# General Command of Maynas

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{{Short description|Administrative district of the Spanish Empire}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name            = Comandancia General de Maynas
|conventional_long_name = General Command of Maynas
|common_name            = Maynas
|subdivision            = [Governorate](/source/Governorate) and [General Command](/source/Commandant-general)
|nation                 = the [Spanish Empire](/source/Spanish_Empire)
|capital                = [Moyobamba](/source/Moyobamba)<ref name=Moyobamba>{{Cite web |url=http://www.munimoyobamba.gob.pe/Historia.php |title=Historia de Moyobamba |website=Municipalidad de Moyobamba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113045312/http://www.munimoyobamba.gob.pe/Historia.php |archive-date=2010-01-13}}</ref>
|year_start             = 1802
|date_start             = 15 July
|year_end               = 1822
|date_end               = 26 April
|event_end              = Supreme Decree
|event1                 = [War of Independence](/source/War_of_Independence_of_Maynas)
|date_event1            = 1821–1822
|image_map              = Capitania de Maynas.png
|map_caption            = Map with controlled (green) and claimed (light green) territory
|era                    = [Viceroyalty of Peru](/source/Viceroyalty_of_Peru)
|image_flag             = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg
|flag                   = Flag of Spain
|p1                     = Governorate of Maynas
|flag_p1                = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg
|s1                     = Department of Quijos and Maynas
|flag_s1                = Flag of Peru (1821–1822).svg
}}
The '''General Command of Maynas'''{{efn|{{langx|es|Comandancia general de Maynas / Gobierno y comandancia general de Maynas}}. Translations in English vary, with ''General Command'' being used,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Peru and Ecuador: Notes for the History of a Frontier |last=Denegri Luna |first=Félix |publisher=[Bolsa de Valores de Lima](/source/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Lima) |year=1996 |pages=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VBNAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Invincible Jaén |last=Eguiguren |first=Luis Antonio |publisher=Torres Aguirre |year=1942 |pages=380 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyRxAAAAMAAJ |author-link=Luis A. Eguiguren}}</ref> but also translated as the '''General Commandery of Maynas'''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Time and Space: Latin American Regional Development in Historical Perspective |last=Tirado-Fabregat |first=Daniel A. |publisher=[Springer International Publishing](/source/Springer_International_Publishing) |year=2020 |isbn=9783030475536 |pages=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id= |last2=Badia-Miró |first2=Marc |last3=Willebald |first3=Henry}}</ref>}} was a [governorate](/source/governorate) and [general command](/source/Commandant-general) of the [Spanish Empire](/source/Spanish_Empire) that existed from 1802 to 1822. It replaced the governorates of [Quijos](/source/Governorate_of_Quijos) and [Maynas](/source/Governorate_of_Maynas), excluding the latter's village of [Papallacta](/source/Papallacta).

==History==
[[File:Maynas española y sus reclamaciones.png|thumb|left|The area (in [mustard](/source/Mustard_(colour))) {{circa}} 1802.]]
The territory was created through the ''[real cédula](/source/real_c%C3%A9dula)'' of July 15, 1802,<ref>{{cite book|title=Anales diplomáticos y consulares de Colombia|language=es|volume=2|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Colombia|editor=Antonio José Uribe|publisher= Imprenta Nacional|location=Bogotá|year=1901|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ibo-AAAAYAAJ |page=649}}</ref> which transferred the governorates of [Maynas](/source/Governorate_of_Maynas) and [Quijos](/source/Governorate_of_Quijos) (excluding the village of [Papallacta](/source/Papallacta)) into the [Viceroyalty of Peru](/source/Viceroyalty_of_Peru).<ref>{{cite book |title=Conflicto internacional: Ecuador y Perú |last=Coral |first=Luciano |publisher=Imprenta de "El Tiempo" |page=6 |year=1894 |language=es |location=Guayaquil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2gMAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> It was incorporated into the [Protectorate of Peru](/source/Protectorate_of_Peru) as a [department](/source/Regions_of_Peru) with the name of ''Quijos and Maynas''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/tradocestproc/clproley2001.nsf/pley/955754CC288EDAE605256D25005D3281?opendocument |title=Proyecto de Ley: declarar a la ciudad de Moyobamba capital histórica de la amazonía peruana |date=2002-05-20 |website=[Congreso de la República](/source/Congress_of_Peru) |last=Rengifo |first=Ruiz}}</ref> following a [war for the territory's independence](/source/War_of_Independence_of_Maynas) that lasted from 1821 to 1822, during the [Spanish American wars of independence](/source/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence).<ref name=Moyobamba/> The aforementioned department was ultimately incorporated into the [Department of Trujillo](/source/Department_of_Trujillo) in 1825.<ref name=Moyobamba/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bicentenario.gob.pe/aniversario-de-loreto-como-llego-este-conjunto-de-pueblos-a-ser-uno-de-los-departamentos-mas-grandes-del-peru/ |title=Aniversario de Loreto: ¿cómo llegó a ser uno de los departamentos más grandes del Perú? |date=2020-02-07 |work=[Bicentennial of the Independence of Peru](/source/Bicentennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru)}}</ref>

After the wars of independence in [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador) and [Peru](/source/Peru), the zone became extremely relevant for both countries, as it was a main focus of the [Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute](/source/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_territorial_dispute), which escalated in 1941 as the [Ecuadorian–Peruvian War](/source/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War) and continued to a lesser extent with skirmishes [in 1995](/source/Cenepa_War) and [in 1998](/source/Paquisha_War), the latter leading to the signing of the [Brasilia Presidential Act](/source/Brasilia_Presidential_Act) in 1998. Additionally, it was also a focus of the [territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru](/source/Colombian%E2%80%93Peruvian_territorial_dispute) that escalated in 1933 with the [Colombia–Peru War](/source/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War) which concluded with the signing of the [Rio Protocol](/source/Rio_Protocol_(1934)) the following year.

== Areas that belonged to Maynas ==
=== Peru ===
* {{flagicon|PER}} [Department of Loreto](/source/Department_of_Loreto), Peru
* {{flagicon|PER}} [Department of Ucayali](/source/Department_of_Ucayali), Peru
* {{flagicon|PER}} [Department of San Martín](/source/Department_of_San_Mart%C3%ADn), Peru

==See also==
*[Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute](/source/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_territorial_dispute)
*[Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute](/source/Colombian%E2%80%93Peruvian_territorial_dispute)

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Subdivisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru
Category:History of Ecuador
Category:Colonial Peru

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [General Command of Maynas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Command_of_Maynas) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Command_of_Maynas?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.