# Geometric modeling kernel

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Geometric_modeling_kernel
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Geometric_modeling_kernel.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel
> Source revision: 1352719041
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{short description|3D modeling software component}}

A '''geometric modeling kernel''' is a [solid modeling](/source/solid_modeling) software component used in [computer-aided design](/source/computer-aided_design) (CAD) packages.<ref>{{cite web
  | last = Tyrka
  | first = Katherine
  | title = Kernel strategies
  | publisher = Design News
  | date = 2001-12-01
  | url = http://www.designnews.com/article/CA155479.html
  | access-date = 2006-12-28
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203719/http://www.designnews.com/article/CA155479.html
  | archive-date = 2007-09-27
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
  | last = Shah
  | first = Jami
  | author-link = Jami Shah
  | title = Parametric and Feature-Based CAD/CAM 
  | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  | date = 2004-06-27
  | isbn = 0-471-00214-3
  | page = 449 }}</ref> Available modelling kernels include:

*[ACIS](/source/ACIS) is developed and licensed by [Spatial Corp](/source/Spatial_Corp)oration of [Dassault Systèmes](/source/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes).
*SMLib is developed by [Solid Modeling Solutions](/source/Solid_Modeling_Solutions).<ref>[http://smlib.com/ SMLib]</ref>
*Convergence Geometric Modeler<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3dcadworld.com/spatial-acis-cgm-and-the-future-of-geometric-modeling-kernels/|title=Spatial, ACIS, CGM, and the future of geometric modelers|last=Yares|first=Evan|publisher=3D CAD World|access-date=18 May 2013}}</ref> is developed by [Dassault Systèmes](/source/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes).
*[Parasolid](/source/Parasolid) is developed and licensed by [Siemens](/source/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software).
*[Romulus](/source/Romulus_(b-rep_solid_modeler)) was a predecessor to Parasolid.
* [ShapeManager](/source/ShapeManager)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autodesk.de/adsk/servlet/item?linkID=411015&id=3774381&siteID=403786 |title=Autodesk - Produktivität, Performance und Präzision: Neue Version der Autodesk Inventor-Familie |website=www.autodesk.de |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315200548/http://www.autodesk.de/adsk/servlet/item?linkID=411015&id=3774381&siteID=403786 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is developed by [Autodesk](/source/Autodesk) and was forked from [ACIS](/source/ACIS) in 2001.
* Granite<ref>{{cite web
  |title=GRANITE Interoperability Kernel FAQ
  |url=http://www.ptc.com/products/granite/faq.htm
  |publisher=PTC Inc.
  |access-date=18 May 2013
  |archive-date=3 July 2013
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703092253/http://www.ptc.com/products/granite/faq.htm
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref> is developed by [Parametric Technology Corporation](/source/Parametric_Technology_Corporation).
*[C3D Modeler](/source/C3D_Toolkit) is developed by C3D Labs, part of the [ASCON Group](/source/ASCON).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isicad.net/articles.php?article_num=16062|title=Geometric Kernels and Irremovability of Presidents from Office|last=Levin|first=David|publisher=LEDAS Ltd.|access-date=April 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Yares|first=Evan|date=April 2013|title=Russian CAD|url=http://www.designworld-digital.com/designworld/april_2013#pg61|journal=Design World|publisher=WTWH Media, LLC|volume=8|issue=4|issn=1941-7217|access-date=2015-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130142747/http://www.designworld-digital.com/designworld/april_2013#pg61|archive-date=2015-01-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[CGAL](/source/CGAL) is an [open-source](/source/Open-source_software) Computational Geometry Algorithms Library which has support for Boolean operations on Polyhedra; but no sweep, revolve or [NURBS](/source/NURBS).
*[Open CASCADE](/source/Open_CASCADE) is an [open-source](/source/Open-source_software) modeling kernel.
*sgCore is a freeware proprietary modeling kernel distributed as an SDK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geometros.com/index.html|title=Geometros Solid Geometry Engine for C++, C#, Objective-C, Java - sgCore|website=www.geometros.com|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref>
* [K3 kernel](/source/K3_kernel)<ref>{{cite web
  |title=About the developer
  |url=http://k3-tent.com/about-the-developer.html
  |publisher=Innovation and research center "GeoS"
  |access-date=9 August 2016
  |archive-date=9 July 2016
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709045028/http://k3-tent.com/about-the-developer.html
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref> is developed by [Center GeoS](/source/Center_GeoS).
* [SOLIDS++](/source/SOLIDS%2B%2B)<ref>{{cite web
  |title=SOLIDS++
  |url=http://www.integrityware.com/solids.html
  |publisher=IntegrityWare, Inc.
  |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> is developed by IntegrityWare, Inc.
* [APM Engine](/source/APM_Engine)<ref>{{cite web
  |title=APM Studio
  |url=http://apm.ru/produkti/programmnie_kompleksi/APM_WinMachine/APM_Studio/
  |publisher=Research and Software Development Centre APM
  |access-date=18 August 2016
  |archive-date=20 August 2016
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820002222/http://apm.ru/produkti/programmnie_kompleksi/APM_WinMachine/APM_Studio/
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |title=Геометрическое ядро APM Engine
  |url=http://www.sapr.ru/Article.aspx?id=6985
  |publisher=sapr
  |access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |title=На ядре
  |url=http://isicad.ru/ru/articles.php?article_num=14210
  |publisher=isicad 
  |access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> is developed by [RSDC APM](/source/RSDC_APM).
* [KCM](/source/Kubotek_Kosmos_(KCM))<ref>{{cite web
  |title=3D Software Development with Kubotek Kosmos
  |url=http://www.kubotekkosmos.com/products/3d_framework
  |publisher=Kubotek Kosmos
  |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> is developed and licensed by Kubotek Kosmos<ref>{{cite web
  |title=Kubotek Kosmos Announces the 5.0 Release of its 3D Framework Modeling Kernel
  |url=https://www.abc27.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/627758543/kubotek-kosmos-announces-the-5-0-release-of-its-3d-framework-modeling-kernel/
  |publisher=EIN Presswire
  |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref>
*SvLis Geometric Kernel became opensource and discontinued, for Windows only.
*IRIT modeling environment, for Windows only.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~irit/|title=The IRIT modeling environment - Home Page|website=www.cs.technion.ac.il|access-date=2019-10-02|archive-date=2019-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019160343/http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~irit/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*GTS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gts.sourceforge.net/|title=GTS - The GNU Triangulated Surface Library|website=gts.sourceforge.net|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref> GNU Triangulated Surface Library, for polygon meshes only and not surfaces.
*[Russian Geometric Kernel](/source/Russian_Geometric_Kernel).
*[Geometry Kernel](/source/Geometry_Kernel),<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://rdf.bg/downloads-all/geometry-kernel-downloads/
|title=Geometry Kernel Library Packages 
|publisher=RDF
|website=www.rdf.bg
|language=en}}</ref> a multi-platform C++ library with source code accessible for clients, developed and distributed by RDF - [http://rdf.bg/product-list/geometry-kernel/ Geometry Kernel web site].
* [SolveSpace](/source/SolveSpace) has its own integrated parametric solid geometry kernel with a limited NURBS support.

== Kernel market ==
The kernel market currently is dominated by [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid) and [ACIS](/source/ACIS), which were introduced in the late 1980s. The latest kernel to enter the market is [KCM](/source/Kubotek_Kosmos_(KCM)). [ShapeManager](/source/ShapeManager) has no presence in the kernel licensing market and in 2001 [Autodesk](/source/Autodesk) clearly stated they were not going into this business.{{fact|date=April 2022}}

The world's newest geometric modeling kernel is [Russian Geometric Kernel](/source/Russian_Geometric_Kernel) owned by the Russian government, and it is not clear if it is going to be commercially available, despite offering unique features over the other kernels on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isicad.net/articles.php?article_num=16135 |title=Russian 3D-kernel RGK: Functionality, Advantages, and Integration |website=Isicad.net |date=2013-05-24 |access-date=2016-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gfxspeak.com/2013/06/06/does-the-cad-world-need-another-geometry-kernel/ |title=Does the CAD world need another geometry kernel? |website=gfxspeak.com |date=2013-06-06 |access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |title=Features of RGK
  |url=http://rgkernel.com/features-of-rgk.html
  |publisher= RGK
  |access-date= 15 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |title= Вопрос распараллеливания в разработке ядра геометрического моделирования
  |url= https://www.singularis-lab.com/docs/materials/05_Shapovalov_RGK_CKA.pdf
  |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221103151739/https://www.singularis-lab.com/docs/materials/05_Shapovalov_RGK_CKA.pdf
  |url-status= dead
  |archive-date= November 3, 2022
  |publisher= Singularis Lab
  |access-date= 15 August 2016
  }}</ref>

== Kernel developers ==

The table below contains a representative list of developers developing their own kernel or licensing the kernel from a third-party.<ref>{{cite web
  |last = Ushakov 
  |first  = Dmitry 
  |title = Russian National 3D Kernel
  |url = http://isicad.net/articles.php?article_num=15189
  |publisher = LEDAS Ltd.
  |access-date = April 3, 2012}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%; width: auto; table-layout: fixed;"
|-
! Platforms
! Domain
! Kernel
! Application
! Developed by
! Country
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards) 
| <!-- Kernel -->[Open CASCADE](/source/Open_CASCADE_Technology)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.4msa.com/intelliCADENG.html 4MCAD IntelliCAD]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.4msa.com/ 4M S.A.]
| <!-- Country --> Greece
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS) / [http://www.kubotekkosmos.com/products/3d_framework KCM]
| <!-- Application --> [KeyCreator](/source/KeyCreator)
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.kubotekkosmos.com/ Kubotek Kosmos]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://kompas.ru/ KOMPAS-3D]
| <!-- Developer --> [ASCON Group](/source/ASCON)
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [AEC](/source/CAD_standards) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://kompas-spds.ru/ KOMPAS-Builder]
| <!-- Developer --> [ASCON Group](/source/ASCON)
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
|<!-- Kernel -->[C3D](/source/C3D) + [K3 kernel](/source/K3_kernel)
| <!-- Application --> [http://k3-mebel.ru/ K3-Furniture]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.k3info.ru/ Center GeoS]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [AEC](/source/CAD_standards) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://rengacad.com/en/ Renga Architecture]<ref>{{cite web
  | title = Renga Architecture
  | publisher = ASCON Group
  | date = 2015-03-17
  | url = http://ascon.net/main/news/items/?news=2046
  | access-date = 2015-03-19
  | archive-date = 2015-04-02
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095332/http://ascon.net/main/news/items/?news=2046
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  | title = Renga Architecture is brand-new AEC software by an MCAD vendor
  | publisher = WorldCAD Access
  | date = 2015-03-13
  | url = http://www.worldcadaccess.com/blog/2015/03/renga-architecture-is-brand-new-aec-software-from-an-mcad-vendor.html}}</ref>
| <!-- Developer --> [ASCON Group](/source/ASCON)
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
|<!-- Platforms -->[iPad](/source/iPad), [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/shapr-3d-modellierungs-cad/id1091675654 Shapr3D]
| <!-- Developer --> Shapr3D zrt.
| <!-- Country --> Hungary
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system))
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ascon.kompasviewer&hl=en KOMPAS:24]
| <!-- Developer --> [ASCON Group](/source/ASCON)
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D Modeler](/source/C3D) for [Teigha Platform](/source/Open_Design_Alliance) / [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.nanocad.com/ nanoCAD Plus]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.nanocad.com/ NanoSoft]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.tflex.ru/ T-FLEX]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.tflex.ru/ Top Systems]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> APM Engine
| <!-- Application --> [http://apm.ru/ APM Studio]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://apm.ru/ APM]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.tehtran.com/ TECHTRAN]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.nipinfor.ru/en/eabout/ NIP-Informatic]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.truboprovod.ru/en/cad/soft/passat.shtml PASSAT]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.truboprovod.ru/en/news/news.shtml NTP Truboprovod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207095744/http://www.truboprovod.ru/en/news/news.shtml |date=2015-02-07 }}
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing)
| <!-- Kernel --> Own Kernel
| <!-- Application --> [Rhinoceros 3D](/source/Rhinoceros_3D)
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.rhino3d.com Robert McNeel and Associates]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205035625/http://www.espritextra.com/about/products/Extra_CAD/ ESPRIT Extra CAD]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.locniti.ru/ LO CNITI], [https://rubius.com/ Rubius]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [C3D](/source/C3D)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.bazissoft.ru/products/system_bazis BAZIS System]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.bazissoft.ru/ BAZIS Center]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAE](/source/Computer-aided_engineering) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.mscsoftware.com/product/adams Adams]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.mscsoftware.com/ MSC Software]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing), [CAPP](/source/Computer-aided_process_planning) 
| <!-- Kernel --> switch from [ACIS](/source/ACIS) to [C3D](/source/C3D)<ref>{{cite web
  |url=https://www.c3dlabs.com/ru/blog/customer-stories/geometricheskoe-yadro-c3d-stanet-chastyu-rossiyskoy-cam-sistemy-adem/
  |title=Геометрическое ядро C3D станет частью российской CAM-системы ADEM
  |publisher=c3dlabs.com
  |date=December 20, 2021}}</ref>
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.adem.ru/products/ ADEM]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.adem.ru/ ADEM Group]
| <!-- Country --> Russia
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAE](/source/Computer-aided_engineering) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.adina.com/adinam.shtml ADINA Modeler]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.adina.com/index.shtml ADINA R&D Inc.]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards), [GIS](/source/GIS)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ShapeManager](/source/ShapeManager)
| <!-- Application --> [AutoCAD](/source/AutoCAD)
| <!-- Developer --> [Autodesk](/source/Autodesk)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ShapeManager](/source/ShapeManager)
| <!-- Application --> [Inventor](/source/Autodesk_Inventor)
| <!-- Developer --> [Autodesk](/source/Autodesk)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [Solid Modeler](/source/Computer-aided_design) [& Machiner](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ShapeManager](/source/ShapeManager)
|<!-- Application -->[Autodesk Fusion](/source/Autodesk_Fusion)
| <!-- Developer --> [Autodesk](/source/Autodesk)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Linux](/source/Linux), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [BricsCAD](/source/BricsCAD)
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.bricsys.com/en_INTL/ Bricsys]
| <!-- Country --> Belgium
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing), [CAE](/source/Computer-aided_engineering)
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [Siemens NX](/source/Siemens_NX)
| <!-- Developer -->[Siemens Digital Industries Software](/source/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software)
| <!-- Country --> United States, Germany
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [SolidFace](/source/SolidFace)
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.solidface.com/ SolidFace]
| <!-- Country --> United States, [Brazil](/source/Brazil)
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid) (previous versions used [ACIS](/source/ACIS))
| <!-- Application --> [Solid Edge](/source/Solid_Edge)
| <!-- Developer -->[Siemens Digital Industries Software](/source/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software)
| <!-- Country --> United States, Germany
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
| <!-- Application --> [SolidWorks](/source/SolidWorks)
| <!-- Developer --> [Dassault Systèmes](/source/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes)
| <!-- Country --> United States, France
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [AEC](/source/CAD_standards) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid) (previous versions used [ACIS](/source/ACIS))
| <!-- Application --> [MicroStation](/source/MicroStation)
| <!-- Developer --> [Bentley Systems](/source/Bentley_Systems)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Unix](/source/Unix)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing), [CAE](/source/Computer-aided_engineering), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards)
| <!-- Kernel --> Convergence Geometric Modeler
| <!-- Application --> [CATIA](/source/CATIA)
| <!-- Developer --> [Dassault Systèmes](/source/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes)
| <!-- Country --> France
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [Solid Modeler](/source/Computer-aided_design)
|<!-- Kernel -->[GRANITE](/source/GRANITE)<ref name="support.ptc.com">{{Cite web|url=http://support.ptc.com/products/granite/gplugs|title = Creo GRANITE Interoperability Kernel}}</ref>
| <!-- Application -->[Creo Elements](/source/PTC_Creo_Elements%2FPro)
| <!-- Developer --> [Parametric Technology Corporation](/source/Parametric_Technology_Corporation)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
|<!-- Kernel -->[GRANITE](/source/GRANITE)<ref name="support.ptc.com"/>
| <!-- Application --> [Creo Parametric](/source/PTC_Creo)
| <!-- Developer --> [Parametric Technology Corporation](/source/Parametric_Technology_Corporation)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [SaaS](/source/Software_as_a_service)
| <!-- Domain --> [Solid Modeler](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
|<!-- Kernel -->[Parasolid](/source/Parasolid),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onshape.com/cad-blog/under-the-hood-how-does-onshape-really-work?_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9x_nAwostn44l67FSU0BbQVj7COiIjdvFvxteTqx_lmPGviQ8sZ0XIG9U-LbyUCYkHATaLL6XxJOpVNeb2mD3DbaecwA&_hsmi=64117165|title = How Does Onshape Really Work?}}</ref> [FeatureScript](/source/FeatureScript)
| <!-- Application --> [Onshape](/source/Onshape)
| <!-- Developer --> [https://www.onshape.com/ Onshape]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows), [SaaS](/source/Software_as_a_service)
| <!-- Domain --> [Solid Modeler](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [Parasolid](/source/Parasolid) & [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [IRONCAD](/source/IRONCAD)
| <!-- Developer --> [https://www.ironcad.com/ IRONCAD]
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [GstarCAD](/source/GstarCAD)
| <!-- Developer --> Suzhou Gstarsoft Co., Ltd
| <!-- Country --> China
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [AEC](/source/CAD_standards), [BIM](/source/building_information_modeling)
| <!-- Kernel --> Own Kernel
| <!-- Application --> [ArchiCAD](/source/ArchiCAD)
| <!-- Developer --> [Graphisoft](/source/Graphisoft)
| <!-- Country --> Hungary
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Linux](/source/Linux), [Mac](/source/Mac_OS)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards)
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [ZW3D](/source/ZW3D)
| <!-- Developer -->[https://www.zwsoft.com/ ZWSoft]
| <!-- Country --> China
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.cimatron.com/ Cimatron]
|<!-- Developer -->[3D Systems (Cimatron Ltd.)](/source/3D_Systems_(Cimatron_Ltd.))
| <!-- Country --> Israel
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
| <!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.spaceclaim.com/en/Support/FAQ/General_FAQ.aspx?fss=General%20Questions#652|title = SpaceClaim General FAQ}}</ref>
| <!-- Application --> [SpaceClaim](/source/SpaceClaim)
| <!-- Developer --> [ANSYS Inc](/source/ANSYS_Inc)
| <!-- Country --> United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design) 
|<!-- Kernel -->[European Solid Modeller ESM](/source/European_Solid_Modeller_ESM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isdgroup.com/de/|title = Software für 2D-/3D-CAD und PDM &#124; HiCAD und HELiOS}}</ref>
| <!-- Application --> [HiCAD](/source/HiCAD)
|<!-- Developer -->[ISD Group](/source/ISD_Group)
| <!-- Country --> German
|-
|<!-- Platforms -->[Mac, Windows](/source/Windows)
|<!-- Domain --> [MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
|<!-- Kernel --> [ACIS](/source/ACIS)<ref name=":0" />
|<!-- Application -->[http://www.ashlar.com/3d-modeling/3d-modeling-cobalt-features.html Cobalt], Xenon, Argon
|<!-- Developer -->[Ashlar](/source/ISD_Group)
|<!-- Country -->United States
|-
| <!-- Platforms --> [Windows](/source/Windows), [Linux](/source/Linux)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD Optimization](/source/Computer-aided_design)
| <!-- Kernel --> Own Kernel<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caeses.com/products/caeses/|title=CAESES Software › CAESES}}</ref>
| <!-- Application --> [http://www.caeses.com/ CAESES]
| <!-- Developer --> [http://www.friendship-systems.com/ Friendship Systems]
| <!-- Country --> Germany
|-
| <!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows), [macOS](/source/macOS), [Linux](/source/Linux), 
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/Computer-aided_design), [CAM](/source/Computer-aided_manufacturing), [BIM](/source/building_information_modeling)
| <!-- Kernel -->[Open Cascade](/source/Open_Cascade_Technology), [Coin3D](/source/Coin3D), 
| <!-- Application --> [FreeCAD](/source/FreeCAD)
| <!-- Developer -->[https://www.freecadweb.org/ FreeCAD]
| <!-- Country --> 
|-
| <!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows), [macOS](/source/macOS), [Linux](/source/Linux), [iOS](/source/iOS), [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system))
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/CAD), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards), [BIM](/source/building_information_modeling)
|<!-- Kernel -->[Geometry Kernel](/source/Geometry_Kernel)
|<!-- Application -->[IFCEngine](/source/IFCEngine), [STEPEngine](/source/STEPEngine)
| <!-- Developer -->[http://www.rdf.bg/ RDF ]
| <!-- Country --> Bulgaria
|-
| <!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/CAD), [AEC](/source/CAD_standards)
|<!-- Kernel -->[Overdrive](/source/Overdrive_(kernel))
|<!-- Application -->[ZW3D](/source/ZW3D), [ZWCAD](/source/ZWCAD_(software))
| <!-- Developer -->[https://www.zwsoft.com/product/zw3d ZWSoft]
| <!-- Country --> China
|-
| <!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows)
| <!-- Domain --> [CAD](/source/CAD), [Reverse Engineering](/source/Reverse_Engineering)
| <!-- Kernel -->[ACIS](/source/ACIS)
| <!-- Application --> [https://www.zeiss.com/metrology/products/software/reverse-engineering.html Zeiss Reverse Engineering]
| <!-- Developer -->[https://www.zeiss.com/metrology/about-us.html ZEISS Industrial Metrology]
| <!-- Country --> Germany
|-
|<!-- Platforms -->[Windows](/source/Windows), [macOS](/source/macOS), [Linux](/source/Linux)
|<!-- Domain -->[MCAD](/source/Computer-aided_design)
|<!-- Kernel -->[Parasolid](/source/Parasolid)
|<!-- Application -->[Plasticity](/source/ZWCad)
|<!-- Developer -->[Plastic Software, LLC](/source/3D_Systems_(Cimatron_Ltd.))
|<!-- Country -->United States
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{CAD software}}

Category:3D graphics software
Category:Computer-aided design

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Geometric modeling kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.