# Gantimur

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{{Short description|Daurian tribal chief and military leader}}
{{nofootnotes|date=April 2024}}
thumb|upright=0.7|Coat of arms of Gantimur as a Russian prince
[[File:UB Maastricht - Ides 1710 - p 57.jpg|thumbnail|View of [Nerchinsk](/source/Nerchinsk) (1710), in the middle the “Wooden Palace”]]
'''Gantimur''' ({{langx|mn|Гүн Төмөр}}; {{zh|c=根特木|p=Gēntèmù}}; {{langx|ru|Гантимур}}) was a [Daurian](/source/Dauriya) tribal chief and military leader. He is the ancestor of Russian princely [Gantimurov family](/source/Gantimurov_family). He was born on the [Nercha River](/source/Nercha_River), not far from what later became [Nerchinsk](/source/Nerchinsk) Province.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Born into a family of eastern [Siberia](/source/Siberia)n [tribal chief](/source/tribal_chief)s of the siberian-transbaikalian [Evenks](/source/Evenks) and the [Mongolian](/source/Mongols) [Daurian](/source/Dauriya) tribes,<ref>Mark Gamsa: ''Manchuria: A Concise History''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020, p. 27.</ref> the details of his early life are unknown. His name is derived from the Mongolian ''gan'' ("steel") and ''tömör'' ("iron"). He was a relative of the khans of the [Jurchen](/source/Jurchen_people) [Later Jin dynasty](/source/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)) that had come to the Chinese imperial throne with [Nurhaci](/source/Nurhaci) as the first [Qing dynasty](/source/Qing_dynasty) emperor. 

Gantimur initially entered the service of [Emperor Shunzhi](/source/Shunzhi_Emperor) and led his 8,000 cavalry Evenks into [Inner Mongolia](/source/Inner_Mongolia) as a unit of the Chinese army. Tasked with fighting the Russian [Cossacks](/source/Cossacks), who had built a fort in [Kumarsk](/source/Huma_County) on the [Amur River](/source/Amur_River), he defected to them to seek an alliance. In 1667 he returned with his troops to his home near [Nerchinsk](/source/Nerchinsk) and put himself into the service of the Russians, along with his relatives and forty elders of his tribe. This opened [Transbaikalia](/source/Transbaikalia) and the country on the Amur River to the influence of the [Tsardom of Russia](/source/Tsardom_of_Russia). An immediate attempt made by the Qing authorities to secure his return by force was unsuccessful, and special envoys sent by order of the Kangxi Emperor were also unsuccessful persuading Gantimur to come back to the side of the Qing.<ref>Peter C. Perdue: ''China marches West, The Quing Conquest of Central Eurasia'', p. 165ff., Harvard University Press 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&dq=gantimur&pg=PA165 ]</ref>

In 1684, Gantimur was baptized as a Christian into the Russian Orthodox Church and entered the ranks of the Russian nobility with the title and name of Prince Peter Gantimurov.

The government in Moscow put him in charge of some of the Tungus and Mongol tribes of the newly acquired [Transbaikal](/source/Transbaikal) region. For permanent residence he chose [Nerchinsk](/source/Nerchinsk). In 1685, he was summoned to Moscow, but died on the way to [Narym](/source/Narym) and was buried in Narym.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite ECCP |last=Iiarakueff |first=A. V. |title=Ghantimur}}
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb89/f94f55d032116e6a66220aab84867ed0fb4d.pdf The Historic Architectural Legacy of the Chita Region in Eastern Siberia], by William C. Brumfield, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gantimur}}
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:1685 deaths
Category:Gantimurov family
Category:People from the Tsardom of Russia
Category:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from paganism
Category:17th-century Chinese military personnel
Category:Dauriya

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gantimur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantimur) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantimur?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.