Lowe, 1855 - *Heterostoma* W. Hartmann, 1843:[5] synonym of *[Steenbergia](/source/Steenbergia)* Mandahl-Barth, 1950 (invalid: junior homonym of *Heterostoma* de Filippi, 1837 [Platyhelminthes]) - *[Hystricella](/source/Hystricella)* R. T. Lowe, 1855[5] - *[Lemniscia](/source/Lemniscia)* R. T. Lowe, 1855[5] - *[Moreletina](/source/Moreletina)* de Frias Martins, 2002[5] - *[Plebecula](/source/Plebecula)* R. T. Lowe, 1852 - *[Pseudocampylaea](/source/Pseudocampylaea)* L. Pfeiffer, 1877[5] - *[Serratorotula](/source/Serratorotula)* Groh & Hemmen, 1986[5] - *[Spirorbula](/source/Spirorbula)* R. T. Lowe, 1852[5] - *[Steenbergia](/source/Steenbergia)* Mandahl-Barth, 1950 - *[Testudodiscula](/source/Testudodiscula)* Brozzo, De Mattia, Harl & Neiber, 2020 - *[Wollastonaria](/source/Wollastonaria)* De Mattia, Neiber & Groh, 2018 - tribe [Ponentinini](/source/Ponentinini) Razkin *et al.*, 2015 - *[Ponentina](/source/Ponentina)* P. Hesse, 1921

- subfamily **Helicellinae** - tribe [Cernuellini](/source/Cernuellini) Schileyko, 1991 - *[Alteniella](/source/Alteniella)* Clerx & Gittenberger, 1977 - *[Cernuella](/source/Cernuella)* Schlüter, 1838 - *[Microxeromagna](/source/Microxeromagna)* Ortiz de Zárate López, 1950 - *[Xeroplana](/source/Xeroplana)* Monterosato, 1892 - *[Xerosecta](/source/Xerosecta)* [Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1892 - tribe [Helicellini](/source/Helicellini) Ihering, 1909 - synonym: Jacostidae Pilsbry, 1948 (inv.) - *[Backeljaia](/source/Backeljaia)* Chueca *et al*., 2018 - *[Candidula](/source/Candidula)* Kobelt, 1871 - *[Helicella](/source/Helicella)* Férussac, 1821 - *[Orexana](/source/Orexana)* Chueca *et al*., 2018 - *[Xerogyra](/source/Xerogyra)* [Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1892 - *[Xeroleuca](/source/Xeroleuca)* Kobelt, 1877 - *[Xeroplexa](/source/Xeroplexa)* [Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1892 - *[Xerotricha](/source/Xerotricha)* [Monterosato](/source/Tommaso_Di_Maria_Allery_Monterosato), 1892 - *[Zarateana](/source/Zarateana)* Chueca *et al*., 2018 - tribe [Helicopsini](/source/Helicopsini) H. Nordsieck, 1987 - *[Helicopsis](/source/Helicopsis)* Fitzinger, 1833 - *[Pseudoxerophila](/source/Pseudoxerophila)* Westerlund, 1879 - *[Xerolenta](/source/Xerolenta)* Monterosato, 1892 - *[Xeromunda](/source/Xeromunda)* Monterosato, 1892 - *[Xeropicta](/source/Xeropicta)* Monterosato, 1892 - tribe [Plentuisini](/source/Plentuisini) Razkin *et al.*, 2015 - *[Plentuisa](/source/Plentuisa)* Puente & Prieto, 1992 - tribe [Trochoideini](/source/Trochoideini) H. Nordsieck, 1987 - *[Trochoidea](/source/Trochoidea_(genus))* T. Brown, 1827 - *[Xerocrassa](/source/Xerocrassa)* Monterosato, 1892

## References

1. Razkin, Oihana; Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín Juán; Prieto, Carlos Enrique; Martínez-Ortí, Alberto; Arrébola, José Ramón; Muñoz, Benito; Chueca, Luis Javier; Madeira, María José (February 2015). "Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **83**: 99–117. [doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014). [PMID 25485783](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25485783)

1. ["WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Geomitridae C. R. Boettger, 1909"](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994707). *www.marinespecies.org*. Retrieved 2024-09-05.

1. Giusti, F & Manganelli, G (1987). "Notulae malacologicae, XXXVI. On some Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea) living in Sardinia and in Corsica.(Studies on the Sardinian and Corsican malacofauna VI)". *Bollettino Malacologico*. **23**: 123–206.

1. Chueca, Luis J.; Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín J.; Madeira, María José; Pfenninger, Markus (January 2018). "Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **118**: 357–368. [doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022). [ISSN 1055-7903](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1055-7903). [PMID 29107619](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107619)

1. ["Geomitrini"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121015003220/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=428859). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 4 August 2011.

- Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Geomitridae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomitridae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomitridae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.