# Garam Chashma > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Garam_Chashma > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Garam_Chashma.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_Chashma > Source revision: 1355880831 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{More citations needed|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Garam Chashma | native_name = {{nq|گرم چشمہ}} | native_name_lang = ur | other_name = | settlement_type = [valley](/source/valley) | image_skyline = Zhiture, Garam Chashma.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Spring in Garam Chashma | nickname = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coords|35|59|36|N|71|33|35|E|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = [Province](/source/States_of_Pakistan) | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}} | subdivision_type2 = [District](/source/List_of_districts_of_Pakistan) | subdivision_name2 = [Lower Chitral](/source/Lower_Chitral_District) | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = [Chitral](/source/Chitral) | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 2550 | population_total = 50000 | population_as_of = 2003 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [Urdu](/source/Urdu) | timezone1 = [PST](/source/Pakistan_Standard_Time) | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = [Postal Code](/source/Postal_Code) | postal_code = 17130 - 0xx | area_code_type = | area_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = | blank3_name_sec1 = | blank3_info_sec1 = | blank4_name_sec1 = | blank4_info_sec1 = | website = {{url|chitral.gov.pk}} | footnotes = }} '''Garam Chashma''' ({{langx|ur|گرم چشمہ}}) (literally: ''Hot Spring'') is one of the many branch valleys of [Chitral](/source/Chitral_District), situated in the extreme north-west of [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan).{{cite book |author=Tahir Jahangir|title=A Travel Companion to the Northern Areas of Pakistan|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=USA|isbn=978-0195799699|pages=52, 57, 63}} It is one of the highest human settlements in the Hindukush ranges with an altitude of almost 2550 meters (8389 feet). The place is known for its [hot spring](/source/hot_spring), which is one of the tourist attraction sites. It is also famous for its trout fish. The water flowing down through the length of the valley is famous for fishing sports. The Lotkoh River (Garam Chashma River) running down from the lofty peaks of the Hindu Kush is most suitable for the brown type of trout fish. Other features of the area include snow-covered peaks, pleasant weather, and natural springs, and more recently, has remained in the limelight for being a potential site of hydropower generation.{{cite web|url = http://www.zemtv.com/2016/05/02/sana-mirza-live-2nd-may-2016/|title = www.jaag.tv|last = Mirza|first = Sana|date = 2 May 2016|website = www.zemtv.com|publisher = www.zemtv.com|access-date = 13 May 2016|archive-date = 5 May 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505093310/http://www.zemtv.com/2016/05/02/sana-mirza-live-2nd-may-2016/|url-status = dead}} Besides tourists, people suffering from skin diseases also visit the hot spring for treatment (not proven scientifically).{{cite news|url = https://www.dawn.com/news/611357/chitrals-garam-chashma-popular-for-its-healing-touch|title = Chitral's Garam Chashma popular for its healing touch|date = 7 March 2011|newspaper = [Dawn](/source/Dawn_(newspaper))|access-date = 2 November 2012|author = Zahiruddin}} It is located in the northwest of Chitral at a distance of about forty-eight kilometres by road. It shares international borders with Afghanistan being situated in the extreme northwest of Pakistan. [Dorāh Pass](/source/Dorah_Pass) (14,940 feet [4,554 metres) connects this part of Pakistan with [Badakhshan](/source/Badakhshan_Province), the adjacent province of Afghanistan.{{Cite web|url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chitral-citral-river-valley-in-the-upper-indus-system|title = CHITRAL – Encyclopaedia Iranica|last = electricpulp.com|website = www.iranicaonline.org|access-date = 2016-05-13}}{{Cite web |title=Hindu Kush {{!}} mountains, Asia |url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Hindu-Kush |access-date=2016-06-05 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}} ==Hot spring == The spring water emerges from underground sulfur deposits making its temperature rise above boiling point. For the same reason, the spring is also known as ''Sulphur Spring''. The spring is the warmest in the westward extension of the [Himalayan Geothermal Belt](/source/Himalayan_Geothermal_Belt). It emerges from [leucogranite](/source/leucogranite)s of the [Hindu Kush](/source/Hindu_Kush) Range that date from 20–18 Ma. Reservoir temperatures may be as high as {{convert|260|°C}}. It is not clear whether the circulation of deep groundwater in this region is driven by topography or by tectonic lateral stress.{{cite journal|page=75|last1=Hochstein|last2=Regenauer-Lieb|first1=M.P. |first2=K. |title=Heat generation associated with the collision of two plates: the Himalayan geothermal belt |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=83|issue=1–2|date=July 1998|doi=10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00018-3|bibcode=1998JVGR...83...75H}} ==Demography== The [Khowar](/source/Khowar) is the official language spoken in this valley. The population of Garam Chashma is approximately 50,000 people. Since the last census in Pakistan was conducted in 1998, there is no precise source of information in this regard. The male-to-female ratio is almost 50-50. Almost 60 percent of the population is young people. The majority religion in Garam Chashma is [Ismaili](/source/Isma'ilism) [Shi'ite](/source/Shia_Islam) [Islam](/source/Islam) and adherence to the [Aga Khan](/source/Aga_Khan) is widespread. == Languages == [Khowar](/source/Khowar_language) is the main language spoken and understood by the majority of the population.{{Cite web |title=Khowar language, alphabet and pronunciation |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/khowar.htm |access-date=2016-05-22 |website=www.omniglot.com}} The second most spoken language is [Yidgha](/source/Yidgha_language), an [Iranian language](/source/Iranian_languages) spoken by a few thousand people in Parabeg valley.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ydg|access-date=2018-08-06|title=Yadgha}} A small number of people, in Gobor Valley, also speak Sheikhan-War, a dialect spoken in the [Nuristan province](/source/Nuristan_Province) of [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan). thumb|Gobor Valley In addition, many people understand and some can even speak [Persian](/source/Persian_language). This is due to the influence of [Nasir Khisraw](/source/Nasir_Khusraw), the eleventh-century poet and philosopher.{{Cite web |title=Khusraw, Nasir {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/khusraw/ |access-date=2016-05-22 |website=www.iep.utm.edu}} One of his disciples had come to this part of the region and settled here permanently. He preached the Ismaili thought, hence marking the dawn of [Ismailism](/source/Isma'ilism) in this part of the world.{{Cite web |title=Ismaili Philosophy {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/ismaili/ |access-date=2016-05-22 |website=www.iep.utm.edu}} More recently, the neighbouring country, Afghanistan, was involved in the war with the USSR and as a result, a huge influx of refugees fled to this area. Since Garam Chashma was easily accessible from [Badakhshan](/source/Badakhshan), many [Afghans](/source/Afghans) chose to stay and some of the refugees are still living here. This interaction with Dari speakers refreshed the memories associated with Persian. == Educational institutions == *Aga Khan Schools (A network of schools from ECD-High School, spread across the area) *Government Higher Secondary School Garam Chashma *Government Higher Secondary School for Women, Izh, Garam Chashma *Community Based Degree College for Women Ovirk, Garam Chashma *Government High School Ovirk, Garam Chashma *Government Primary and Middle School (a network of schools spread across the area) *Pamir Public School and College, Garam Chashma{{Cite web|url=http://www.pamir.edu.pk/|title=Pamir Public School & College|website=www.pamir.edu.pk|access-date=2016-05-22|archive-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207210638/http://www.pamir.edu.pk/|url-status=dead}} *Al-Nasir Community Based School, Garam Chashma *Chamber of Commerce College, Garam Chashma *Injigan Ideal Public school, Garam Chashma. (Sardar Gulab) *Government high school for girls Murdan * Community school Shagrm (Murdan) *Government high school Parabag for boys * Injigan Ideal Public school Chitral, Garamchashma. == References == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.chitraltimes.com/english11/newseng1312.htm “Concise Biological Glance on Garamchishma Hot Spring”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914140002/http://chitraltimes.com/english11/newseng1312.htm |date=14 September 2013 }}. Aftab Khan, Pakistan Medical Research Council, Khyber Medical College Peshawar {{Lower-Chitral-Union-Councils}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} Category:Populated places in Lower Chitral District Category:Valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Category:Springs of Pakistan Category:Biosphere reserves of Pakistan --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Garam Chashma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_Chashma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_Chashma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.