# General Motors 122 engine

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Reciprocating internal combustion engine

General Motors 122 engine Overview Manufacturer General Motors Production 1982–2003 Layout Configuration Naturally aspirated straight-four engine Displacement 1.8 L (1,841 cc; 112.3 cu in) 2.0 L (1,991 cc; 121.5 cu in) 2.2 L (2,189 cc; 133.6 cu in) Cylinder bore 89 mm (3.5 in) Piston stroke 74 mm (2.91 in) 80 mm (3.15 in) 88 mm (3.46 in) Cylinder block material Cast iron Cylinder head material Cast iron (1982–1986) Aluminum (1987–2003) Valvetrain OHV 2 valves × cyl. Compression ratio 9.0:1 Combustion Fuel system Rochester carburetor Throttle-body fuel injection Multi-point fuel injection Sequential multi-port FI Fuel type Gasoline, E85, LPG Oil system Wet sump Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 83–120 hp (62–89 kW) Torque output 108–140 lb⋅ft (146–190 N⋅m) Chronology Predecessor GM Iron Duke engine Successor Ecotec engine (Cars) GM Atlas engine (Trucks)

The **122 engine** was designed by [Chevrolet](/source/Chevrolet) and was used in a wide array of [General Motors](/source/General_Motors) vehicles. The *122* was similar to the first two generations of the [General Motors 60° V6 engine](/source/General_Motors_60%C2%B0_V6_engine); sharing [cylinder bore](/source/Cylinder_bore) diameters and some parts.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The *122* was available in the U.S. beginning in 1982 for the [GM J platform](/source/GM_J_platform) compact cars and [S-series](/source/Chevrolet_S-10) trucks.

For the [J-cars](/source/GM_J_platform), it evolved through 2002 when it was replaced by GM's **[Ecotec](/source/L850_engine)** line of [DOHC](/source/DOHC) [4-cylinder](/source/Straight-four_engine) engines. In the [S-10](/source/Chevrolet_S-10) related models, it evolved through 2003 and was known as the **Vortec 2200**. Production ceased consistent with the replacement of the [S-series](/source/Chevrolet_S-10) trucks with the [GMT 355](/source/GM_GMT_platform#GMT_355) sub-platform.

## Generation I

### 1.8

#### L46

The 1.8-liter pushrod engine was the first engine to power the J-body cars. Introduced with the models in 1982, the 1.8 used a two-barrel Rochester [carburetor](/source/Carburetor) and produced 88 hp (66 kW) and 100 lb⋅ft (140 N⋅m) of torque. Since peak output came on at higher RPM, [acceleration](/source/Acceleration) in these cars was quite sluggish, with a test 1982 Pontiac J2000 accelerating from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 16.3 seconds, with a [1⁄4 mile (402 m)](/source/Dragstrip) time of 20.6 seconds.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Applications:

- 1982 [Buick Skyhawk](/source/Buick_Skyhawk)

- 1982 [Cadillac Cimarron](/source/Cadillac_Cimarron)

- 1982 [Chevrolet Cavalier](/source/Chevrolet_Cavalier)

- 1982 [Oldsmobile Firenza](/source/Oldsmobile_Firenza)

- 1982 [Pontiac J2000](/source/Pontiac_J2000)

### 2.0

#### LQ5

A stroked version of the 1.8-liter engine, displacing 2.0 liters, was introduced midway through 1982, to provide more low-end power for the J-cars. This engine replaced the 1.8-liter engine altogether and had [throttle-body fuel injection](/source/Throttle-body_fuel_injection). It produced 86 hp (64 kW), and 110 lb⋅ft (150 N⋅m).

Applications:

- 1983–1986 [Buick Skyhawk](/source/Buick_Skyhawk)

- 1983–1986 [Cadillac Cimarron](/source/Cadillac_Cimarron)

- 1983–1986 [Chevrolet Cavalier](/source/Chevrolet_Cavalier)

- 1983–1986 [Oldsmobile Firenza](/source/Oldsmobile_Firenza)

- 1983–1985 [Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird](/source/Pontiac_J2000)

#### LQ2

This engine was similar to the **LQ5**, except that it used a two-barrel [carburetor](/source/Carburetor) instead of a throttle-body fuel injection system. This engine was used in the [Chevrolet S-10](/source/Chevrolet_S-10) and [GMC S-15](/source/GMC_S-15) compact pickup trucks and their [Blazer](/source/Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer) and [Jimmy](/source/GMC_Jimmy) counterparts from the fall of 1983 until the spring of 1984. It was replaced by the 2.5-liter [Tech IV](/source/GM_Iron_Duke_engine) engine in the fall of 1984 when production resumed for the 1985 model year. This engine produced 83 hp (62 kW) at 4600 rpm and 108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m) at 2400 rpm. Redline was 4750 rpm so full horsepower could never be sustained. The rear end of the S-series truck was geared so low that GM had to make the new overdrive transmission standard because with out the 4th gear this engine could only propel the truck safely to 50 mph without overheating. The trucks got 40% better gas mileage than the J-cars (all equipped with the 3 speed automatic) because of the 4 speed automatic overdrive. This engine was also the only S10 engine to have a direct-to-shaft non-clutched engine-driven fan, and wasn't ecm controlled (so it had no service engine soon light).

Applications:

- 1983–1984 [Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15](/source/Chevrolet_S-10)

- 1983–1984 [Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy](/source/Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer)

## Generation II

### 2.0

#### LL8

This engine replaced the **LQ5** and was used from 1987 until 1989. It featured throttle-body fuel injection and produced 90 hp (67 kW) and 108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m) of torque.

Applications:

- 1987–1989 [Buick Skyhawk](/source/Buick_Skyhawk)

- 1987–1989 [Chevrolet Beretta](/source/Chevrolet_Beretta)

- 1987–1989 [Chevrolet Cavalier](/source/Chevrolet_Cavalier)

- 1987–1989 [Chevrolet Corsica](/source/Chevrolet_Corsica)

- 1987–1988 [Oldsmobile Firenza](/source/Oldsmobile_Firenza)

- 1987–1989 [Pontiac Tempest](/source/Pontiac_Tempest)

### 2.2

2.2-liter OHV I4 engine

2200 OHV I4 engine

#### LM3

For the 1990 model year, GM replaced the 2.0-liter engine with a stroked version displacing 2.2 liters and using [throttle-body fuel injection](/source/Throttle-body_fuel_injection) (TBI). Commonly called the **2.2**, it produced 95 hp (71 kW) and 120 lb⋅ft (163 N⋅m) of torque.

Applications:

- 1990–1991 [Chevrolet Beretta](/source/Chevrolet_Beretta)

- 1990–1991 [Chevrolet Cavalier](/source/Chevrolet_Cavalier)

- 1990–1991 [Chevrolet Corsica](/source/Chevrolet_Corsica)

- 1990–1991 [Pontiac Tempest](/source/Pontiac_Tempest)

#### LN2

For 1992, the **2.2** received [multi-port fuel injection](/source/Multi-port_fuel_injection) (MPFI), replacing the [TBI](/source/Throttle-body_injection) version in the J-body cars and increasing power to 110 hp (82 kW) and 130 lb⋅ft (176 N⋅m) of torque. In the L-body cars, it was converted straight to Sequential Fuel Injection. In 1994, all 2.2-liter engines were updated to [sequential multi-port fuel injection](/source/Sequential_multi-port_fuel_injection) and power increased to 120 hp (89 kW), with torque increasing to 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m). The MPFI and SFI versions produced enough power to allow the **2.2** to replace the old [Pontiac](/source/Pontiac_(automobile)) [Iron Duke](/source/GM_Iron_Duke_engine) engine as the 4-cylinder offering in the S/T trucks and A-body cars. For 1996, it became known as the **Vortec 2200** in the S/T trucks.

For 1998, the engine was revised for emissions regulations and became known as the **2200**. This revision lowered power to 115 hp (86 kW) at 5000 rpm, and torque to 135 lb⋅ft (183 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm. The engine was discontinued in 2003, replaced by the 2.2-liter DOHC [Ecotec](/source/L850_engine) engine. Although it displaces 134 cu. in, the 2.2-liter OHV is still commonly referred to as the GM 122 today, and has been reputed for its simplicity, reliability, and ease of maintenance in the J-body cars and S-series trucks, and a few L-body cars. The 2003 model **LN2** is equipped with [secondary air injection](/source/Secondary_air_injection).[1]

Applications:

- 1993–1996 [Buick Century](/source/Buick_Century)

- 1992–1996 [Chevrolet Beretta](/source/Chevrolet_Beretta)

- 1992–2002 [Chevrolet Cavalier](/source/Chevrolet_Cavalier)

- 1992–1996 [Chevrolet Corsica](/source/Chevrolet_Corsica)

- 1993 [Chevrolet Lumina](/source/Chevrolet_Lumina)

- 1994-1997 [Chevrolet S-10, GMC Sonoma, and Isuzu Hombre](/source/Chevrolet_S-10)

- 1993–1994 [Grumman LLV](/source/Grumman_LLV)

- 1993–1996 [Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera](/source/Oldsmobile_Cutlass_Ciera)

- 1995–2002 [Pontiac Sunfire](/source/Pontiac_Sunfire)

#### L43

The **Vortec 2200** (RPO code **L43**) is an OHV [straight-4](/source/Straight-4) [truck](/source/Truck) engine. This engine is equipped with [secondary air injection](/source/Secondary_air_injection), and is [flex-fuel](/source/Flex-fuel) capable. It is entirely different from the [Iron Duke](/source/GM_Iron_Duke_engine), and was the last North American iteration of the [GM 122 engine](/source/GM_122_engine). The 2200 uses an iron block and aluminum two-valve cylinder head. Output is 120 hp (89 kW) at 5000 [rpm](/source/Revolutions_per_minute) and 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm. Displacement is 2.2 L; 133.6 cu in (2,189 cc) with an 89 mm × 88 mm (3.50 in × 3.46 in) bore and stroke. 2200s were built at [GM's Tonawanda engine plant](/source/Tonawanda_Engine) in [Buffalo](/source/Buffalo%2C_New_York). This engine was replaced by the **LN2** in September 2002.[2] This engine did not commonly come with an EGR valve from 1998-2002 on the S-series trucks despite earlier versions using one. Instead a block off plate is on the back of the cylinder head.

Applications:

- 1998–2002 [Chevrolet S-10, GMC Sonoma, and Isuzu Hombre](/source/Chevrolet_S-10)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["2003 Truck Engines"](http://archives.media.gm.com/division/2003_prodinfo/03_powertrain/03_truck_engine/index.html). [General Motors](/source/General_Motors). Retrieved 16 April 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Vortec 2200 2.2L L4 (LN2) Truck Engine, 2003 model year"](http://archives.media.gm.com/division/powertrain/products/engine/truckengines/2003/truck_benefits/ln2.doc) (doc). General Motors. Retrieved 16 April 2014.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [General Motors 122 engine](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:General_Motors_122_engine).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [General Motors 122 engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_122_engine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_122_engine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.