# Garden of Eden

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Biblical garden of God

This article is about the Biblical garden. For other uses, see [Garden of Eden (disambiguation)](/source/Garden_of_Eden_(disambiguation)).

"Terrestrial Paradise" redirects here. For the painting, see [Terrestrial Paradise (Bosch)](/source/Terrestrial_Paradise_(Bosch)).

*[The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man](/source/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man)* by [Jan Brueghel the Elder](/source/Jan_Brueghel_the_Elder) and [Pieter Paul Rubens](/source/Pieter_Paul_Rubens), c. 1615, depicting both [domestic](/source/List_of_domesticated_animals) and exotic wild animals such as [tigers](/source/Tiger), [parrots](/source/Parrot), and [ostriches](/source/Ostrich) co-existing in the garden

In [Abrahamic religions](/source/Abrahamic_religions), the **Garden of Eden** ([Biblical Hebrew](/source/Biblical_Hebrew_language): גַּן־עֵדֶן‎, romanized: *gan-ʿĒḏen*; [Greek](/source/Greek_language): Εδέμ; [Latin](/source/Latin_language): *Paradisus*) or **Garden of God** (גַּן־יְהֹוָה‎, *gan-[YHWH](/source/Tetragrammaton)* and גַן־אֱלֹהִים‎, *gan-[Elohim](/source/Elohim)*), also called the **Terrestrial Paradise**, is the [biblical](/source/Biblical) [paradise](/source/Paradise) described in [Genesis](/source/Book_of_Genesis) 2–3 and [Ezekiel](/source/Book_of_Ezekiel) 28 and 31.[1][2]

The location of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis as the source of four tributaries. Various suggestions have been made for its location:[3] at the head of the [Persian Gulf](/source/Persian_Gulf), in southern [Mesopotamia](/source/Mesopotamia) where the [Tigris](/source/Tigris) and [Euphrates](/source/Euphrates) rivers run into the sea;[4] and in [Armenia](/source/Armenia).[5][6][7] Others theorize that Eden was the entire [Fertile Crescent](/source/Fertile_Crescent)[8] or a region substantial in size in [Mesopotamia](/source/Mesopotamia), where its native inhabitants still exist in cities such as [Telassar](/source/Telassar).[9][10]

Like the [Genesis flood narrative](/source/Genesis_flood_narrative), the [Genesis creation narrative](/source/Genesis_creation_narrative), and the account of the [Tower of Babel](/source/Tower_of_Babel), the story of Eden echoes the [Mesopotamian myth](/source/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion) of a king, as a [primordial](/source/Primordial) man, who is placed in a divine garden to guard the [tree of life](/source/Tree_of_life).[11] Scholars note that the Eden narrative shows parallels with aspects of [Solomon's Temple](/source/Solomon's_Temple) and [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem), attesting to its nature as a sacred place.[12][13] Mentions of Eden are also made in the Bible elsewhere in Genesis 13:10,[14] in Isaiah 51:3,[15] Ezekiel 36:35,[16] and Joel 2:3;[17] [Zechariah](/source/Book_of_Zechariah) 14 and [Ezekiel](/source/Book_of_Ezekiel) 47 use paradisical imagery without naming Eden.[18]

The name derives from the [Akkadian](/source/Akkadian_language) *edinnu*, from a [Sumerian](/source/Sumerian_language) word *[edin](/source/Edin_(Sumerian_term))* meaning '[plain](/source/Plain)' or '[steppe](/source/Steppe)', closely related to an [Aramaic](/source/Aramaic) root word meaning 'fruitful, well-watered'.[2] Another interpretation associates the name with a [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew) word for '[pleasure](/source/Pleasure)';[19] thus the [Vulgate](/source/Vulgate) reads *paradisum voluptatis* in Genesis 2:8, and the [Douay–Rheims Bible](/source/Douay%E2%80%93Rheims_Bible), following, has the wording "And the Lord God had planted a paradise of pleasure".[20]

## Biblical narratives

### Genesis

Main articles: [Genesis creation narrative](/source/Genesis_creation_narrative) and [Adam and Eve](/source/Adam_and_Eve)

*Expulsion from Paradise*, painting by [James Tissot](/source/James_Tissot), c. 1896–1902

The Expulsion illustrated in the English [Junius manuscript](/source/Junius_manuscript), c. 1000 CE

The second part of the [Genesis creation narrative](/source/Genesis_creation_narrative), Genesis 2:4–3:24,[a] opens with [Yahweh](/source/Yahweh)-[Elohim](/source/Elohim) (translated here "the LORD God")[b] creating the first man ([Adam](/source/Adam)), whom he placed in a garden that he planted "eastward in Eden":[23]

And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

— Genesis 2:9, [24]

The man was free to eat from any tree in the garden except the [tree of the knowledge of good and evil](/source/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil), which was [taboo](/source/Taboo#in_religion_and_mythology). Last of all, God made a woman ([Eve](/source/Eve)) from a rib of the man to be a companion for the man.[25] In Genesis 3, the man and the woman were seduced by the [serpent](/source/Serpents_in_the_Bible) into eating the [forbidden fruit](/source/Forbidden_fruit), and they were expelled from the garden to prevent them from also eating of the tree of life, and thus [living forever](/source/Living_forever).[26] [Cherubim](/source/Cherub), and a [flaming sword](/source/Flaming_sword_(mythology)) which turned every way, were put in place at the east of the garden, "to guard the way of [or to] the tree of life".[27]

Genesis 2:10–14[28] lists four rivers in association with the garden of Eden: [Pishon](/source/Pishon), [Gihon](/source/Gihon), [Tigris](/source/Tigris) (Hiddekel in Hebrew),[29] and the [Euphrates](/source/Euphrates) (Perath in Hebrew).[30] It also refers to the land of [Cush](/source/Cush_(Bible))—translated/interpreted as [Ethiopia](/source/Ethiopia), but thought by some to equate to *Cossaea*, a Greek name for the land of the [Kassites](/source/Kassites).[31] These lands lie north of [Elam](/source/Elam), immediately to the east of ancient Babylon, which, unlike Ethiopia, does lie within the region being described.[32] In *[Antiquities of the Jews](/source/Antiquities_of_the_Jews)*, the first-century Jewish historian [Josephus](/source/Josephus) identifies the Pishon as what "the Greeks called [Ganges](/source/Ganges)" and the Geon (Gehon) as the [Nile](/source/Nile).[33]

### Ezekiel

Main article: [Ezekiel's cherub in Eden](/source/Ezekiel's_cherub_in_Eden)

In Ezekiel 28:12–19,[34] the prophet [Ezekiel](/source/Ezekiel) the "son of man" sets down God's word against the king of Tyre: the king was the "seal of perfection", adorned with precious stones from the day of his creation, placed by God in the garden of Eden on the holy mountain as a guardian cherub. However, the king sinned through wickedness and violence, and so he was driven out of the garden and thrown to the earth, where now he is consumed by God's fire: "All those who knew you in the nations are appalled at you, you have come to a horrible end and will be no more." (Ezekiel 28:19).

## Proposed locations

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers

A map by [Pierre Mortier](/source/Pierre_Mortier) captioned *Map of the location of the terrestrial paradise, and of the country inhabited by the patriarchs, laid out for the good understanding of sacred history, by [Pierre Daniel Huet](/source/Pierre_Daniel_Huet)* (1700)

The location of Eden is described in Genesis 2:10–14:[35]

And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. The name of the first is [Pishon](/source/Pishon); that is it which compasseth the whole land of [Havilah](/source/Havilah), where there is gold; and the gold of that land is good; there is [bdellium](/source/Bdellium) and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is [Gihon](/source/Gihon); the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Cush. And the name of the third river is [Tigris](/source/Tigris); that is it which goeth toward the east of Asshur. And the fourth river is the [Euphrates](/source/Euphrates).

Suggestions for the location of Eden include[3][36] the head of the [Persian Gulf](/source/Persian_Gulf), as argued by [Juris Zarins](/source/Juris_Zarins), in southern Mesopotamia where the [Tigris](/source/Tigris) and [Euphrates](/source/Euphrates) rivers run into the sea;[4] and in the Armenian Highlands or Armenian National Plateau.[5][37][6][7] British archaeologist [David Rohl](/source/David_Rohl) locates it in [Iran](/source/Iran), and in the vicinity of [Tabriz](/source/Tabriz), but this suggestion has not been adopted by mainstream academia.[38]

Others theorize that Eden was merely a region of "considerable size" in [Mesopotamia](/source/Mesopotamia), where its native inhabitants still exist in cities such as [Telassar](/source/Telassar), based on verses such as Isaiah 37:12,[9][10] or that it encompassed the entire Fertile Crescent.[8]

According to Terje Stordalen, the Book of Ezekiel places Eden in Lebanon.[39] "[I]t appears that the Lebanon is an alternative placement in Phoenician myth (as in Ez 28,13, III.48) of the Garden of Eden",[40] and there are connections between paradise, the Garden of Eden and the forests of Lebanon (possibly used symbolically) within prophetic writings.[41] [Edward Lipinski](/source/Edward_Lipinski_(orientalist)) and [Peter Kyle McCarter](/source/Peter_Kyle_McCarter) have suggested that the [garden of the gods](/source/Garden_of_the_gods_(Sumerian_paradise)), the oldest [Sumerian](/source/Sumer) analog of the Garden of Eden, relates to a mountain sanctuary in the Lebanon and [Anti-Lebanon ranges](/source/Anti-Lebanon_Mountains).[42]

Some religious groups have believed the location of the garden to be local to them, outside of the Middle East. Some early leaders of [Mormonism](/source/Mormonism) held that it was located in [Jackson County, Missouri](/source/Jackson_County%2C_Missouri).[43] The 20th-century [Panacea Society](/source/Panacea_Society) believed it was located at the site of their home town of [Bedford](/source/Bedford), England,[44] while preacher Elvy E. Callaway believed it was on the [Apalachicola River](/source/Apalachicola_River) in Florida, near the town of [Bristol](/source/Bristol%2C_Florida).[45] Some suggested that the location is in [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem).[46]

On [his third voyage](/source/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus#Third_voyage) to the [Americas](/source/Americas) in 1498, [Christopher Columbus](/source/Christopher_Columbus) thought he may have reached the Earthly Paradise upon first seeing the [South American](/source/South_America) mainland.[47]

Following its acceptance of [Christianity](/source/Christianity) in 1491, leaders of the [Kingdom of Kongo](/source/Kingdom_of_Kongo) came to believe that the Terrestrial Paradise, and thus the Garden of Eden was in Central Africa. Following logic of medieval European maps, Portuguese cartographers claimed that both the [Congo River](/source/Congo_River) and the [Zambezi](/source/Zambezi) flowed out from the Paradise, and Kongolese intellectuals, perhaps students in [Lisbon](/source/Lisbon), accepted that its location in maps drawn in Mediterranean Europe showed Kongo's eastern border of the Paradise.[48]

The idea was fully accepted, as Italian missionary [Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi](/source/Giovanni_Antonio_Cavazzi), reported in 1687 that the Kongolese "constantly assert that in the creation of the Universe, God assigned to the angels and his other ministerial confidants the task of putting the rest of the earth in order, reserving for himself alone, according to his sublime idea and his genius, the forming of the countries of Ethiopia, and especially the kingdoms of Congo. All the rest were extracted from nothing in the dark night of shapeless Chaos, and only this one part, with singular privilege received its most perfect form in the serenely bright light of a beautiful afternoon."[49]

In his book *The Creation, the Garden of Eden and the Origin of the Chinese*, [Tse Tsan-tai](/source/Tse_Tsan-tai) argued that the Garden of Eden was located in modern-day [Xinjiang](/source/Xinjiang).[50]

## Blissful garden concept

Part of a series on Utopias Mythical and religious Arcadia City of the Caesars Cloud cuckoo land Cockaigne Eden Elysium Fortunate Isles Garden of the gods Golden Age Great Unity Ketumati Kingdom of God Libertatia Mag Mell Mahoroba Merry England Mezzoramia Most Great Peace Mount Penglai New Jerusalem Opona Satya Yuga Shangri-La Valhalla Yvy marã e'ỹ Zion Literature Ideology and Utopia List The Republic Utopia Gulliver's Travels Dystopian literature Theory Communitas perfecta Heterotopia Ideal city Renaissance Sforzinda Pantisocracy Real utopian sociology Third International Theory Utopia for Realists Utopian studies Solarpunk Concepts Arcology Agriculturalism Escapism Millenarianism New Man Social harmony Technological Cyber-utopianism Post-scarcity economy Transhumanism Utopian socialism Practice Architecture Egalitarian community HosPex Open borders Pirate utopia UBI Intentional community Atarashiki-mura Huaxi Village Nanjie Sustainable Communities by country America Finland Germany Organizations Associationists Anthroposophs Lindisfarne Millennium WFS Zeitgeist v t e

Scholars have identified and proposed connections to similar concepts from ancient religions and mythologies, and have studied the post-scriptural evolution of the concept in religion and arts.

### Sumeria and ancient Greece; Renaissance

A number of parallel concepts to the biblical Garden of Eden exist in various other religions and mythologies. [Dilmun](/source/Dilmun) in the [Sumerian](/source/Sumerian_religion) story of *Enki and Ninhursag* is a paradisaical abode[51] of the immortals, where sickness and death were unknown.[52] The [garden of the Hesperides](/source/Garden_of_the_Hesperides) in [Greek mythology](/source/Greek_mythology) was also somewhat similar to the Jewish concept of the Garden of Eden, and by the 16th century a larger intellectual association was made in the [Cranach](/source/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder) painting.

### Canaanite origin theory

By studying [late-13th-century BCE clay tablets](/source/Ugaritic_texts) from [Ugarit](/source/Ugarit), Hebrew Bible scholars M.J.A. Korpel and J.C. de Moor reconstructed close [Canaanite](/source/Canaanite_religion) parallels, which they posit as being the origin of the biblical [creation myth](/source/Creation_myth) from the first chapters of Genesis including the Garden of Eden and Adam narrative.[53] Their reconstructed texts talk about the creator deity [El](/source/El_(deity)), who lived in a vineyard or garden together with his wife [Asherah](/source/Asherah) on [Mount Ararat](/source/Mount_Ararat).[53]

Another god, [Horon](/source/Hauron), tries to depose El and when thrown down from the mountain, he transforms the [Tree of Life](/source/Tree_of_Life) from the garden into a Tree of Death.[53] Horon also spreads around a poisonous fog, Adam is sent from the mountain to restore life on earth, Horon takes the shape of a large serpent and bites him, which leads to Adam and his wife losing their immortality.[53] However, [John Day](/source/John_Day_(biblical_scholar)) argues that these stories are not explicitly attested in the Ugaritic texts but are reconstructed on the basis of speculative and dubious suppositions.[54]

### Evolution of Old Iranian "paradise" concept

The word "paradise" entered English from the [French](/source/French_language) *paradis*, inherited from the [Latin](/source/Latin) *paradisus, paradisum*, from the [Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek_language) *parádeisos* (παράδεισος). The Greek was derived from an [Old Iranian](/source/Old_Iranian) form, ultimately from [Proto-Iranian](/source/Proto-Iranian) **paridayjah*, which also derived [Old Persian](/source/Old_Persian) 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎶 (p-r-d-y-d-a-m, */paradayadām/*, and [Avestan](/source/Avestan) 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀, *pairi.daēza*. The literal meaning of this word is 'walled enclosure', from **pari-* 'around' (cognate with the Greek περί and the English *peri-*, of identical meaning), and **dáyjah*, "to make, form (a wall), build" (cognate with the Greek τοῖχος, 'wall'). The word's etymology is ultimately derived from the [Proto-Indo-European](/source/Proto-Indo-European) root **per-* 'around', and the word **dʰóyǵʰos*, 'something that is formed'.[55][56][57]

By the 6th/5th century BCE, the Old Iranian word had been borrowed into the [Akkadian language](/source/Akkadian_language) as *pardesu*, 'domain'. It subsequently came to indicate the expansive [walled gardens](/source/Paradise_garden) of the [First Persian Empire](/source/First_Persian_Empire), and was later borrowed into a number of languages: into Greek as παράδεισος (*parádeisos*), 'park for animals', cf. *[Anabasis](/source/Anabasis_(Xenophon))*, the most famous work of [Xenophon](/source/Xenophon); into [Aramaic](/source/Aramaic) as *pardaysa*, 'royal park'; and into [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew) (see below).[58]

The idea of a walled enclosure was not preserved in most Iranian usage, and generally came to refer to a plantation or other cultivated area, not necessarily walled. For example, the Old Iranian word survives as *pardis* in New Persian, as well as its derivative *pālīz* (or *jālīz*), which denotes a vegetable patch.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

#### Hebrew Bible and Jewish literature

The word entered the Hebrew language with the meaning of [pardes](/source/Pardes_(Jewish_exegesis)#Association_with_paradise) (פַּרְדֵּס), 'orchard', appearing thrice in the [Tanakh](/source/Tanakh): in the [Song of Solomon](/source/Song_of_Solomon) ([4:13](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Song%20of%20Solomon%204:13&version=nrsv)), [Ecclesiastes](/source/Ecclesiastes) ([2:5](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ecclesiastes%202:5&version=nrsv)), and [Nehemiah](/source/Book_of_Nehemiah) ([2:8](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Nehemiah%202:8&version=nrsv)).[59]

The word *pardes* occurs three times in the Hebrew Bible, but always in contexts other than a connection with Eden: in the [Song of Solomon](/source/Song_of_Solomon) [4:13](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Song%20of%20Solomon%204:13&version=nrsv): "Thy plants are an orchard (*pardes*) of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard"; [Ecclesiastes](/source/Ecclesiastes) [2:5](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ecclesiastes%202:5&version=nrsv): "I made me gardens and orchards (*pardes*), and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits"; and in [Nehemiah](/source/Nehemiah) [2:8](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Nehemiah%202:8&version=nrsv): "And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of the king's orchard (*pardes*), that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall of the city".

In these examples, *pardes* clearly means 'orchard' or 'park', but in the Jewish [apocalyptic literature](/source/Apocalyptic_literature) and in the [Talmud](/source/Talmud) *paradise* gains its associations with the Garden of Eden and its heavenly prototype, a meaning also present in the [New Testament](/source/New_Testament).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Italian historian [Mario Liverani](/source/Mario_Liverani) argues that the Garden of Eden was modeled on Persian royal gardens,[60] while John Day argues that linguistic and other evidence indicates that the [yahwistic](/source/Jahwist) Eden story was composed before the Persian period.[61] US archaeologist [Lawrence Stager](/source/Lawrence_Stager) posits that the biblical Eden narrative drew from aspects of [Solomon's palace and temple compound](/source/Solomon's_Temple) and [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem).[12]

#### Septuagint and New Testament

In the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) (3rd–1st centuries BCE), the Greek παράδεισος (*parádeisos*) was used to translate both the Hebrew פרדס (*pardes*) and גן (*gan*), meaning 'garden' (e.g. [Genesis 2:8](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%202:8&version=nrsv), [Ezekiel 28:13](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezekiel%2028:13&version=nrsv)): it is from this usage that the use of *paradise* to refer to the Garden of Eden derives.[19]

In the New Testament *paradise* becomes the realm of the blessed (as opposed to the realm of the cursed) among those who have already died,[62] with literary [Hellenistic](/source/Hellenistic) influences.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

#### Quran

The same usage as in the Septuagint also appears in [Arabic](/source/Arabic) and in the [Quran](/source/Quran) as *[firdaws](/source/Firdaws)* فردوس.[63]

## Other views

### Jewish eschatology

The Garden of Eden in the left panel of [Bosch's](/source/Hieronymus_Bosch) *[The Garden of Earthly Delights](/source/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights)*

In the [Talmud](/source/Talmud) and the Jewish [Kabbalah](/source/Kabbalah),[64] the scholars agree that there are two types of spiritual places called "Garden in Eden". The first is rather terrestrial, of abundant fertility and luxuriant vegetation, known as the "lower *Gan* Eden" (*gan* meaning garden). The second is envisioned as being celestial, the habitation of righteous, Jewish and non-Jewish, immortal souls, known as the "higher *Gan* Eden". The [rabbis](/source/Rabbi) differentiate between *Gan* and Eden. Adam is said to have dwelt only in the *Gan*, whereas Eden is said never to be witnessed by any mortal eye.[64]

According to [Jewish eschatology](/source/Jewish_eschatology),[65] the higher *Gan* Eden is called the "Garden of Righteousness". It has been created since the beginning of the world, and will appear gloriously at the end of time. The righteous dwelling there will enjoy the sight of the heavenly *[chayot](/source/Chayot)* carrying the throne of God. Each of the righteous will walk with God, who will lead them in a dance. Its Jewish and non-Jewish inhabitants are "clothed with garments of light and eternal life, and eat of the tree of life" (Enoch 58,3) near to God and his anointed ones.[65] This Jewish rabbinical concept of a higher *Gan* Eden is opposed by the Hebrew terms *[gehinnom](/source/Gehinnom)* and *[sheol](/source/Sheol)*, figurative names for the place of spiritual purification for the wicked dead in Judaism, a place envisioned as being at the greatest possible distance from [heaven](/source/Heaven).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Some modern Orthodox Jews believe that history will complete itself and the ultimate destination will be when all mankind returns to the Garden of Eden.[66]

#### *Legends of the Jews*

In the 1909 book *[Legends of the Jews](/source/Legends_of_the_Jews)*, [Louis Ginzberg](/source/Louis_Ginzberg) compiled Jewish legends found in [rabbinic literature](/source/Rabbinic_literature). Among the legends are ones about the two Gardens of Eden. Beyond Paradise is the higher *Gan* Eden, where God is enthroned and explains the Torah to its inhabitants. The higher *Gan* Eden contains three hundred and ten worlds and is divided into seven compartments. The compartments are not described, though it is implied that each compartment is greater than the previous one and is joined based on one's merit.[67]

The first compartment is for Jewish martyrs, the second for those who drowned, the third for "Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai and his disciples," the fourth for those whom the cloud of glory carried off, the fifth for penitents, the sixth for youths who have never sinned; and the seventh for the poor who lived decently and studied the Torah.[67]

In chapter two, *Legends of the Jews* gives a brief description of the lower *Gan* Eden. The tree of knowledge is a hedge around the tree of life, which is so vast that "it would take a man five hundred years to traverse a distance equal to the diameter of the trunk". From beneath the trees flow all the world's waters in the form of four rivers: Tigris, Nile, Euphrates, and Ganges. After the fall of man, the world was no longer irrigated by this water.[67]

While in the garden, Adam and Eve were served meat dishes by angels and the animals of the world understood human language, respected mankind as God's image, and feared Adam and Eve. When one dies, one's soul must pass through the lower *Gan* Eden in order to reach the higher *Gan* Eden. The way to the garden is the Cave of Machpelah that Adam guards. The cave leads to the gate of the garden, guarded by a cherub with a flaming sword. If a soul is unworthy of entering, the sword annihilates it. Within the garden is a pillar of fire and smoke that extends to the higher *Gan* Eden, which the soul must climb in order to reach the higher *Gan* Eden.[67]

### Christian views

#### Atemporal fall view

For some Christians, especially in the [Eastern Orthodox](/source/Eastern_Orthodox) tradition, Eden is considered a reality outside of empirical history that affects the entire history of the universe as seen in the idea of an [atemporal fall](/source/Atemporal_fall) which separates humanity's current reduced form of time from the divine life enjoyed in Eden. This idea of an atemporal separation from Eden has been most recently defended by theologians [David Bentley Hart](/source/David_Bentley_Hart), [John Behr](/source/John_Behr), and [Sergei Bulgakov](/source/Sergei_Bulgakov) as well as having roots in the writings of several early church fathers, especially [Origen](/source/Origen) and [Maximus the Confessor](/source/Maximus_the_Confessor).[68][69][70][71]

### Islamic view

A [Mozarabic](/source/Mozarabic_art) world map from 1109, with Eden in the East (at top)

The term جنات عدن *jannāt ʿadn* ("Gardens of Eden" or "Gardens of Perpetual Residence") is used in the [Quran](/source/Quran) for the destination of the righteous. There are several mentions of "the Garden" in the Quran.[72] The Garden of Eden, without the word *ʿadn*,[73] is commonly the fourth layer of the Islamic [heaven](/source/Jannah) and not necessarily thought as the dwelling place of [Adam](/source/Adam_in_Islam).[74]

The Quran refers frequently over various [Surah](/source/Surah) about the first abode of Adam and his spouse (told to be Hawwa or Eve, her name is never given in the Quran), including surah [Sad](/source/Sad_(surah)), which features 18 verses on the subject (38:71–88), surah [al-Baqara](/source/Al-Baqara), surah [al-A'raf](/source/Al-A'raf), and surah [al-Hijr](/source/Al-Hijr_(surah)) although sometimes without mentioning the location. The narrative mainly surrounds the resulting expulsion of Adam and his spouse after they were tempted by [Iblis](/source/Iblis) (Satan).

Despite the biblical account, the Quran mentions only one tree in Eden, the tree of immortality, from which [God](/source/God_in_Islam) specifically forbade Adam and his spouse. Some [exegesis](/source/Tafsir) added an account, about [Satan](/source/Satan), disguised as a serpent to enter the Garden, repeatedly told Adam to eat from the tree, and eventually both Adam and his spouse did so, resulting in disobeying God.[75] These stories are also featured in the [hadith](/source/Hadith) collections, including [al-Tabari](/source/Al-Tabari).[76]

**Quranic scripture of story**

Quranic verses Q. 2:35–38, are believed to tell the story of Adam disobeying God's command and eating the Forbidden Fruit, and of God ordered him out of the Garden. One translation (the Clear Quran) that indicates that the Garden of Eden was in Heaven goes:

- We cautioned, "O Adam! Live with your wife in Paradise (lit. "the Garden") and eat as freely as you please, but do not approach this tree, or else you will be wrongdoers." (2:35)

- But Satan deceived them—leading to their fall from the [blissful] state they were in,1 and We said, "Descend from the heavens [to the earth] as enemies to each other.2 You will find in the earth a residence and provision for your appointed stay." (2:36)

- Then Adam was inspired with words ˹of prayer˺ by his Lord, so He accepted his repentance. Surely He is the Accepter of Repentance, Most Merciful. (2:37)

- We said, "Descend all of you! Then when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows it, there will be no fear for them, nor will they grieve. (2:38)[77]

**Location**

Quranic verses describe Adam was being expelled from *al-Jannah*, "the garden", which is the commonly used word for paradise in Islam. However, according to [Ibn Kathir](/source/Ibn_Kathir) (d. 1372) and Ar-Razi (d. 1209), (exegetes of the Quran), four interpretations of the location of the garden prevailed among early Muslims:

- that the garden was Paradise itself,

- that it was a separate garden created especially for Adam and his spouse,

- that it was located on Earth,

- that it was best for the Muslims not to be concerned with the location of the garden.[78]

According to T. O. Shanavas however, contextual analysis of Quranic verses suggests the Garden of Eden could not have been in Paradise and must have been on earth. (For example, a sahih hadith reports Muhammad said: "Allah says: I have prepared for my righteous servants that which has neither been seen by eyes, nor heard by ears, nor ever conceived by any man." i.e. no man has ever seen Paradise. Since Adam was a man, he could not have seen paradise, therefore he could not have lived there.)[78]

**Doctrine of "The Fall of Man"**

Islamic exegesis does not regard [Adam and his spouse's expulsion from paradise](/source/Fall_of_man) as punishment for disobedience or a result from abused free will on their part.[79]: 171 Instead, [ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya](/source/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya) (1292–1350) writes, [God's wisdom](/source/Hikmah) (*ḥikma*) destined humanity to leave the garden and settle on earth. This is because God wants to unfold the full range of his attributes.[79]: 171 If humans were not to live on earth, God could not express his love, forgiveness, and power to his creation.[79] If humans were not to experience suffering, they could neither long for paradise nor appreciate its delights.[79]

[Khwaja Abdullah Ansari](/source/Khwaja_Abdullah_Ansari) (1006–1088) describes Adam and his spouse's expulsion as ultimately caused by God.[80]: 252 Nonetheless, despite the paradoxical notion that man has no choice but to comply to God's will, this does not mean that humans should not blame themselves for their "sin" of complying.[80]: 252 This is exemplified by Adam and his spouse in the Quran (Q. 7:23 "Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You do not forgive us and have mercy on us, we will certainly be losers"), in contrast to Iblis (Satan) who blames God for leading him astray (Q. 15:37).[80]

### Latter Day Saints

See also: [Adam and Eve (LDS Church)](/source/Adam_and_Eve_(LDS_Church))

Followers of the [Latter Day Saint movement](/source/Latter_Day_Saint_movement) believe that after Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden, they resided in a place known as [Adam-ondi-Ahman](/source/Adam-ondi-Ahman), located in present-day [Daviess County, Missouri](/source/Daviess_County%2C_Missouri). It is recorded in the [Doctrine and Covenants](/source/Doctrine_and_Covenants) that Adam blessed his posterity there and that he will return to that place at the time of the [final judgment](/source/Final_judgment)[81][82] in fulfillment of a prophecy set forth in the Bible.[83]

Numerous early church leaders, including [Brigham Young](/source/Brigham_Young), [Heber C. Kimball](/source/Heber_C._Kimball), and [George Q. Cannon](/source/George_Q._Cannon), taught that the Garden of Eden itself was located in nearby Jackson County,[43] but there are no surviving first-hand accounts of that doctrine being taught by Joseph Smith himself. Latter Day Saint doctrine is unclear as to the exact location of the Garden of Eden, but tradition among adherents places it somewhere in the vicinity of Adam-ondi-Ahman, or in Jackson County.[84][85]

### Gnosticism

The 2nd-century [Gnostic](/source/Gnostic) teacher [Justin](/source/Justin_(gnostic)) held that there were three original divinities, a transcendental being called the Good, an intermediate male figure known as [Elohim](/source/Elohim) and Eden who is an [Earth-mother](/source/Earth_goddess). The world is created from the love of Elohim and Eden, but evil later is brought into the universe when Elohim learns of the existence of the Good above him and ascends trying to reach it.[86]

## Art and literature

### Art

One of oldest depictions of Garden of Eden is made in [Byzantine style](/source/Byzantine_style) in [Ravenna](/source/Ravenna), while the city was still under Byzantine control. A preserved blue mosaic is part of the mausoleum of [Galla Placidia](/source/Galla_Placidia). Circular motifs represent flowers of the garden of Eden. The Garden of Eden motifs most frequently portrayed in [illuminated manuscripts](/source/Illuminated_manuscript) and paintings are the "Sleep of Adam" ("Creation of Eve"), the "Temptation of Eve" by the Serpent, the "[Fall of Man](/source/Fall_of_Man)" where Adam takes the fruit, and the "Expulsion". The [idyll](/source/Idyll) of "Naming Day in Eden" was less often depicted. [Michelangelo](/source/Michelangelo) depicted [a scene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo_Buonarroti_022.jpg) at the Garden of Eden on the [Sistine Chapel ceiling](/source/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling).

		- *The Garden of Eden* by [Lucas Cranach der Ältere](/source/Lucas_Cranach_der_%C3%84ltere), a 16th-century German depiction of Eden

		- Fifth-century "Garden of Eden" mosaic in [mausoleum of Galla Placidia](/source/Mausoleum_of_Galla_Placidia) in [Ravenna](/source/Ravenna), Italy. UNESCO [World Heritage Site](/source/World_Heritage_Site).

		- *The Garden of Eden* by [Thomas Cole](/source/Thomas_Cole) (1828)

		- After wandering through the Garden of Eden, Eve takes the forbidden fruit while [Lilith](/source/Lilith) speaks to Adam (by [Carl Poellath](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Poellath_M%C3%BCnz-_und_Pr%C3%A4gewerk_Schrobenhausen), c. 1886)

		- *The Garden of Eden* by [Adi Holzer](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Holzer) (2012)

### Literature

For many medieval writers, the image of the Garden of Eden also creates a location for human [love](/source/Love) and [sexuality](/source/Sexuality), often associated with the classic and medieval [trope](/source/Trope_(literature)) of the [locus amoenus](/source/Locus_amoenus).[87]

In the *[Divine Comedy](/source/Divine_Comedy)*, [Dante Alighieri](/source/Dante_Alighieri) places the Garden at the top of [Mt. Purgatory](/source/Purgatory). Dante, the pilgrim, emerges into the Garden of Eden in Canto 28 of *[Purgatorio](/source/Purgatorio)*. Here he is told that God gave the Garden of Eden to man "in earnest, or as a pledge of eternal life," but man was only able to dwell there for a short time because he soon fell from grace. In the poem, the Garden of Eden is both human and divine: while it is located on earth at the top of Mt. Purgatory, it also serves as the gateway to the [heavens](/source/Heaven).[88]

Much of [John Milton's](/source/John_Milton) *[Paradise Lost](/source/Paradise_Lost)* occurs in the Garden of Eden. Milton first introduces the Garden of Eden in Book 4 when [Satan](/source/Satan) makes his first approach. His description starts with the garden’s position and exterior. He illustrates the garden as being positioned on top of a “steep wilderness” with impassable walls of vegetation. (4.133-137). Likening the garden’s enclosure to “a woodie theatre,” Milton depicts this wall as having rows of trees surpassing one another in height. (4.137-142). It extends even higher with trees adorned with an abundance of different fruits (4.147-148). Above all the other trees, Milton places the [Tree of life](/source/Tree_of_life) at the highest point of Eden (4.194-195). Next to it stands the [Tree of Knowledge](/source/Tree_of_knowledge_of_good_and_evil) (4.220-222).

Following Satan’s movement into the Garden, Milton shifts the focus from the exterior to the interior of Eden. First, Milton showcases the rivers and streams in Eden which pass underground and ultimately diverge into four rivers that extend beyond Eden’s boundaries. These streams form a complex water system that sustains each and every plant that grows in the garden (4.223-246). Milton concludes the initial description of the Garden of Eden by highlighting the diverse features of the garden: the lush vegetation, the serene landscapes, oases, and choruses of birds (4.246-264).[89] William Shullenberger suggests Milton’s syntax in this passage further elaborates on Eden’s image and by mirroring the flow of water in Eden, essentially visiting each feature in the same way the dynamic water system sustains them.[90]

In his representation of Eden, Milton maintains the tradition set by [Genesis](/source/Genesis_creation_narrative) 2:15 that the Garden of Eden requires human maintenance and cultivation, which is a role [God](/source/God) delegates to [Adam](/source/Adam) and [Eve](/source/Eve).[91] In "Milton’s Wild Garden," John R. Knott analyzes how the "wild" aspect of Milton’s Eden provides meaning and pleasure to Adam and Eve’s labor in the Garden of Eden, in addition to intensifying the overall depiction of the garden. According to Knott, it is not that the growth of vegetation in Eden *needs* to be kept in check. Fundamentally, he argues the wildness of Milton’s Eden provides Adam and Eve with the means to engage with the garden and participate within the human-nature order God decreed, affording them spiritual pleasure and moral discipline.[92]

Unlike Knott, Jude Welburn argues the wildness of Milton’s Eden does need to be kept in check, and it both cultivates and unravels the balance of labor and leisure for Adam and Eve.[93]

Nick Pici argues for the spiritual importance of tending to Eden in his [ecocritical](/source/Ecocriticism) reading of *Paradise Lost*, “Milton’s ‘Eco-Eden:’ Place and Notions of the ‘Green’ in *Paradise Lost*.” Pici argues that because Eden’s landscape mirrors that of [Heaven](/source/Heaven), nature is a form of God’s presence, and accordingly, Adam and Eve’s cultivation of Eden is a form of ritual [worship](/source/Worship).[94]

The first act of Arthur Miller's 1972 play [*Creation of the World and Other Business*](/source/The_Creation_of_the_World_and_Other_Business) is set in the Garden of Eden.

## See also

- *[Epic of Gilgamesh](/source/Epic_of_Gilgamesh)*

- [Golden Age](/source/Golden_Age)

- [Heaven in Judaism](/source/Heaven_in_Judaism)

- [Hesperides](/source/Hesperides)

- [Jannah](/source/Jannah)

- [Mazandaran (Shahnameh)](/source/Mazandaran_(Shahnameh))

- [Persian gardens](/source/Persian_gardens)

- *[Purgatorio](/source/Purgatorio)*

- [Sacred garden](/source/Sacred_garden)

- [The Summerland](/source/The_Summerland)

- [Tamoanchan](/source/Tamoanchan)

- [Utopia](/source/Utopia)

- [Atemporal fall](/source/Atemporal_fall)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Many English translations divide Genesis 2:4 into two parts, verse 4a completing the account of creation contained in Genesis 1, and verse 4b introducing a new narrative or a second account of creation.[21] See for example [Genesis 2:4](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2:4&version=rsv) in the [Revised Standard Version](/source/Revised_Standard_Version). Alternatively the [English Standard Version](/source/English_Standard_Version) incorporates the whole verse in its opening words of the second account of the creation.[22]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** See [Names of God in Judaism](/source/Names_of_God_in_Judaism)

## References

Biblical citations in this article generally refer to the [Jewish Publication Society](/source/Jewish_Publication_Society)'s 1917 translation.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Metzger2004_1-0)** Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael D (2004). [*The Oxford Guide To People And Places Of The Bible*](https://books.google.com/books?id=amlXOOaSuLMC). [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). p. 62. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-517610-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517610-0). Retrieved 22 December 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cohen_2011_228–229_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cohen_2011_228–229_2-1) [Cohen 2011](#CITEREFCohen2011), pp. 228–229.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-wilensky2012_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-wilensky2012_3-1) Wilensky-Lanford, Brook (2012). [*Paradise Lust: Searching for the Garden of Eden*](https://archive.org/details/paradiselustsear00wile). Grove Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802145840](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802145840).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hamblin-1987_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hamblin-1987_4-1) Hamblin, Dora Jane (May 1987). ["Has the Garden of Eden been located at last? (Dead Link)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140109135715/http://www.theeffect.org/resources/articles/pdfsetc/Eden.pdf) (PDF). *[Smithsonian](/source/Smithsonian_(magazine))*. **18** (2). Archived from [the original](http://www.theeffect.org/resources/articles/pdfsetc/Eden.pdf) (PDF) on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zevit_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zevit_5-1) Zevit, Ziony. *What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden?* 2013. Yale University Press, p. 111. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780300178692](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300178692).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Duncan_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Duncan_6-1) Duncan, Joseph E. *Milton's Earthly Paradise: A Historical Study of Eden.* 1972. University Of Minnesota Press, pp. 96, 212. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780816606337](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816606337).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Scafi_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Scafi_7-1) Scafi, Alessandro. *Return to the Sources: Paradise in Armenia, in: Mapping Paradise: A History of Heaven on Earth.* 2006. London, England and Chicago, Illinois: British Library and University of Chicago Press, pp. 317–322. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780226735597](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226735597).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mark-2018_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mark-2018_8-1) Mark, Joshua J. (March 28, 2018). ["Fertile Crescent"](https://www.worldhistory.org/Fertile_Crescent/). *World History Encyclopedia*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Telassar_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Telassar_9-1) ["Telassar in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia"](http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/T/telassar.html).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Biblehub-2023_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Biblehub-2023_10-1) ["Isaiah 37: Barnes Commentary"](https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/isaiah/37.htm). *Biblehub*. 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson197333_11-0)** [Davidson 1973](#CITEREFDavidson1973), p. 33.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Stager_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Stager_12-1) [Stager, Lawrence E.](/source/Lawrence_E._Stager) (1999). "Jerusalem and the Garden of Eden". *[Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies](/source/Israel_Exploration_Society#Periodicals_and_Series)*. **26**. [Israel Exploration Society](/source/Israel_Exploration_Society): 183*–194*. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [23629939](https://www.jstor.org/stable/23629939).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Kang, Seung Il (2020). ["The Garden of Eden as an Israelite Sacred Place"](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0040573617731712). *Theology Today*. **77** (1): 89–99. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1177/0040573617731712](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0040573617731712).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [Genesis 13:10](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0113.htm#10).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [Isaiah 51:3](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1051.htm#3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Ezekiel 36:35](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1236.htm#35).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [Joel 2:3](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1402.htm#3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [Tigchelaar 1999](#CITEREFTigchelaar1999), p. 37.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay201426_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay201426_19-1) [Day 2014](#CITEREFDay2014), p. 26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Latin Vulgate Bible with Douay–Rheims and King James Version Side-by-Side+Complete Sayings of Jesus Christ"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210312221644/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=1&c=2). *www.latinvulgate.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=1&c=2) on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [Whybray, R. N.](/source/R._N._Whybray), *4. Genesis*, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [The Oxford Bible Commentary](https://web.archive.org/web/20171102094409/http://b-ok.org/book/946961/0df02a), pp. 42-43, archived on 2 November 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** [Genesis 2:4](https://www.esv.org/Genesis+2:4): ESV

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** [Levenson 2004](#CITEREFLevenson2004), p. 13, "The root of Eden denotes fertility. Where the wondrously fertile gard was thought to have been located (if a realistic location was ever conceived) is unclear. The Tigris and Euphrates are the two great rivers of the Mesopotamia (now found in modern Iraq). But the Piston is unidentified, and the only Gihon in the Bible is a spring in Jerusalem (1 Kings 1:33, 38)."

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** [Genesis 2:9](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm#9)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** [Genesis 2:18–24](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm#18)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** [Genesis 3:22](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0103.htm#22)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** [Genesis 3:24](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0103.htm#24) in the JPS translation, cf. [Genesis 3:24](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3:24&version=rsv) in the Revised Standard Version

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** [Genesis 2:10–14](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm#10)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Definition of Tigris (Hiddekel) in the Bible"](https://www.biblestudy.org/meaning-names/tigris-hiddekel.html). *www.biblestudy.org*. Retrieved 2024-11-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Strong's Hebrew: 6578. פְּרָת (Perath) -- Euphrates"](https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6578.htm). *biblehub.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241203053021/https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6578.htm) from the original on 2024-12-03. Retrieved 2024-11-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["The Jewish Quarterly Review"](https://books.google.com/books?id=me8sAAAAIAAJ&q=Cossaea). *The Jewish Quarterly Review*. 64–65. University of Pennsylvania Press: 132. 1973. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1553-0604](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-0604). Retrieved 2014-02-19. ...as Cossaea, the country of the Kassites in Mesopotamia [...]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** [Speiser 1994](#CITEREFSpeiser1994), p. 38.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Josephus, *Antiquities of the Jews*, Book I, Chapter 1, Section 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** [Ezekiel 28:12–19](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1228.htm#12).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** [Genesis 2:10–14](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm#10).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Carol A. Hill, The Garden of Eden: *A Modern Landscape' Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith* 52 [March 2000]: 31–46 [https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2000/PSCF3-00Hill.html](https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2000/PSCF3-00Hill.html)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** Day, John. *Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan.* 2002. Sheffield Academic Press, p. 30. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780826468307](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826468307).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Cline, Eric H. (2007). [*From Eden to Exile: Unraveling Mysteries of the Bible*](https://books.google.com/books?id=bJW-zhffwk4C&pg=PA10). National Geographic. p. 10. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4262-0084-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0084-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** [Stordalen 2000](#CITEREFStordalen2000), p. 164.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** [Brown 2001](#CITEREFBrown2001), p. 138.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** [Swarup 2006](#CITEREFSwarup2006), p. 185.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** [Smith 2009](#CITEREFSmith2009), p. 61.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fairlatterdaysaints_45-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fairlatterdaysaints_45-1) ["The location of the Garden of Eden – FAIR"](https://www.fairlatterdaysaints.org/answers/Joseph_Smith/Garden_of_Eden_in_Missouri). *www.fairlatterdaysaints.org*. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Shaw, Jane (2012). *Octavia, Daughter of God*. Random House. p. 119. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781446484272](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446484272).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** Gloria Jahoda, *The Other Florida*, chap. 4, "The Garden of Eden." ISBN 9780912451046.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** ["Jerusalem as Eden"](https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/26/3/2). 24 August 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** [Bergreen, Lawrence](/source/Laurence_Bergreen) (2011). [*Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1493–1504*](https://books.google.com/books?id=3Dyhtkk4VQcC). Penguin Group US. p. 236. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1101544327](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101544327).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** John Thornton, "How Jesus Became Black: Kongo's Discovery of its Role in the Creation and Nativity Stories, Journal of Early Modern History, 28 (2024): 305-328

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** John Thornton, "How Jesus Became Black: Kongo's Discovery of its Role in the Creation and Nativity Stories, Journal of Early Modern History, 28 (2024): 305-328

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["The Garden of Eden – in China?"](https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/583-east-is-eden-adam-and-eves-chinese-garden/). *Big Think*. 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2023-11-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199696_53-0)** [Mathews 1996](#CITEREFMathews1996), p. 96.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2011229_54-0)** [Cohen 2011](#CITEREFCohen2011), p. 229.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MCAK_55-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MCAK_55-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-MCAK_55-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-MCAK_55-3) Korpel, Marjo Christina Annette; Moor, Johannes Cornelis de (2014). [*Adam, Eve, and the Devil: A New Beginning*](https://books.google.com/books?id=rojtoAEACAAJ). Hebrew Bible Monographs (65). [Sheffield Phoenix Press](/source/Sheffield_Phoenix_Press). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1909697522](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1909697522).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** Day, John (2021). ["The Serpent in the Garden of Eden: Its Background and Role"](https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50). *From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11*. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 50. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-70311-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-70311-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** ["paradise, n."](https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/137493) *Oxford English Dictionary Online*. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** Harper, Douglas. [*Online Etymology Dictionary*](https://www.etymonline.com/word/paradise). Etymonline. Retrieved 4 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996). *Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen*. Vol. II. Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. p. 115. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-8253-1477-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8253-1477-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-60)** Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. ["Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garden-i). *iranicaonline.org*. Retrieved 2025-01-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay201426–27_61-0)** [Day 2014](#CITEREFDay2014), pp. 26–27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-62)** Liverani, Mario (2007). *Israel's History and the History of Israel*, Routledge, p. 238. "[R]oyal gardens are the model for the 'garden of Eden' where the biblical story of Adam and Eve is set (Gen. 2.4–3.24). The word paradise (Heb. pardēs, Bab. pardēsu 'park') is of Persian origin (pairidaēza 'enclosure'), and the Persians were responsible for the spread of this kind of enclosed garden Thus, the Eden narrative should be assigned to the Babylonia of the Persian age."

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay201449_63-0)** [Day 2014](#CITEREFDay2014), p. 49.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay201427_64-0)** [Day 2014](#CITEREFDay2014), p. 27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-65)** ["Tafsir Surah Al-Kahf - 107"](https://quran.com/18:107/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran). *Quran.com*. Retrieved 2024-07-07.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gan_Eden_66-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gan_Eden_66-1) This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): [Singer, Isidore](/source/Isidore_Singer); et al., eds. (1901–1906). ["EDEN, GARDEN OF"](https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5428-eden-garden-of). *[The Jewish Encyclopedia](/source/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia)*. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Eschatology_67-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Eschatology_67-1) This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): [Singer, Isidore](/source/Isidore_Singer); et al., eds. (1901–1906). ["ESCHATOLOGY"](https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5849-eschatology). *[The Jewish Encyclopedia](/source/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia)*. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-68)** ["End of Days"](http://www.aish.com/ci/a/48925077.html). Aish. 11 January 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Legends_69-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Legends_69-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Legends_69-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Legends_69-3) ["Chapter I: The Creation of the World"](https://sacred-texts.com/jud/loj/loj103.htm). *sacred-texts.com*. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-70)** [Behr, John](/source/John_Behr) (15 January 2018). ["Origen and the Eschatological Creation of the Cosmos"](https://afkimel.wordpress.com/2018/01/15/origen-and-the-eschatological-creation-of-the-cosmos/). *Eclectic Orthodoxy*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230124131351/https://afkimel.wordpress.com/2018/01/15/origen-and-the-eschatological-creation-of-the-cosmos/) from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023. Our beginning in this world and its time can only be thought of as a falling away from that eternal and heavenly reality, to which we are called.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-71)** Chenoweth, Mark (Summer 2022). ["The Redemption of Evolution: Maximus the Confessor, The Incarnation, and Modern Science"](https://issuu.com/jacobswell/docs/jacob_s_well_spring_2022_online_1_). *Jacob's Well*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220814135608/https://issuu.com/jacobswell/docs/jacob_s_well_spring_2022_online_1_) from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-72)** Bulgakov, Sergei (2001). "Evil". *The Bride of the Lamb*. Translated by Jakim, Boris. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 170. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780802839152](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802839152).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-73)** [Hart, David Bentley](/source/David_Bentley_Hart) (2020). "The Devil's March: Creatio ex Nihilo, the Problem of Evil, and a Few Dostoyevskian Meditations". *Theological Territories: A David Bentley Hart Digest*. Notre Dame, Indiana: Notre Dame Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780268107178](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780268107178).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-74)** *Qur'an*, 2:35, 7:19, 20:117, 61:12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-75)** See [list of occurrences](http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=lem%3AEadon+pos%3Apn) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150722082206/http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=lem%3AEadon+pos%3Apn) 2015-07-22 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-76)** Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes *Dictionary of Islam,* Asian Educational Services 1995 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8-120-60672-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-120-60672-2) p. 133.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-77)** Leaman, Oliver *The Quran, an encyclopedia 2006*, p. 11.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-78)** Wheeler, Brannon. *Mecca and Eden: ritual, relics, and territory in Islam* 2006, p. 16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-79)** [Al-Bakarah, verses 35-38](https://quran.com/2/35-40) translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran. from Quran.com

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IWL-2019_80-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IWL-2019_80-1) Shanavas, T. O. (September 6, 2019). ["The Garden of Eden: An Earthly or Heavenly Garden? (from: Shanavas, T. O. (2005). Islamic Theory of Evolution: The Missing Link between Darwin and the Origin of Species. (p. 161–168).)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220528010259/http://www.islamicweblibrary.com/2019/09/06/the-garden-of-eden/). *Islamic Web Library*. Archived from [the original](http://www.islamicweblibrary.com/2019/09/06/the-garden-of-eden/) on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lange-2016_81-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lange-2016_81-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lange-2016_81-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Lange-2016_81-3) Lange, Christian (2016). *Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions*. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-50637-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Awn_82-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Awn_82-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Awn_82-2) Awn, Peter J. (1983). ["The Ethical Concerns of Classical Sufism"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40017708). *The Journal of Religious Ethics*. **11** (2): 240–263. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0384-9694](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0384-9694). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [40017708](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40017708). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230404201310/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40017708) from the original on 2023-04-04. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-83)** ["Doctrine and Covenants 107:53"](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107.53?lang=eng).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-84)** ["Doctrine and Covenants 116:1"](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/116.1?lang=eng).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-85)** ["Daniel 7:13–14, 22"](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/ot/dan/7.13.13-14,22?lang=eng).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-86)** ["I Have a Question"](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/eng/ensign/1994/01/i-have-a-question). *www.churchofjesuschrist.org*. pp. 54–55. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-87)** ["What is Mormonism? Overview of Mormon Beliefs – Mormonism 101"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120310215659/http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/mormonism-101#C18). *www.mormonnewsroom.org*. 2014-10-13. Archived from [the original](https://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/mormonism-101#C18) on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2018-10-31.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-88)** ["Gnosticism – Apocryphon of John"](https://www.britannica.com/topic/gnosticism/Apocryphon-of-John). [Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica). Retrieved 2022-01-28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-89)** [Curtius 1953](#CITEREFCurtius1953), p. 200, n.31.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-90)** ["Dante Lab at Dartmouth College: Reader"](http://dantelab.dartmouth.edu/reader?reader%5Bcantica%5D=2&reader%5Bcanto%5D=28). *dantelab.dartmouth.edu*. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-91)** Milton, John (1674). Teskey, Gordon (ed.). *Paradise lost: authoritative text, sources and backgrounds, criticism*. A Norton Critical Edition (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y: W. W. Norton & Company (published 2020). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-393-61708-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-61708-5). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-92)** Shullenberger, William (2014). Schwartz, Louis (ed.). ["Imagining Eden"](https://doi-org.uab.idm.oclc.org/10.1017/CCO9781139333719). *The Cambridge Companion to Paradise Lost*. Cambridge University Press: 125–127.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-93)** Corns, Thomas N., ed. (2012). *The Milton encyclopedia*. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 100. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-300-09444-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09444-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-94)** Knott, John R. (2005). ["Milton's Wild Garden"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4174809). *Studies in Philology*. **102** (1): 66–82. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0039-3738](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3738) – via JSTOR.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-95)** Welburn, Jude (2019). ["Divided Labors: Work, Nature, and the Utopian Impulse in John Milton's Paradise Lost"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26695108). *Studies in Philology*. **116** (3): 506–538. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0039-3738](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3738) – via JSTOR.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-96)** Pici, Nick (2001). ["Milton's "Eco-Eden": Place and Notions of the "Green" in "Paradise Lost""](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112601). *College Literature*. **28** (3): 33–50. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0093-3139](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-3139) – via JSTOR.

## Bibliography

- Brown, John Pairman (2001). [*Israel and Hellas, Volume 3*](https://books.google.com/books?id=YjaHwdvEVZAC&q=The+Restoration+of+Eden&pg=PA138). [Walter de Gruyter](/source/Walter_de_Gruyter). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783110168822](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110168822).

- Cohen, Chaim (2011). ["Eden"](https://books.google.com/books?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&q=Occasionally+called+the+%27garden+of+YHVH%27&pg=PA228). In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). *The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion*. [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780199730049](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199730049).

- [Curtius, Ernst Robert](/source/Ernst_Robert_Curtius) (1953). [*European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages*](https://archive.org/details/europeanliteratu0000curt_a0s3). [Princeton University Press](/source/Princeton_University_Press). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-691-01899-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-01899-7). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date)) Translated by Willard R. Trask.

- [Davidson, Robert](/source/Robert_Davidson_(theologian)) (1973). *Genesis 1–11* (commentary by Davidson, R. 1987 [Reprint] ed.). [Cambridge, England](/source/Cambridge%2C_England): [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780521097604](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521097604).

- Day, John (2014). ["Problems in the Interpretation of the Story of the Garden of Eden"](https://books.google.com/books?id=rtveBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24). *From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11*. [Bloomsbury Publishing](/source/Bloomsbury_Publishing). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-567-37030-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37030-3).

- Levenson, Jon D. (2004). "Genesis: Introduction and Annotations". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). [*The Jewish Study Bible*](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780195297515](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195297515).

- Mathews, Kenneth A. (1996). *Genesis*. [Nashville, Tennessee](/source/Nashville%2C_Tennessee): [Broadman & Holman Publishers](/source/Broadman_%26_Holman_Publishers). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780805401011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805401011).

- Smith, Mark S. (2009). ["Introduction"](https://books.google.com/books?id=in1lCQ0yF40C&pg=PA61). In Pitard, Wayne T. (ed.). *The Ugaritic Baal Cycle, volume II*. [BRILL](/source/BRILL). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-9004153486](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004153486).

- Speiser, E. A. (1994). ["The Rivers of Paradise"](https://books.google.com/books?id=g5MGVP6gAPkC&q=Speiser%2C+%22The+Rivers+of+Paradise%22+Cush&pg=PA38). In Tsumura, D. T.; Hess, R. S. (eds.). *I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood*. [Eisenbrauns](/source/Eisenbrauns). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780931464881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780931464881).

- Stordalen, Terje (2000). [*Echoes of Eden*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UIXwojA2_nYC&q=%22in+Eden%22). [Peeters](/source/Peeters). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789042908543](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042908543).

- Swarup, Paul (2006). [*The self-understanding of the Dead Sea Scrolls Community*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Ex55CzJi_dkC&pg=PA185). [A&C Black](/source/A%26C_Black). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780567043849](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567043849).

- [Tigchelaar, Eibert J. C.](/source/Eibert_Tigchelaar) (1999). "Eden and Paradise: The Garden Motif in some Early Jewish Texts (1 Enoch and Other Texts Found at Qumran)". In [Luttikhuizen, Gerard P.](/source/Gerard_Luttikhuizen) (ed.). *Paradise Interpreted*. Themes in Biblical narrative. [Leiden](/source/Leiden): [Koninklijke Brill](/source/Koninklijke_Brill). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [90-04-11331-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11331-2).

- Willcocks, Sir William; Hormuzd Rassam. *Mesopotamian Trade. Noah's Flood: The Garden of Eden*, in: [The Geographical Journal 35](https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14754959) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211222210544/https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14754959) 2021-12-22 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), No. 4 (April 1910). [DOI: 10.2307/1777041](https://doi.org/10.2307/1777041).

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Garden of Eden](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden).

Look up ***[Garden of Eden](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Many translations of II Kings 19:12](http://bible.cc/2_kings/19-12.htm)

- ["Eden"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Eden). *[The American Cyclopædia](/source/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia)*. 1879.

v t e Adam and Eve Source Genesis creation narrative in the Book of Genesis Adam Eve Offspring Cain and Abel Cain Abel Aclima Luluwa Seth Awan Azura Jumella Related theology Fall of man Original sin Garden of Eden Tree of the knowledge of good and evil Serpents in the Bible Forbidden fruit Apple Fig leaf Figs in the Bible Adam's ale Adamic language Camael Protevangelium Rosh Hashanah Seed of the woman Shamsiel Lilith Tree of life Allegorical interpretations of Genesis Other cultures Adam–God doctrine Adam and Eve in Mormonism Adam in Islam Adam in rabbinic literature Al-A'raf Book of Moses Endowment Manu (Hinduism) Mashya and Mashyana Serpent seed Tree of Jiva and Atman Tree of life (Quran) Our Lady of Endor Coven Film Mama's Affair (1921) Good Morning, Eve! (1934) The Broken Jug (1937) The Original Sin (1948) The Private Lives of Adam and Eve (1960) El pecado de Adán y Eva (1969) La Biblia en pasta (1984) The Annunciation (1984) Second Time Lucky (1984) Adipapam (1988) Adam (1992) The Last Eve (2005) Year One (2009) The Tragedy of Man (2011) Adam and Dog (2011) Tropico (2013) Plays Le Jeu d'Adam (12th century) The Broken Jug (1808) The Tragedy of Man (1861) The Creation of the World and Other Business (1972) Musicals The Apple Tree (1966) Dude (1972) Up from Paradise (1973) Children of Eden (1991) Compositions The Creation (1798) structure La mort d'Adam (1809) Ève (1875) Genesis Suite (1945) Lilith (2001) Literature Apocalypse of Adam Book of Moses Book of Abraham Books of Adam Book of the Penitence of Adam Cave of Treasures "El amigo de Él y Ella" Genesis A and Genesis B Harrowing of Hell Life of Adam and Eve Testament of Adam Testimony of Truth (3rd century) Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (6th century) "Old Saxon Genesis" (9th century) "Adam lay ybounden" (15th century) Paradise Lost (1667) Le Dernier Homme (1805) Extracts from Adam's Diary (1904) Eve's Diary (1905) The Book of Genesis (2009) The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve (2017) Art Bernward Doors (1015) Tapestry of Creation (11th century) Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (1425) Vienna Diptych (15th century) The Last Judgment (1482) The Garden of Earthly Delights (1504) Adam and Eve (1507) The Creation of Adam (1512) The Haywain Triptych (1516) Eve, the Serpent and Death (1510s or 1520s) Adam and Eve (1528) Adam and Eve (1550) The Fall of Man (1550) Adam and Eve (c. 1550) The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man (1617) The Fall of Man (1628) Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden (c. 1650) The Four Seasons (1660s) The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696) Paradise Lost (19th century) Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (1828) The First Mourning (1888) Adam and Eve (1905) Adam and Eve (1909) Eve (1911) Eve (1931) Adam and Eve (1932) The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve (1958) Genesis (1960) Mary and Eve (2005) Songs "Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again" "Adam-ondi-Ahman" (1835) "Forbidden Fruit" (1915) "The Garden of Eden" (1956) "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" (1968) "Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance" (1970) "Man Gave Names to All the Animals" (1979) Albums The Cainian Chronicle (1996) Visions of Eden (2006) Snakes for the Divine (2010) Geography Adam-ondi-Ahman Tomb of Eve Biology Mitochondrial Eve Y-chromosomal Adam The Real Eve The Seven Daughters of Eve Story within a story Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World Island of Love The Visitors Television "Adam & Eve" (1992) "Probe 7, Over and Out" (1963) "Simpsons Bible Stories" "In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela" "Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence" "Holly Bibble" Games Demon: The Fallen (2002) Other Pre-Adamite Generations of Adam Cave of the Patriarchs Adam and Eve cylinder seal Genealogies of Genesis Carnal knowledge Legend of the Rood Ystorya Adaf Ransom theory of atonement

v t e Afterlife locations Abrahamic religions Judaism Gan Eden Gehinnom Sheol Christianity Heaven Seven heavens Third Heaven Throne of God Hell Limbo Kingdom of God Garden of Eden Paradise Purgatory New Jerusalem Pearly gates Hades Islam Araf As-Sirāt Barzakh Jahannam Jannah Malakut Sidrat al-Muntaha Mormonism Celestial Kingdom Terrestrial Kingdom Telestial Kingdom Spirit world Mandaeism World of Light World of Darkness European mythologies Celtic Otherworld Annwn Tír na nÓg Mag Mell Tech Duinn Finnic Tuonela Germanic Asgard Fólkvangr Valhalla Neorxnawang Gimlé Hel Greek/Italic Hades Elysium Erebus Orcus Asphodel Meadows Myth of Er Empyrean Tartarus Fortunate Isles Slavic Iriy Nav Vyraj Eastern/Asian religions Buddhism Desire Realm Hell Pretaloka Animal world Human world Asura Heaven Yāma Form Realm Brahmā worlds Formless Realm Nirvana Pure Land Sukhavati Hinduism 14 planetary systems Ādi Śeṣa Svarga Naraka Vaikuntha Kailash Goloka Akshardham Jainism Three Worlds Urdhva Loka Madhya Loka Adho Loka Sikhism Sach Khand Taoism Grotto-heavens Chinese Tian Diyu Youdu Japanese Yomi Zoroastrianism Chinvat Bridge Hamistagan Tengrism Uçmag Tamağ Others Mesoamerican Mictlān Tamoanchan Thirteen Heavens Tlālōcān Xibalba Plains Indians Happy hunting ground Tupi-Guarani Yvy marã e'ỹ Guajupiá Wicca The Summerland Theosophy Summerland Devachan Nirvana Ancient Egyptian Aaru Duat Avalon Existential planes Guf Heaven Millennialism Mythological places Otherworld Spirits in prison Underworld Utopianism Well of Souls

Authority control databases International GND FAST National United States France BnF data Spain Israel Other IdRef İslâm Ansiklopedisi Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Garden of Eden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.